• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.259.1-259.1
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• 2002

Many polysaccharides isolated from plants are considered to be biological response modifiers and have been shown to enhance various immune responses in vivo and in vitro. Here we demonstrate that a polysaccharide isolated from cell culture of Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) has a unique mode of immunostimulation with regard to its cell-type specificity. AS was found to markedly increase polyclonal IgM antibody production and the proliferation of B cells. and to activate iNOS transcription and NO production in macrophages. (omitted)

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.631-636
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• 2008

Acanthopanax divaricatus var. albeofructus (ADA) have been shown to have various levels of activity such as antioxidant, anticancer, antivirus, and immunostimulatory effects. However, little is known about its mechanism related to the modulation of immune activities. In this study, a water extract of ADA leaves were used to treat human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC) to determine the underlying mechanisms for the immunostimulatory effects. To characterize its immunomodulatory activity, the secretion level of various cytokines including IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-$\gamma$, and TNF-$\alpha$ were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Treatment of hPBMC with ADA leaf extract in an in vitro experiment induced various Th1 cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. A significant increase of IL-2, IL-12, IFN-$\gamma$, and TNF-$\alpha$ secretion was observed in the presence of ADA leaf extract. In contrast, Th2 cytokines including IL-4 and IL-6 were suppressed. There was no significant change in IL-10 release. Our results showed an increase in Th1 and a decrease in Th2 cytokine secretion which suggests that ADA may influence the immune response towards a predominance of Th1 cytokines in the immune system.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.128-140
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• 1999

To evaluate the antitumor activity, antimetastatic and immunomodulatory effects of samryongbakchulsankamibang(SBSK) studies were done experimentally, In cytotoxicity against P388, A549. SK-OV-3, B16-F10 and SK-MEL-2. concentration inhibiting cell growth up to below 40% of control was recognized at $10^{-3}g/ml$ of SBSK. In Inhibitory effect on activity of DNA topoisomerase I. the $IC_{50}$ was shown $200-400{\mu}g/ml$ of SBSK. The T/C was 154% in SBSK-treated group in S-180 bearing ICR mice, The concentration inhibiting adhesion of A549 and B16-F10 to complex extracellular matrix up to below 30% of control was recognized at $5{\times}10^{-4}$, $1{\times}10^{-3}\;g/ml$ of SBSK. In pumonary colonization assay with B16-BL/6, a number of colonies in the lungs were decreased significantly in SBSK-treated group as compared with control group, In hematological changes in B16-BL/6 injected C57BL/6, numbers of WBC and platelet were not changed significantly in SBSK-treated groups, In CAM and in vitro neovascularization assay, angiogenesis was inhibited significantly in SBSK-treated group as compared with control group. From above results it was concluded that SBSK could be usefully applied for the prevention and treatment of cancer.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1145-1149
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• 2004

Immunomodulatory feed additives might offer alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters in poultry production. This experiment was carried out to test the effect of $\beta$-glucan supplementation on the growth performance and immune response in broilers. Total of 160 day-old broilers were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups fed corn-soybean diets containing 0, 0.012, 0.025 or 0.05% of $\beta$-glucan supplement in a 6 week feeding experiment. Growth performance, antibody titer against New Castle vaccine, lymphocyte blastogensis, and peritoneal macrophage chemotaxis activity of broilers were evaluated. Results showed that there were no significant differences in weight gain and feed efficiency among the treatments, and no differences in antibody titer was observed. Supplementation of $\beta$-glucan did not elevate the lymphocyte blastogensis among treatments, following stimulation with different mitogens. However, supplementation with 0.025 and 0.05% $\beta$-glucan enhanced the macrophage chemotaxis activity of broilers. These results suggest that $\beta$-glucan may enhance some cell-mediated immune responses of chickens by modulate macrophages ability.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.126-134
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• 2010

Background: $CD8^+$ T cells contribute to the clearance of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and an insufficient $CD8^+$ T cell response may be one of the major factors leading to chronic HBV infection. Since the HBx antigen of HBV can up-regulate cellular expression of several immunomodulatory molecules, we hypothesized that HBx expression in hepatocytes might affect $CD8^+$ T cell activity. Methods: We analyzed the activation and apoptosis of $CD8^+$ T cells co-cultured with primary hepatocytes rendered capable of expressing HBx by recombinant baculovirus infection. Results: Expression of HBx in hepatocytes induced low production of $interferon-{\gamma}$ and apoptosis of CD8+ T cells, with no effect on CD8 T cell proliferation. However, transcriptional levels of H-2K, ICAM-1 and PD-1 ligand did not correlate with HBx expression in hepatocytes. Conclusion: Our results suggest that HBx may inhibit $CD8^+$ T cell response by regulation of $interferon-{\gamma}$ production and apoptosis.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.90-99
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• 2003

There are several data in the literature indicating a great variety of pharmacological activities of Polypodium genus, which exhibit antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Since one of our main interests is to obtain natural immunoregulatory agents devoid of pharmacological adverse effects, we used flow cytometry analysis to highlight relative contributions of a water-soluble fraction of different concentrations of Polypodium rhizome extracts on lymphocyte subpopulations, NK and LAK activity. To measure their potential immunoregulatory activity a T cell proliferation assay in response to phytohemaglutinin (PHA) and mixed lymphocyte reactions were chosen. As a confirmatory bioassay we studied the effect of our extracts on CD45RO and CD95 antigen expressions. The results indicate that CD95 expression dramatically increases after peripheral blood lymphocyte activation and treatment with Polypodium leucotomus, cambricum and vulgare extracts, suggesting a powerful intrinsic pro-apoptotic effect.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 1981

The clinical need for agents to modify immune response in the treatment of viral infection has lead to an increased interest in cellular and biochemical mechanisms regulating the immune response and to the development of a variety of biological and chemical substance with immunomodulatory activity. Inosiplex has shown antiviral activity in tissue culture, animal models and huamn studies through augmentation of immune response. However, the effect of inosiplex on immune response in animal has not been extensively analyzed, and the effect of inosiplex on immune response has been paradoxical depending on the time of administration of inosiplex in relation to that of antigen. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess the effect of inosiplex on the immune response to sheep red blood cells(SRBC) in normal and viral infected mice. Inosiplex increased cellular immune response and plaque forming lymphocyte response to SRBC, decreased the recovery of S. typhimurium from infected mice spleen, and restored the depressed cellular immune response by measle and newcastle disease virus infections. All of the above results were observed only when inosiplex was given after immunization but did not when given before immunization. These results indicate that inosiplex stimulate the efferent are of immune response and may even block the afferent are, and suggest that inosiplex is a very promising drug in therapy of many viral infections.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1937-1941
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• 2014

Aims: To evaluate anti-cancer activity of Asparagus racemosus (AR) leaf extract on UOK146, a renal cell carcinoma cell line, and explore its mechanism of action. Materials and Methods: Dried AR leaves were extracted with chloroform and dissolved in DMSO. This extract was applied to UOK146 and cell death was estimated by MTT assay. In addition PRCC-TFE3 fusion transcripts were detected by real time PCR. Results: Extract was found to be cytotoxic with an $IC_{50}$ of 0.9 mg/ml as estimated by dose response curve. Antitumor activity of the permissible doses of the extract was assessed by the down regulation of PRCC-TFE3 fusion transcript (38%) responsible for oncogenicity of the UOK146 cell line. No increment in the BAX, a proapoptotic marker level was observed. Conclusions: Evidence of antiproliferative effect, PRCC-TFE3 fusion transcript inhibition and static BAX level clearly indicate that AR extract provides or elicits an apoptosis independent anticancer effect on RCC cells by some specific mechanism of regulation.

• 생약학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2009

The immunomodulatory activities of the ethanol extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum, termed hereafter as GPE, were examined in immunosuppressed mice as well as in normal mice in the present study. Oral administration of GPE into mice prevented dexamethasone (DEX)-induced immunosuppression as determined by the mitogen-induced proliferation of the splenocytes and the the cytokine production (TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$) in the whole blood culture. In addition, oral administration of GPE increased antitumor host defense in mice implanted with sarcoma-180 tumor cells. The immunoaugmenting activity of orally administered GPE was also confirmed in mice immunized with ovalbumin (OVA). Mice that were orally administered with GPE generated much more potent OVA-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses upon intravenous OVA injection compared to the untreated controls. These results demonstrate that oral administration of the ethanol extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum could be useful to increase host defense in immunocompromised situations such as stress- or tumor-induced immunosuppression.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1984년도 학술대회지
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• pp.225-232
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• 1984

인삼은 외적 유해인자에 대한 비특이적 생체 저항력을 증진시켜주며 물리적, 화학적, 생물학적인 외적 변화에 대해 adaptogen으로서 작용한다. 인삼은 말초혈액 림파구에 의한 면역 인터페론 합성을 촉진시키며, 바이러스에 감염된 흰쥐에 대해 치료효과가 뚜렷하다. 인삼을 Semliki forest virus(SFV) 감염전후 계속 경구투여하면 $34{\~}40\%$의 보호 효과가 있었다. 인삼투여로 세포의 항체생성능이 증가되었으며, sheep의 적혈구 세포에 대한 혈행항체의 역가가 증진되었다. 또한 SFV 항원에 대한 면역성도 높아졌으며, N.K. 세포의 활성도도 크게 증가되었다. Aspergillus Ochraceus ATCC 28706 균주에서 추출한 6-MFA는 인터페론 유도물질 (inducer)로서 잘 알려져 있으며 두 종류의 인터페론, 즉 산성 용액에서 안정한 인터페론과 불안정한 인터페론을 유도시킨다. 인삼은 이들 두 종류의 인터페론 생성을 모두 증진시킨다. 동물실험 결과 6-MFA를 단독 처리하면 SFV 감염에 의해 낮은 보호작용을 보이나, 인삼투여를 병용하면 SFV 감염을 $100{\%}$ 완전히 방지할 수 있었다.