• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.375-385
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• 2016

Background: The study was conducted to elucidate the extraction conditions under which white ginseng has cognition-improving efficacy. Methods and Results: Extracts from white ginseng under different solvent and temperature conditions were analyzed for ginsenoside content and inhibitory effect on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and acetylcholinesterase. The total ginsenoside contents and amounts of ginsenoside Rb1 plus ginsenoside Rg1 from the 1st extracts (prepared with EtOH/$H_2O$ as solvent) were higher than those from the 2nd extracts (extracted with $H_2O$ after the 1st EtOH/$H_2O$ extraction). The contents in the 1st and 2nd extracts produced at $80^{\circ}C$ were also higher than those obtained at $50^{\circ}C$. Samples from the 1st extraction at $80^{\circ}C$ indicated higher inhibitory activities on NMDA receptors-whose excessive activation is thought to mediate the calcium-dependent neurotoxicity associated with several neurodegenerative diseases-than those from the 2nd extraction. Among the samples prepared at varying temperatures, the extract prepared at $50^{\circ}C$ showed the highest suppression activity on NMDA receptors. Note, however, that the extracts from the 2nd extraction at $50^{\circ}C$ inhibited acetylcholinesterase-whose inhibition could be a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases with cognitive deficits and memory malfunction-more effectively than those from the 1st extraction. Conclusions: To enhance the cognition-improving activity of white ginseng extract, it is suggested that the extracts be utilized after being combined the 1st extracts (made with EtOH/$H_2O$ solvent) and the 2nd extracts (prepared with $H_2O$) at low temperature.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.33-48
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• 2011

In this thesis, a field experience activity support system is designed and implemented for improving social skills of children with developmental disabilities. The proposed system is designed to allow the students to experience various field activities around their local community. The proposed system has the following characteristics. First, it can improve effectiveness of field experience by providing very practical pre-study information to students. Second, the systems provides very practical and real-world problem-solving abilities rather than providing simple experience and superficial information. Third, the system allows students to change the contents according to their local community environments and purpose of use. Fourth, the system can be used as education for living at home as well as field experience study at schools. After applying the proposed system to students with developmental disabilities, the following positive results are obtained. First, the system have good effect on students with severe developmental disabilities when the system is used for prestudy. Specially those students are highly interested and motivated on study subjects. Second, at real field experience study place, students are well adapted and are very interested in their activities. Third, in the light of post-evaluation after field experience, it is reported that lots of study contents remain in their memory.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.51-56
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• 2017

Nitinol, a shape memory alloy (SMA), is manufactured from titanium and nickel and it used in various fields such as electrical applications, micro sensors. It is also recommended as a material in medical for implant because it has excellent organic compatibility. Nitinol is intended to be inserted into the human body, products require a high-quality surface and low residual stress. To overcome this problems, explore electrolyte polishing (EP) is being explored that may be appropriate for use with nitinol. EP is a particularly useful machining method because, as a non contact machining method, it produces neither machining heat nor internal stress in the machined materials. Sandpaper polishing is also useful machining method because, as a contact machining method, it can easily good surface roughness in the machined materials. The electrolyte polishing (EP) process has an effect of improving the surface roughness as well as the film polishing process, but has a characteristic that the residual stress is hardly generated because the work hardened layer is not formed on the processed surface. The sandpaper polishing process has the effect of improving the surface roughness but the residual stress remains in the surface. We experimented with three conditions of polishing process. First condition is the conventional polishing. Second condition is the electrochemical polishing(EP). And Last condition is a mixing process with the conventional polishing and the EP. Surface roughness and residual stress of the nitinol before a polishing process were $0.474{\mu}mRa$, -45.38MPa. Surface roughness and residual stress of the nitinol after mixing process of the conventional polishing and the EP were $1.071{\mu}mRa$, -143.157MPa. Surface roughness and residual stress of the nitinol after conventional polishing were $0.385{\mu}mRa$ and -205.15MPa. Surface roughness and residual stress of sandpaper and EP nitinol were $1.071{\mu}mRa$, -143.157MPa. The result shows that the EP process is a residual stress free process that eliminates the residual stress on the surface while eliminating the deformed layer remaining on the surface through composite surface machining rather than single surface machining. The EP process can be used for biomaterials such as nitinol and be applied to polishing of wafers and various fields.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.128-148
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• 2023

Dementia is an umbrella term that describes the loss of thinking, memory, attention, logical reasoning, and other mental abilities to the extent that it interferes with the activities of daily living. More than 50 million individuals worldwide live with dementia, which is expected to increase to 131 million by 2050. Recent research has shown that poor oral health increases the risk of dementia, while oral health declines with cognitive decline. In this narrative review, the literature was based on the "hypothesis" that dementia and oral health have a close relationship, and appropriate oral health and occlusal rehabilitation treatment can improve the quality of life of patients with dementia and prevent progression. We conducted a literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar databases, using the search terms "dementia," "major neurocognitive disorder," "dentition," "occlusion," "tooth loss," "dental prosthesis," "dental implant," and "occlusal rehabilitation" in the title field over the past 30 years. A total of 131 studies that scientifically addressed dementia, oral health, and/or oral rehabilitation were included. In a meta-analysis, the random effect model demonstrated significant tooth loss increasing the dementia risk 3.64-fold (pooled odds ratio=3.64, 95% confidence interval [2.50~5.32], P-value=0.0348). Tooth loss can be an important indicator of cognitive function decline. As the number of missing teeth increases, the risk of dementia increases. Loss of teeth can lead to a decrease in the ascending information to the brain and reduced masticatory ability, cerebral blood flow, and psychological atrophy. Oral microbiome dysbiosis and migration of key bacterial species to the brain can also cause dementia. Additionally, inflammation in the oral cavity affects the inflammatory response of the brain and the complete body. Conversely, proper oral hygiene management, the placement of dental implants or prostheses to replace lost teeth, and the restoration of masticatory function can inhibit symptom progression in patients with dementia. Therefore, improving oral health can prevent dementia progression and improve the quality of life of patients.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.629-636
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• 2012

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the characteristics of single and double finger gestures related on the web browser and to extract the appropriate finger gestures. Background: As electronic equipment emphasizes miniaturization for improving portability various interfaces are being developed as input devices. Electronic devices are made smaller, the gesture recognition technology using the touch-based interface is favored for easy editing. In addition, user focus primarily on the simplicity of intuitive interfaces which propels further research of gesture based interfaces. In particular, the fingers in these intuitive interfaces are simple and fast which are users friendly. Recently, the single and double finger gestures are becoming more popular so more applications for these gestures are being developed. However, systems and software that employ such finger gesture lack consistency in addition to having unclear standard and guideline development. Method: In order to learn the application of these gestures, we performed the sketch map method which happens to be a method for memory elicitation. In addition, we used the MIMA(Meaning in Mediated Action) method to evaluate gesture interface. Results: This study created appropriate gestures for intuitive judgment. We conducted a usability test which consisted of single and double finger gestures. The results showed that double finger gestures had less performance time faster than single finger gestures. Single finger gestures are a wide satisfaction difference between similar type and difference type. That is, single finger gestures can judge intuitively in a similar type but it is difficult to associate functions in difference type. Conclusion: This study was found that double finger gesture was effective to associate functions for web navigations. Especially, this double finger gesture could be effective on associating complex forms such as curve shaped gestures. Application: This study aimed to facilitate the design products which utilized finger and hand gestures.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.213-220
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• 2020

The power consumption and performance of hardware-based mobile and IoT embedded systems that require high specifications are one of the important issues of these systems. In particular, the problem of excessive power consumption is because it causes a problem of increasing heat generation and shortening the life of the device. In addition, in the same environment, software also needs to perform stable operation in limited power and memory, thereby increasing power consumption of the device. In order to solve these issues, we propose a Low level power improvement via identifying performance dissipation. The proposed method identifies complex modules (especially Cyclomatic complexity, Coupling & Cohesion) through code visualization, and helps to simplify low power code patterning and performance code. Therefore, through this method, it is possible to optimize the quality of the code by reducing power consumption and improving performance.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2018

Objectives : Cheongnoimyungshin-hwan (CNMSH) is a Herbal compound prescription that is composed mainly of herbal medicines such as Ginseng Radix Alba, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Longan Arillus and cornus cervi parvum, and for the purpose of improving memory and preventing dementia. Methods : In this study, it was investigated whether CNMSH could suppress inflammatory response and oxidative stress in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. As a result, CNMSH decreased expression of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, and also inhibited production of NO, prostaglandin E2. Results : This effect was associated with the suppression of the expression of p65, one of the nuclear factor-kappaB ($NF-{\kappa}B$) subunits, and increased expression of $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$, inhibit the $NF-{\kappa}B$ transcription factor. In addition, CNMSH significantly blocked intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation in response to LPS stimulation. Furthermore, CNMSH increased expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf)-2 activation and heme oxygenase (HO)-1. Conclusions : Therefore, it has been shown anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by inhibiting the expression and production of inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated macrophages, and is associated with ROS generation and is activated by Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.407-418
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an eye-health program based on social learning theory (EPST) of preschoolers and evaluate its effectiveness. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pre-post test design was utilized and 141 six-year-old preschoolers and their parents participated (experimental group=69, control group=72) in the study. The EPST in this study included eye-health education and eye exercises. Attention, memory, replay, motivation, reinforcement, and self-efficacy were used as interventional strategies. To examine the effectiveness of EPST, proficiency in eye-health activities, refractive power, and visual acuity were measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 21.0 using the Shapiro-Wilk test, ${\chi}^2$-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: Following the intervention, eye-health activities, refractive power, and visual acuity significantly improved in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that EPST is effective in improving eye-health activities, refractive power, and visual acuity in preschoolers, and its wider implementation in educational institutions will promise improved eye-health among preschoolers.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.326-336
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• 2006

Due to the evolution of wired and wireless communication technologies and the Internet, multimedia services such as Internet broadcast and VOD have been prevalent recently. RTP is designed to be suitable for transmission of real-time multimedia data on the Internet by IETF While a variety of applications have utilized different RTPs implemented as a library, embeddedRTP is RTP-based kernel-level protocol that resolved performance issues of this kind of RTPs. This paper proposes the ExtendedERTP protocol based on existing embeddedRTP. This new protocol resolves a couple of issues such as packet processing overhead and buffer requirement and combines its APIs with BSD socket APIs which have been widely utilized in network applications. This paper demonstrates that this integration makes it possible to transmit real-time multimedia data through the accustomed interface of BSD socket APIs with nominal extra overhead. This paper also proposes a scheme for improving packet processing time by 15$\sim$20% and another scheme for reducing memory requirement for packet processing to about 3.5%, comparing with those of embeddedRTP.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2009

This paper will propose the efficient method that should be designed to utilize the design pattern of GoF(Gang of Four) for implementation of LBS(Location Based Service) mobile system. The design method proposed by this paper can design and implement system interface using creational patterns, structural patterns and behavioral patterns of design pattern from the user and mobile system viewpoint. The design method using design pattern can show increasing reusability of module and software, abridging the development time, minimizing the maintenance and decreasing the efficiency of memory of system to software development. Therefore, we used a design pattern in order to change the middleware applying geographic information system from mobile environment. Finally, the mobile system applied to design pattern shall contribute to showing high stability and reliability, improving reusability and scalability of module and software and developing efficient LBS mobile system.