• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.59-67
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• 2017

Recently, integration of parts is accelerating according to the growth of the smart mobile industry. The integration of these parts causes problems of interference phenomena between the parts, and the importance of electromagnetic wave shielding technology to solve this problem is highlighted. Electromagnetic wave shielding technology is implemented so as to reflect or absorb electromagnetic waves, and generally conductive materials are utilized for electromagnetic wave shielding. Transparent shielding technology is required according to recent industrial changes. In this research, we propose transparent the shielding film using imprint technology with conductive composite binder. Utilizing UV polymerized acrylic binder to produce a conductive composite binder. Spherical, plate and stacked silver particles were used for conductivity. The changes of the curing characteristics, conductivity and adhesion were observed according to the structural characteristics of the silver particles. The use of spherical particles was the most efficient in the curing process, and an additional curing system was required to complement the UV-shadowing structure. In the conductivity evaluation, the stacked structure showed excellent characteristics. The adhesion of spherical system was the best. It is evaluated as a result of irregularities on the surface. Ultimately, the patterned film using this showed excellent transparency characteristics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.280-280
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• 2007

$Pb(Zr,Ti)O_3$ (PZT) 강유전체 박막은 높은 잔류 분극 (remanent polarization) 특성 때문에 현재 강유전체 메모리 (FeRAM) 소자에 적용하기 위하여 가장 활발히 연구되고 있다. 그런데 PZT 물질은 피로 (fatigue) 및 임프린트 (imprint) 등의 장시간 신뢰성 (long-term reliability) 특성이 취약한 단점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 신뢰성 문제를 해결할 수 있는 효과적인 방법 중의 하나는 $IrO_2$, $SrRuO_3$(SRO) 등의 산화물 전극을 사용하는 것이다. 많은 산화물 전극 중에서 SRO는 PZT와 비슷한 pseudo-perovskite 결정구조를 갖고 격자 상수도 비슷하여, PZT 커패시터의 강유전 특성 및 신뢰성을 향상시키는데 매우 효과적인 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 PZT 커패시터에 적용하기 위하여 SRO 박막을 증착하고 이의 전기적 특성 및 미세구조를 분석하고자 하였다. 또 실제로 SRO 박막을 상부전극과 PZT 사이의 버퍼 층 (buffer layer)으로 적용한 경우의 커패시터 특성도 평가하였다. 먼저 다결정 SRO 박막을 $SiO_2$/Si 기판 위에 DC 마그네트론 스퍼터링 법 (DC magnetron sputtering method)으로 증착하였다. 그 다음 이러한 SRO 박막의 미세구조, 결정성 및 전기적 특성이 증착 조건들의 변화에 따라서 어떤 경향성을 보이는지를 평가하였다. 기판 온도는 $350\;{\sim}\;650^{\circ}C$ 범위에서 변화시켰고, 증착 파워는 500 ~ 800 W 범위에서 변화시켰다. 또 Ar+$O_2$ 혼합 가스에서 산소의 혼합 비율을 20 ~ 50% 범위에서 변화시켰다. 이러한 실험 결과 SRO 박막의 전기적 특성 및 미세 구조는 기판의 증착 온도에 따라서 가장 민감하게 변함을 관찰할 수 있었다. 다른 증착 조건과 무관하게 $450^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서 증착된 SRO 박막은 모두 주상정 구조 (columnar structure)를 형성하며 (110) 방향성을 강하게 나타내었다. 가장 낮은 전기 저항은 $550^{\circ}C$ 증착 온도에서 얻을 수 있었는데, 그 값은 약 $440\;{\mu}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ 이었다. SRO 버퍼 충을 적용하여 제작한 PZT 커패시터의 잔류 분극 (Pr) 값은 약 $30\;{\mu}C/cm^2$ 정도로 매우 높은 값을 나타내었고, 피로 손실 (fatigue loss)도 $1{\times}10^{11}$ 스위칭 사이클 후에 약 11% 정도로 매우 양호한 값을 나타내었다.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.384-391
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• 2005

A polymer optical microring resonator, which is laterally coupled to a straight bus waveguide, has been proposed and demonstrated using a nanoimprint technique. The propagation loss of the ring waveguide and the optical power coupling between the ring and bus waveguides was calculated by using a beam propagation method, then the dependence of the device performance on them was investigated using a transfer matrix method. We have especially introduced an imprint stamp incorporating a smoothing buffer layer made of a silicon nitride thin film. This layer played an efficient role in improving the sidewall roughness of the waveguide pattern engraved on the stamp and thus reducing the scattering loss. As a result the overall Q factor of the resonator was greatly increased. Also it reduced the gap between the ring and bus waveguides effectively to enhance the coupling between them, without relying on the direct writing method based on an e-beam writer. As for the achieved device performance at the wavelength of 1550 nm, the quality factor, the extinction ratio, and the free spectral range were ~103800, ~11 dB, and 1.16 m, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.356-364
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• 2024

Lymph nodes (LNs) are crucial sites where immune responses are initiated to combat invading pathogens in the body. LNs are organized into distinctive compartments by stromal cells. Stromal cell subsets constitute special niches supporting the trafficking, activation, differentiation, and crosstalk of immune cells in LNs. Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC) are a type of stromal cell that form the three-dimensional structure networks of the T cell-rich zones in LNs, providing guidance paths for immigrating T lymphocytes. FRCs imprint immune responses by supporting LN architecture, recruiting immune cells, coordinating immune cell crosstalk, and presenting antigens. During inflammation, FRCs exert both spatial and molecular regulation on immune cells through their topological and secretory responses, thereby steering immune responses. Here, we propose a model in which FRCs regulate immune responses through a three-part scheme: setting up, supporting, or suppressing immune responses. FRCs engage in bidirectional interactions that enhance T cell biological efficiency. In addition, FRCs have profound effects on the innate immune response through phagocytosis. Thus, FRCs in LNs act as gatekeepers of immune responses. Overall, this study aims to highlight the emerging roles of FRCs in controlling both innate and adaptive immunity. This collaborative feedback loop mediated by FRCs may help maintain tissue function during inflammatory responses.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of 3 chairside polishing methods and laboratory polishing methods on surface roughness and $C.$ $albicans$ adhesion of polyamide denture base. Materials and methods: Using contact profilometer, the surface of polyamide specimens ($25{\times}15{\times}2mm$) was studied after conventional polishing without finishing and after chiarside polishing with 2 chiarside polishing kits and chairside-pumice polishing following finishing with tungsten carbide bur. To evaluate the adhesion of $C.$ $albicans$, $C.$ $albicans$ suspension was overlayed on the test specimen. And the specimens were incubated for 2 hours. Imprint culture method was achieved and counted the colony on the agar plate. Polished polyamide were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope. The statistics were conducted using one-way ANOVA and in case of difference, Scheffe test and Tamhane's T2 test were used. Results: Surface roughness (Ra) of surfaces polished with 2 chairside polishing kits had higher than conventional polishing and pumice polishing. The highest roughness value was $0.32{\pm}0.10{\mu}m$, and the lowest was $0.02{\pm}0.00{\mu}m$. The adhesion of $C.$ $albicans$ on the specimens polished with chairside polishing group and pumice polishing group were increased than conventional polishing group ($P$<.01). Conclusion: Conventional laboratory polishing was found to produce the smoothest surface and the lowest adhesion of $C.$ $albicans$. Two groups polished with Chairside polishing kits were similar with respect to surface roughness. Surface of the specimen polished with pumice is significantly smoother than 2 chairside polishing groups, but the result of $C.$ $albicans$ adhesion is that group polished with pumice was similar with 2 chairside polishing groups ($P$>.01).

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.69-78
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• 2009

Korea has achieved significant economic growth with building the Gyeongbu Expressway. As the number of new road construction projects has decreased, it becomes more important to maintain optimal status of the current road networks. One of the best ways to accomplish it is weight enforcement as active control measure of traffic load. This study is to develop High-speed Weigh-in-motion System in order to enhance efficiency of weight enforcement, and to analyze patterns of overloaded trucks on highways through the system. Furthermore, it is to review possibilities of developing overweight control system with application of the HS-WIM system. The HS-WIM system developed by this study consists of two sets of an axle load sensor, a loop sensor and a wandering sensor on each lane. A wandering sensor detects whether a travelling vehicle is off the lane or not with the function of checking the location of tire imprint. The sensor of the WIM system has better function of classifying types of vehicles than other existing systems by detecting wheel distance and tire type such as single or dual tire. As a result, its measurement errors regarding 12 types of vehicle classification are very low, which is an advantage of the sensor. The verification tests of the system under all conditions showed that the mean measurement errors of axle weight and gross axle weight were within 15 percent and 7 percent respectively. According to the WIM rate standard of the COST-323, the WIM system of this study is ranked at B(10). It means the system is appropriate for the purpose of design, maintenance and valuation of road infrastructure. The WIM system in testing a 5-axle cargo truck, the most frequently overloaded vehicle among 12 types of vehicles, is ranked at A(5) which means the system is available to control overloaded vehicles. In this case, the measurement errors of axle load and gross axle load were within 8 percent and 5 percent respectively. Weight analysis of all types of vehicles on highways showed that the most frequently overloaded vehicles were type 5, 6, 7 and 12 among 12 vehicle types. As a result, it is necessary to use more effective overweight enforcement system for vehicles which are seriously overloaded due to their lift axles. Traffic volume data depending upon vehicle types is basic information for road design and construction, maintenance, analysis of traffic flow, road policies as well as research.