• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.415-423
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• 2021

For a battery module where single cells are connected in series, the single cells should each have a similar state of charge (SOC) to prevent them from being exposed to an overcharge or over-discharge during charge-discharge cycling. To detect the existence of unbalanced SOC cells in a battery module, we propose a simple measurement method using a single-frequency response of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). For a commercially available graphite/nickel-cobalt-aluminum-oxide lithium-ion cell, the cell impedance increases significantly below SOC20%, while the impedance in the medium SOC region (SOC20%-SOC80%) remains low with only minor changes. This impedance behavior is mostly due to the elementary processes of cathode reactions in the cell. Among the impedance values (Z, Z', Z"), the imaginary component of Z" regarding cathode reactions changes heavily as a function of SOC, in particular, when the EIS measurement is performed around 0.1 Hz. Thanks to the significant difference in the time constant of cathode reactions between ≤SOC10% and ≥SOC20%, a single-frequency EIS measurement enlarges the difference in impedance between balanced and unbalanced cells in the module and facilitates an ~80% improvement in the detection signal compared to results with conventional EIS measurements.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.698-703
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 방향성 결합기를 이용한 새로운 형태의 임피던스 튜너를 제안하였다. 이 튜너를 signal flow graph를 이용하여 해석하였고, 이 방식은 직렬 라인의 길이 변화가 어려운 single stub 방식에 비해 구현이 용이하고 double stub 방식에 비해 넓은 튜닝 범위를 가진다. 10개의 핀 다이오드를 이용하여 제작된 튜너는 10개의 스위치가 비트 형태로 동작하면서 Smith 차트 전 영역에서 $2^{10}$개의 균일한 임피던스 분포를 가지도록 설계되었다. 제작된 튜너는 $1.8{\sim}2.2GHz$의 대역폭에서 넓은 튜닝 영역을 가지며, 반사 계수 크기는 최대 0.9까지 측정되었다. 측정된 임피던스 값을 바탕으로 load-pull 시스템을 구성하였고, 전력 소자용 트랜지스터의 최적 출력단 임피던스를 찾아내었다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제43회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.153-153
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• 2012

Endpoint detection with plasma impedance monitoring and self-plasma optical emission spectroscopy is demonstrated for dielectric layers etching processes. For in-situ detecting endpoint, optical-emission spectroscopy (OES) is used for in-situ endpoint detection for plasma etching. However, the sensitivity of OES is decreased if polymer is deposited on viewport or the proportion of exposed area on the wafer is too small. To overcome these problems, the endpoint was determined by impedance signal variation from I-V monitoring (VI probe) and self-plasma optical emission spectroscopy. In addition, modified principal component analysis was applied to enhance sensitivity for small area etching. As a result, the sensitivity of this method is increased about twice better than that of OES. From plasma impedance monitoring and self-plasma optical emission spectroscopy, properties of plasma and chamber are analyzed, and real-time endpoint detection is achieved.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2007

This paper introduces an active sensing node using radio-frequency (RF) telemetry. This device has brought the traditional impedance-based structural health monitoring (SHM) technique to a new paradigm. The RF active sensing node consists of a miniaturized impedance measuring device (AD5933), a microcontroller (ATmega128L), and a radio frequency (RF) transmitter (XBee). A macro-fiber composite (MFC) patch interrogates a host structure by using a self-sensing technique of the miniaturized impedance measuring device. All the process including structural interrogation, data acquisition, signal processing, and damage diagnostic is being performed at the sensor location by the microcontroller. The RF transmitter is used to communicate the current status of the host structure. The feasibility of the proposed SHM strategy is verified through an experimental study inspecting loose bolts in a bolt-jointed aluminum structure.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.969-974
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• 2007

In this paper, a beamforming technique is introduced to measure the acoustic impedance at both normal and oblique incidence in a free field. The acoustic impedance is obtained by separating incident and reflected signals using the adaptive nulling method which is one of the various beamforming algorithms. To obtain better results, pressure vector commonly used in array signal processing is replaced with the transfer function vector between each microphone and the white Gaussian noise is suppressed by a wavelet shrinkage technique. The experiments conducted in a semi-anechoic room show that the proposed method is efficient and accurate in measuring the acoustic impedance of sound absorbing materials under a free field condition.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.434-438
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• 2009

This study was conducted to design an cone penetrometer type impedance sensor that can measure soil water content in realtime. The best width between electrical probe was determined by 5 mm. For optimization about realtime application device, linear regression analysis was applied between soil water content and impedance signal. It was concluded that proper combination of excitation frequency, impedance parameter, and model would provide acceptible performance of a soil waler content sensoe. Best model was obatained at a 36.5 MHz with |Z| as a predictor variable, with a coefficient of determination of 0.96 (RMSE=1.35, RPD=4.98).

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1997년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.924-926
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• 1997

A high impedance fault(HIF) in a power system could be due to a downed conductor, and is a dangerous situation because the current may be too small to be detected by conventional means. In this paper, HIF(High impedance fault) and LIF(Low impedance fault) detection methods were reviewed. No single defection method can detect all electrical conditions resulting from downed conductor faults, because high impedance fault have arc phenomena, asymmetry and randomness. Neural network are well-suited for solving difficult signal processing and pattern recognition problem. This paper presents the application of artificial neural network(ANN) to detect the HIF and LIF. Test results show that the neural network was able to identify the high impedance fault by real-time operation. Furthermore, neural network was able to discriminate the HIF from the LIF.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.320-320
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• 2013

Film thickness monitoring with plasma impedance monitoring (PIM) is demonstrated for small area $SiO_2$ RF plasma etching processes in this work. The chamber conditions were monitored by the impedance signal variation from the I-V monitoring system. Moreover, modified principal component analysis (mPCA) was applied to estimate the $SiO_2$ film thickness. For verification, the PIM was compared with optical emission spectroscopy (OES) signals which are widely used in the semiconductor industry. The results indicated that film thickness can be estimated by 1st principal component (PC) and 2nd PC. Film thickness monitoring of small area $SiO_2$ etching was successfully demonstrated with RF plasma harmonic impedance monitoring and mPCA. We believe that this technique can be potentially applied to plasma etching processes as a sensitive process monitoring tool.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
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• pp.194-195
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• 2006

This study evaluated the impedance characteristics of earth termination system and developed a variable frequency-typed inverter (measuring tool) for the utilization in ground design for lightning protection. The variable-frequency-typed inverter were composed of rectification part, voltage adjuster, IGBT controller and measuring part. Meanwhile, the square wave signal of variable frequency converted its frequency up to lightning surge band by using an IGBT after rectifying an alternating current (AC). It conducted performance evaluation of ground impedance of actual earth termination system by using the developed measuring tool for ground impedance and confirmed that such impedance-oriented performance evaluation was effective in the design of lightning protection.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.473-480
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• 2020

In this paper, we proposed a high frequency equivalent circuit considering parasitic impedance components for differential noise analysis on the input stage during DC-DC buck converter switching operation. Based on the proposed equivalent circuit model, we presented a method to measure parasitic impedance parameters included in DC bus plate, IGBT, and PCB track using the gain phase method of a network analyzer. In order to verify the validity of this model, a DC-DC prototype consisting of a buck converter, a signal analyzer, and a LISN device, and then resonance frequency was measured in the frequency range between 150 kHz and 30 MHz. The validity of the parasitic impedance measurement method and the proposed equivalent model is verified by deriving that the measured resonance frequency and the resonance frequency of the proposed high frequency equivalent model are the same.