• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.217-221
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• 2017

BACKGROUND: For the food safety of cultivated mushroom, information on the safety of agricultural by-products imported as medium substrates for mushroom cultivation is urgently needed. Therefore, this study was performed to detect the presence of heavy metals, residual pesticides, and nutrient component in the imported medium substrates. METHODS AND RESULTS: Six kinds of medium substrates imported from nine countries from 2015 to 2017 were investigated. A mercury analyzer MA-2000 and an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer OPTIMA 7000DV were used to analyze mercury, lead, arsenic, copper, nickel and cadmium. All of these heavy metals were detected at lower level than heavy metal tolerance standard level of by-product fertilizer in Korea. When 246 kinds of residual pesticides were examined by GC and HPLC, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and carbendazim were detected from Egyptian beet pulp, Indian cottonseed meal and cottonseed hull, respectively. The content of nutrient components (water, crude ash, crude fat, crude protein and crude fiber) varied among imported countries and the medium substrates. CONCLUSION:The presence of heavy metals and residual pesticides in imported medium substrates for mushroom cultivation was confirmed. For the safe production of mushroom, this study shows that imported medium materials for mushroom cultivation need to be managed through continuous monitoring.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.40
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• pp.109-119
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• 1998

In order to identify the factors responsible for the recent drastic increase of imported apparel in Korea, an attempt was made to determine the variables influencing the purchasing behavior of imported and domestic apparel and forecast the purchasing intention with the use of Fishbein & Ajzen's behavioral intention model including both attitude and subjective norm. Based on literature review, the empirical study was conducted using the questionnaire for 900 college women and high school girls living in Seoul. Descriptive statistics, t-test, paired-t test, multiple regression analysis, and correlation analysis were made of 771 returned questionnaires using SAS program. The results were as follows : First, the results of assessing both their attitudes toward imported and domestic apparel and their subjective norms were shown to be different. Second, there was a difference in the attributes that had an effect on their attention to buy imported and domestic apparel. Third, those respondents having a preference for imported apparel were most highly influenced by color and price. While those respondents showing a preference for domestic apparel were most highly influenced by materials and comfortableness. Fourth, the validity of the prediction value of their buying intention was confirmed as it was shown to be more than coreelation coefficien r=0.65. In conclusion, 1) it was proved that both attitude and subjective norm were the important variables that could predict the consumer's purchasing intention, 2) since competitiveness in color and materials and brand influencing the consumer's purchase of and preference for domestic apparel relatively lagged behind in comparison with that of imported apparel, the domestic apparel business enterprise will have to make a greater effort to develop differentiated color, material and prestigious brand so as to enhance competitiveness with imported apparel.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.51-61
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• 2018

Transportation and storage technologies, which are key drivers for trade, has increased global trade of agricultural products about 165% from 1995 to 2015. Korea imports 76.2% of grain from major food exporters such as USA, Australia, Brazil, and China. The expected long shipping distances from these countries can seriously cause environmental impacts on various environmental categories such as climate change, particulate matter, and acidification. The goal of this study is to assess the environmental implications focused on greenhouse gases (GHGs) and particulate matters (PMs) emissions of imported grains (wheat, corn, and bean) using food miles analysis and life cycle assessment (LCA). The environmental impacts of imported crops are estimated by transportation modes using the national LCI database provided by Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI). The results of this study are as follows; (1) Imported wheat comes from USA (29%), AUS (27%), and URK (20%), corn is imported from USA (34%), BRA (29%), and URK (16%), and bean comes from BRA (57%), USA (40%), and CHN (2%); (2) the food miles of imported crops (wheat, corn, and bean) are 3.62E+10, 1.30E+11, and $2.20E+10ton{\cdot}km$, respectively; (3) the potential GHGs and PMs of wheat, corn, and bean are 5.02E+08, 1.67E+09, and 2.84E+08 kg $CO_2e$ and 5.89E+05, 1.83E+06, 3.07E+05 kg $PM_{10}e$, respectively. The outputs of this study could provide environmental impacts and carrying distances of imported agricultural products for preparing a plan to reduce environmental impacts.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1127-1137
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• 2010

As directly imported apparel brands are actively entering the domestic market, studies of the marketing aspects of these imported apparel products and their overall consumption trend have been done. However, studies of whether are not the directly imported apparel products provide Korean consumers with an appropriate fit are not as common. Therefore, this study investigates the satisfaction with and problems associated with the fit along with the recognition of and preference for directly imported US apparel brands. 100 female college students who purchased directly imported US apparel brands participated in a survey. The results of this survey showed that their recognition of, preference for, possession rate of and satisfaction with the directly imported US apparel brands tend to be high. The major purchasing motivations were the excellent 'design' and 'color' of the products. The subjects reported that they were satisfied with the quality of 'materials' and 'sewing condition'. However, they were not satisfied with the 'comfort' or the 'size'. Their level of satisfaction with the fit of these products differed depending on the specific item. Their level of satisfaction with the fit of T-shirts and knits was high, whereas the level for pants was relatively low. They complained mostly about the sleeve length and garment length of upper-body garments and coats. They were not satisfied with how the pants fit. The areas of dissatisfaction regarding the pants were the waist girth, the crotch length and the pants length.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.408-418
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• 2015

This study investigates the purchasing and wearing conditions of wetsuits, and analyzes consumer awareness on wetsuit functional factors between domestic and imported brands. This research provides basic information on presenting competitiveness and developing suitable wetsuits for the Korean body shape through an investigation of a size system. An in-depth interview was conducted to consider consumer awareness with 10 persons of different levels of scuba diving experience. The survey variables consist of classified suggestion of inquires for functional factors and size systems. We distributed 80 questionnaires to scuba diving club members; subsequently, a total of 66 usable data sets were coded for statistical analysis through SPSS WIN 18.0. The result shows that respondents preferred imported ready-to-wear brands, whereas national ready-to-wear brands were purchased less often. However, the difference in customer awareness of functional factors between domestic and imported brands was not significant. In evaluating the size system of six brands (including three domestic and three imported brands), wetsuits of domestic brands were better fitted to the Korean body shape than imported brands; however, competitiveness has been hindered by public perception that domestic brands imitate imported brands. The results suggest that domestic brands can strengthen their competitiveness through promoting a lower price and size suited to Koreans while trying to change public perception as imitators of imported brands.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.245-251
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• 2013

This study was conducted to compare quality characteristics of imported skate rays. The moisture content was higher in imported skate rays than in domestic mottled skate, while the protein content displayed a contrasting pattern. From measurements of the volatile basic nitrogen content, pH, viable cell counts, and urea and ammonia contents, the freshness of skate rays imported from Chile, Canada and Uruguay was considered to be inferior to domestic mottled skate, while the freshness of skate rays imported from the USA was similar. The measurement of physicochemical properties revealed that four kinds of imported skate rays were of inferior quality, as compared to domestic mottled skate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.342-347
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• 2014

This survey was conducted to investigate consumer preferences for branded and imported pork, including favorite cooking styles. Data were collected from a total of 252 consumers and analyzed. The results are summarized as follows. Consumers of branded pork showed a moderate preference "moderate" (54%). There was no significant difference in consumer preference for branded pork according to educational level or living area. However, there was a significant difference according to yearly income (p<0.05). Consumers in the high-income group preferred branded pork more than those in the low-income group. Most consumers did not like imported pork (64.6%). There was no significant difference in consumer preference for imported pork according to educational level or living area, whereas there was in the yearly income group (p<0.05). Whereas low-income consumers did not like imported pork, high-income consumers did. The royalty for purchasing of branded pork was shown "3.65" out of 5 points. Whereas there was no significant difference according to educational level, there was for living area and yearly income (p<0.05). Consumers living in large cities or having low income showed high royalty of purchase for branded pork. The royalty for purchase of imported pork was "2.08" out of 5 points. Significant differences for purchase royalty of imported pork were observed according to educational level, living area, and yearly income group (p<0.05). Consumers responded that they liked roasted pork (47.6%). Secondly, consumers liked stew (16.7%). There were no significant differences among various cooking styles in any of the groups.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.1215-1225
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• 2022

The epidemiology of parasite infection in local and imported breeds is quite an essential topic in the meat industry and human health. This study aims to determine the prevalence of Dicrocoelium dendriticum in local sheep breeds (Naemi, Najdi, and Harri) and imported breeds from Romania (Romani breed) and the epidemiology of the infection in Saudi Arabia. Morphological description, the relationship between dicrocoeliasis and sex, age, and histological changes were also presented. A total of 6845 slaughtered sheep at Riyadh Automated slaughterhouse were investigated and followed up for 4 months between 2020-2021. It included 4,680 local breeds and 2,165 imported Romanian breeds. Fecal samples and livers and gallbladders from slaughtered animals were examined for apparent pathological lesions. The results indicated that the infection rate in slaughtered animals was 10.6% in imported Romani sheep and 0.9% in the local Naeimi breed. After identifying the parasite morphologically, negative results were obtained from examining feces, gallbladders, and livers of Najdi and Harry sheep breeds. The mean number of eggs per 20 µL/gallbladder was low (72.78 ± 17.8: 76.11 ± 5.07), medium (334.59 ± 90.6: 292.91 ± 26.63), and high (1113.2 ± 22.3: 1004 ± 143.4) in imported and Naeime sheep, respectively. Significant differences were found between gender and age (males and females were 3.67% and 6.31%; > 2 years 4.39%, 1-2 years 4.22%, and 1 year 3.53%) respectively. Histopathological lesions in the liver were more pronounced. Our survey confirmed the presence of D. dendriticum in imported Romani and local Naeimi sheep, and the potential role of imported sheep in the epidemiology of dicrocoeliasis in Saudi Arabia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.772-783
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate product evaluation on consumer's buying behavior of domestic & imported golf wear brands. The questionnaires were sent to 200 consumers who play golf. The 119 data were analyzed by mean, t-test, ANOVA and chi-square. The results of the study were as follows: There were significant differences on consumers' evaluation of apparel quality on fabric and style between groups. Consumers evaluated that the imported golf wears made of more soft, light and unique fabric than domestic, and had a unique and characteristic style. The evaluation of apparel quality according to demographic information has significant difference. Consumers(46-55 ages, business managers and professional) evaluated imported brands were made of soft and light fabric. Consumers(business managers) buying imported brand evaluated dry-cleaning was inconvenient. Consumers who engaged in service industry evaluated domestic brands were easy to coordinate with other items.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.37-40
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• 1962

1) The greater parts of rail road cross tie wood in Korea have been supplied by the imported woods from foreign countries such as Formosa (Taiwan) and Japan. However on account of anatomical properties on these imported woods are not known when newly imported, identification and preservative treatment are apt to fail. Accordingly this expriment was accomplished by the need of application of anatomical properties for the preservative treatment and identification of several imported woods. 2) In this study macroscopical and microscopical properties were inspected and briefly described about four species (Cyclobalanopsis gilva Blume, Castanopsis longicaudata K. et H., Machilus longiflora Hay and Schima superba Gard et Champ) from Formosa and one (Fagus crenata, Blume) from Japan. With several native species these are important as the rail road tie wood in Korea. 3) According to the results measured values of the vessels and fibers of each tested species are as following table.