• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.546-554
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• 2018

The Bulk market, unlike the line market, is characterized by stiff competition where certain ship or freight owners have no influence on freight rates. However, freights are subject to macroeconomic variables and economic external shock which should be considered in determining management or chartering decisions. According to the results analyzed by use of ARIMA Inventiom model, the impact of the financial crisis was found to have a very strong bearing on the BDI index. First, according to the results of the VEC model, the libor rate affects the BDI index negatively (-) while exchange rate affects the BDI index by positively (+). Secondly, according to the results of the VEC model's J ohanson test, the order ship volume affects the BDI index by negatively (-) while China's economic growth rate affects the BDI index by positively (+). This shows that the shipping company has moved away from the simple carrier and responded appropriately to changes in macroeconomic variables (economic fluctuations, interest rates and exchange rates). It is believed that the shipping companies should be more aggressive in its "trading" management strategy in order to prevent any unfortunate situation such as the Hanjin Shipping incident.

• Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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• v.61 no.11
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• pp.580-587
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• 2018

Background and Objectives We evaluated the clinical characteristics and vestibular function of patients with direction changing vibration induced nystagmus (DC VIN) and unilateral vestibular hypofunction and suggest clinical implication and a proposed mechanism of DC VIN. Subjects and Method The records of 315 patients who underwent the VIN test were reviewed retrospectively. Among these, 18 patients (5.7%) showed DC VIN, and out of whom, 15 patients (4.8%) were diagnosed as unilateral vestibular hypofunction by caloric, rotation chair (RCT), and video head impulse test (vHIT). We analyzed the relationship between DC VIN and the dizziness characteristics, duration of disease, and the outcome of the vestibular function test. Results The mean age of 15 patients was $67.4{\pm}10.7years$ and the mean duration of dizziness was $13.6{\pm}29.7months$. The caloric test revealed 25% of the patients to have significant canal paresis [Caloric vestibular neuritis (VN)], while 75% showed normal caloric response. However, unilateral vestibular hypofunction was observed by abnormal results in RCT or vHIT (Non-caloric VN). Seven patients showed ipsilateral DC VIN (nystagmus to vibrated side) and eight patients contralateral DC VIN (nystagmus to opposite side of vibration). Patients with ipsilateral DC VIN were shown to have a significant longer duration of dizziness than those with contralateral DC VIN. Conclusion Although rare, DC VIN can also be found in patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction. Patients with DC VIN had a mild vestibular asymmetry with Non-caloric VN or Caloric VN in the process of compensation. The mechanism of ipsilateral DC VIN seems to be due to the small amount of vestibular asymmetry, which is smaller than the interaural attenuation of vibration.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.40
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• pp.91-110
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• 2015

Both Plato and More imagined alternative ways of organizing society. What is common to both authors, then, is the fact that they resorted to fiction to discuss other options. They differed, however, in the way they presented that fiction. The concept of utopia is no doubt an attribute of modern thought, and one of its most visible consequences. But one of the main features of utopia as a literary genre is its relationship with reality. Utopists depart from the observation of the society they live in, note down the aspects that need to be changed and imagine a place where those problems have been solved. After the two World Wars, the twentieth century was predominantly characterized by man's disappointment at the perception of his own nature. In this context, utopian ideals seemed absurd and the floor was inevitably left to dystopian discourse. Both The Road by Cormac MacCarthy and The Childhood of Jesus by J. M. Coetzee can be called critical dystopia and critical utopia as they represent the imaginary place and time that author intended a contemporaneous reader to view as better or worse than contemporary society but with difficult problems that the described society may or may not be able to solve. As a changed adventure narrative, they have something in common like open ending, father and son relationship and religious allegory. But the most important thing is that they express the utopian impulse that is still energetic and transforming in the post-modern society.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.140-147
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to find biomechanical parameters for optimal shoes production through an ergonomic usability assessment of five existing types of shoes preferred by B-BOY. Ten experts and ten non-experts participated in the experiment, and 12 infrared cameras (Qualis, Oqus), force plate (Kistler, 9286AA) and foot pressure plate (Zebris Gmbh, Zebris PDM-System) were used to obtain the data. The results of the study are as follows. First, P shoes with a friction coefficient of 0.38 and a free moment of 0.32 N/m/kg are desirable in terms of traction capability and safety. Second, on the cushion, it was found that the N shoes 2.51 N, sec/kg and non-expert, and 2.86 N and sec/kg were suitable. Third, it is deemed appropriate for C shoes with a forefoot average pressure of 10.11 KPa (right), 10.05 KPa (left), and V shoes with a rearfoot average pressure of 8.4 KPa (right) and 8.36 KPa (left). In conclusion, the combination of the structure and material of V shoes should be developed for traction and stability, N shoes for cushion, and walking balance for C and V shoes.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.27-36
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• 2019

In this study, experiments on the improvement of the emotion classification, analysis and accuracy of EEG data were proceeded, which applied DEAP (a Database for Emotion Analysis using Physiological signals) dataset. In the experiment, total 32 of EEG channel data measured from 32 of subjects were applied. In pre-processing step, 256Hz sampling tasks of the EEG data were conducted, each wave range of the frequency (Hz); Theta, Slow-alpha, Alpha, Beta and Gamma were then extracted by using Finite Impulse Response Filter. After the extracted data were classified through Time-frequency transform, the data were purified through Independent Component Analysis to delete artifacts. The purified data were converted into CSV file format in order to conduct experiments of Machine learning algorithm and Arousal-Valence plane was used in the criteria of the emotion classification. The emotions were categorized into three-sections; 'Positive', 'Negative' and 'Neutral' meaning the tranquil (neutral) emotional condition. Data of 'Neutral' condition were classified by using Cz(Central zero) channel configured as Reference channel. To enhance the accuracy ratio, the experiment was performed by applying the attributes selected by ASC(Attribute Selected Classifier). In "Arousal" sector, the accuracy of this study's experiments was higher at "32.48%" than Koelstra's results. And the result of ASC showed higher accuracy at "8.13%" compare to the Liu's results in "Valence". In the experiment of Random Forest Classifier adapting ASC to improve accuracy, the higher accuracy rate at "2.68%" was confirmed than Total mean as the criterion compare to the existing researches.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.45-53
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• 2022

This paper investigates empirically the lead-lag relation between the 'apartment price index' and 'Internet search volume'. This study uses Naver Trend Index as a proxy for Internet search volume. An increase in Internet search volume on the apartment price index indicates an increase in people's attention to an apartment. Different from previous studies exploring the relation between 'the released price index of the apartment' and 'Naver Trend Index', this study investigates the relation of the Naver Trend Index with 'the fundamental price component of an apartment' and 'the transitory price component of an apartment', respectively. The results of the Granger causality test reveal that there are bidirectional Granger causalities between the 'released price' and Naver Trend Index. In addition, the 'fundamental price component of an apartment' and Naver Trend Index have a feedback relation, while 'the transitory price component of an apartment' Granger causes the Naver Trend Index uni-directionally. The impulse response function analysis indicates that the shock of apartment prices increases Naver Trend Index in the first month. Overall, The close relationship between apartment prices and Naver Trend Index suggests that increases in the movement of apartment prices are positively associated with public attention on the apartment market.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.32
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• pp.371-394
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• 2011

Buddhism have affected Korea traditional education very much. Sam Guk Yu Sa is a book which includes the public disposition grounded on world view of Buddhism. In the wide scope, the public disposition relates to their cultivating education. This paper reviewed cultivating education grounded on John Dewey "experience-learning" model about the Buddhistic public disposition appearing in Sam Guk Yu Sa. "Meaning-experience" as "adult-becoming" appearing in Sam Guk Yu Sa shows a strong characteristic of cultivating education when we see on a creative horizon in the Buddhistic world. Dewey-Deleuze's cultivating education which modernizes the theory of John Dewey meets at the place of the public disposition and three fables of Sam Guk Yu Sa grounded on the Buddhistic world. This could open possibility to interpret the cultivating theory of Korea traditional thought and western educational theory with interdigitation. Fables of Sam Guk Yu Sa dealt with growth and maturity of the public from Buddhist monk to folk wishes to achieve Bulgukto(佛國土; the land with Buddha) through the process of cultivating education which leads to "impulse-observation-knowledge-determination." In these series of process for "adult-becoming," life itself possesses characteristic of cultivating theory. In this respect, fables of Sam Guk Yu Sa shows Korea traditional cultivating theory and can be a role of a discourse book for cultivating educational theory which could relate to western educational theory.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.509-519
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• 2021

This study was conducted in order to acquire useful information regarding the resilience of childcare educators amidst an emergency pandemic to adjust their job stress, job burnout, and turnover intention. A questionnaire was conducted for analysis from August 19th to the 30th in 2020 and 201 responses ended up being used for analysis. The analysis results revealed that job stress, job burnout, and turnover intention of childcare educators were low while resilience was high and it was acknowledged that all of them mostly differed according to the types of personal traits. Although the job stress of childcare educators had a positive (+) influence on job burnout at a statistically significant level, it turns out that job stress does not have an influential relationship with turnover intention. Furthermore, the emotion regulation ability, impulse control, and active conductivity among resilience displayed a moderating effect in the relationship between job stress and job burnout. Amidst an emergency pandemic known as the COVID-19 virus, it has been confirmed that job stress and turnover intention of childcare educators deteriorated, and the prominent reason for this was identified as the difficulty in carrying out smooth job performances. Accordingly, measures to strengthen resilience such as countermeasures against quarantine-based job stress and turnover intent, daily management over job burnout and resilience, as well as counseling or programs based on self-focused attention have been suggested.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.25-33
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• 2023

Noise generated during the acquisition and transmission of CT images acts as a factor that degrades image quality. Therefore, noise removal to solve this problem is an important preprocessing process in image processing. In this paper, we remove noise by using a deformable convolutional autoencoder (DeCAE) model in which deformable convolution operation is applied instead of the existing convolution operation in the convolutional autoencoder (CAE) model of deep learning. Here, the deformable convolution operation can extract features of an image in a more flexible area than the conventional convolution operation. The proposed DeCAE model has the same encoder-decoder structure as the existing CAE model, but the encoder is composed of deformable convolutional layers and the decoder is composed of conventional convolutional layers for efficient noise removal. To evaluate the performance of the DeCAE model proposed in this paper, experiments were conducted on CT images corrupted by various noises, that is, Gaussian noise, impulse noise, and Poisson noise. As a result of the performance experiment, the DeCAE model has more qualitative and quantitative measures than the traditional filters, that is, the Mean filter, Median filter, Bilateral filter and NL-means method, as well as the existing CAE models, that is, MAE (Mean Absolute Error), PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio) and SSIM. (Structural Similarity Index Measure) showed excellent results.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.317-349
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• 2021

This study was conducted to examine the reliability and validity of the internet (IOS-Q), Game (GOS-Q), and Smartphone (SOS-Q) Overuse Screening Questionnaires in a large community sample of adolescents. To achieve this goal, data from 9,336 middle school students (male: 4,796, female: 4,540) was divided into two groups and analyzed by conducting confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis, respectively. We conducted another confirmatory factor analysis on a separate sample of data from 4,536 elementary school students (male: 2,260 male, female: 2,276) and 6,551 middle school students (male: 3,013, female: 3,538) from other populations. As a result of factor analysis, IOS-Q was consisted of 17 items, GOS-Q was consisted of 19 items, and SOS-Q was consisted of 18 items. The IOS-Q and GOS-Q factors were psychological dependence, failure to control use despite recognizing problems, dangerous use, and reduced interest in other areas while the SOS-Q factors were dangerous and obsessive use, failure to control use despite recognizing problems, reduced interest in other areas, and withdrawal/tolerance. Each factor reflected the major facets of behavioral addiction or impulse control disorder, and the questionnaires had good internal consistencies of .880-.915. Latent profile and ROC analyses were conducted to determine cutoff points for screening high-risk groups. Lastly, theoretical and practical implications as well as the limitations of this study were discussed.