• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.119-130
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• 2020

With the current rapid growth and increase in the world's population, the demand for nutritious food and fibers and fuel will increase. Therefore, there is a serious need for the use of breeding programs with the full potential to produce high-yielding crops. However, existing breeding techniques are unable to meet the demand criteria even though genotyping techniques have significantly progressed with the discovery of molecular markers and next-generation sequencing tools, and conventional phenotyping techniques lag behind. Well-organized high-throughput plant phenotyping platforms have been established recently and developed in different parts of the world to address this problem. These platforms use several imaging techniques and technologies to acquire data for quantitative studies related to plant growth, yield, and adaptation to various types of abiotic or biotic stresses (drought, nutrient, disease, salinity, etc.). Phenotyping has become an impediment in genomics studies of plant breeding. In recent years, phenomics, an emerging domain that entails characterizing the full set of phenotypes in a given species, has appeared as a novel approach to enhance genomics data in breeding programs. Imaging techniques are of substantial importance in phenomics. In this study, the importance of current imaging technologies and their applications in plant phenotyping are reviewed, and their advantages and limitations in phenomics are highlighted.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.1021-1033
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• 2021

Objective: To assess the expression of vascular normalization genes in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer and to determine whether molecular subtypes with a higher vascular normalization gene expression can be identified using dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Materials and Methods: This prospective study evaluated 306 female (mean age ± standard deviation, 50 ± 10 years), recruited between January 2014 and August 2017, who had de novo breast cancer larger than 1 cm in diameter (308 tumors). DCE MRI followed by IVIM DWI studies using 11 different b-values (0 to 1200 s/mm²) were performed on a 1.5T MRI system. The Tofts model and segmented biexponential IVIM analysis were used. For each tumor, the molecular subtype (according to six [I-VI] subtypes and PAM50 subtypes), expression profile of genes for vascular normalization, pericytes, and normal vascular signatures were determined using freshly frozen tissue. Statistical associations between imaging parameters and molecular subtypes were examined using logistic regression or linear regression with a significance level of p = 0.05. Results: Breast cancer subtypes III and VI and PAM50 subtypes luminal A and normal-like exhibited a higher expression of genes for vascular normalization, pericyte markers, and normal vessel function signature (p < 0.001 for all) compared to other subtypes. Subtypes III and VI and PAM50 subtypes luminal A and normal-like, versus the remaining subtypes, showed significant associations with K^trans, k_ep, v_p, and IAUGC_BN90 on DEC MRI, with relatively smaller values in the former. The subtype grouping was significantly associated with D, with relatively less restricted diffusion in subtypes III and VI and PAM50 subtypes luminal A and normal-like. Conclusion: DCE MRI and IVIM parameters may identify molecular subtypes of breast cancers with a different vascular normalization gene expression.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.291-299
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• 2016

Human hydatid disease (cystic echinococcosis, CE) is a chronic parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. As the disease mainly affects the liver, approximately 70% of all identified CE cases are detected in this organ. Optical molecular imaging (OMI), a noninvasive imaging technique, has never been used in vivo with the specific molecular markers of CE. Thus, we aimed to construct an in vivo fluorescent imaging mouse model of CE to locate and quantify the presence of the parasites within the liver noninvasively. Drug-treated protoscolices were monitored after marking by JC-1 dye in in vitro and in vivo studies. This work describes for the first time the successful construction of an in vivo model of E. granulosus in a small living experimental animal to achieve dynamic monitoring and observation of multiple time points of the infection course. Using this model, we quantified and analyzed labeled protoscolices based on the intensities of their red and green fluorescence. Interestingly, the ratio of red to green fluorescence intensity not only revealed the location of protoscolices but also determined the viability of the parasites in vivo and in vivo tests. The noninvasive imaging model proposed in this work will be further studied for long-term detection and observation and may potentially be widely utilized in susceptibility testing and therapeutic effect evaluation.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.266-280
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• 2021

Advances in radiomics and deep learning (DL) hold great potential to be at the forefront of precision medicine for the treatment of patients with brain metastases. Radiomics and DL can aid clinical decision-making by enabling accurate diagnosis, facilitating the identification of molecular markers, providing accurate prognoses, and monitoring treatment response. In this review, we summarize the clinical background, unmet needs, and current state of research of radiomics and DL for the treatment of brain metastases. The promises, pitfalls, and future roadmap of radiomics and DL in brain metastases are addressed as well.

• 대한방사성의약품학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2022

Bombesin has a high binding affinity to gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) and can be used as a targeting ligand in GRPR-related cancers. Because GRPR is overexpressed in prostate cancer, bombesin analogues have been investigated extensively for diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. In nuclear medicine, bombesin derivatives labeled with radiometals such as ^55/57Co, ⁶⁴Cu, ⁶⁸Ga, ^99mTc, and ¹⁷⁷Lu or radiohalogen such as ¹³¹I and ²¹¹At were developed as markers for early detection of tumors and theragnostic tool for cancer treatment. This review focuses on the introduction of bombesin-based radiopharmaceuticals that are studied in pre-clinical or clinical research.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.120-128
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• 2009

목적: 대장암 재발의 조기진단은 생존율을 증가시키는 중요한 인자이다. 대장암의 재발이나 전이를 진단하는데 있어 혈청 CEA, CA 19-9 등의 종양표지 자와 CT 등의 가장 많이 이용되어 왔고 최근 새로운 진단기술로서 PET/CT의 이용이 증가되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 근치적 수술을 포함한 치료를 시행하고 재발이나 전이의 증거가 없었던 상태에서 추적관찰을 받았던 대장암 환자에서 FDG PET/CT의 정기 추적 검사로서의 진단 성능을 혈청 CEA, CA 19-9, CT와 비교하고자 시행하였다 대상 및 방법: 수술적 치료 후 추적관찰 중인 대장암 환자 189명을 대상으로 하였다. PET/CT상에서 관찰된 비정상적인 FDG 섭취 증가 병소는 생검이나 6개월 이상 방사선학적 검사의 추적관찰로서 전이여부 판단하였다. PET/CT시행시기에서 6주 이내에 모든 환자에서 혈청 CEA, 174명의 환자에서 CA 19-9를 측정하였다. 115명의 환자에서 PET/CT 시행 시기 2개월 이내에 CT를 시행하였다. PET/CT 상에서 관찰된 비정상적인 FDG 셥취 증가 병소는 생검이나 6개월 이내의 방사선학적 검사와 임상적 진단의 추적 관찰로 재발이나 전이 병소로 진단하였다. 결과: 국소적 재발 및 전이가 발견된 환자는 76명(40.2%)이었다. 재발 또는 전이 병소는 총 81개였고 간과 폐에서 29개와 16개로 가장 많이 나타났다. PET/CT의 민감도, 특이도, 양성예측도, 음성예측도는 94.7%, 91.1%, 87.8%, 96.2%이고 혈청 CEA 치수는 44.7%, 97.3%, 91.8%, 72.3%였다. 종양표지 자와 PET/CT와의 비교에서는 PET/CT가 종양표지 자보다 민감도(94.2%, 52.1%)와 특이도(90.4%, 88.5%)가 높았다. 종양표지자와 CT를 종합하여 PET/CT와 비교하였을 때 민감도는 92.9%로 동일하였지만 특이도는 PET/CT가 91.3%로 높았다. 결론: 이러한 결과로 보아 FDG PET/CT가 근치적 절제술 후 대장암의 정기적 추적 관찰에도 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 소동물 생체내 실험시 서로 다른 장비에서 획득된 영상의 융합 및 정합을 위한 방법을 제안한다. 마우스의 꼬리 정맥에 $[[^{18}F]FDG$를 주사하여 60분 섭취후 서로 다른 장비에서 동일한 위치의 영상을 획득하기 위하여 아크릴 재질의 소동물 가이드에 기준마크를 설정하고 microPET과 CT 영상을 획득하였다. MicroPET으로 획득된 리스트모드(list-mode) 데이터는 Fourier Rebinning(FRB) 방법을 사용하여 사이노그램(Sinogram)으로 변환 후 4 번의 반복횟수를 가지는 Ordered Subset Expectation Maximization(OSEM) 알고리즘으로 재구성하였다. MicroPET 영상획득후 PET/CT의 CT를 이용하여 CT영상을 획득하였다. MicroPET 영상에서 폐영역을 정확히 찾아내는 어려움이 있어. 해부학적 정보를 제공하는 CT 영상을 이용하여 폐 영역을 구분하였다. 영상 융합을 위한 불일치 부분을 해결하기 위하여 기준마크의 정보와 폐 영역의 정보를 이용하여 회전과 이동정보를 가지는 어파인 (affine) 변환 행렬 구하여 영상 정합에 사용하였다. 이 방법은 정량적 정확성과 영상 해석의 정확성을 개선할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2019

Background: Although magnetic resonance imaging is accurate, it is expensive to measure the movement of temporomandibular joint. The three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis system is an inexpensive measurement tool. Objects: This study examined the reliability of quantifying the mouth opening and lateral mandibular shift and differences between individuals with and without temporomandibular disorder (TMD) using the hygienic method of surface markers on the skin with 3D ultrasound-based motion analysis. Methods: This study included 24 subjects (12 with and 12 without TMD). Temporomandibular joint motion during mouth opening was recorded using two surface markers with 3D ultrasound-based motion analysis. An intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC (3,k)] was used to confirm the intrarater reliability of quantifying kinematic temporomandibular joint motion, and an independent t-test was used to evaluate differences in maximal mouth opening and lateral mandibular shift between the two groups. Results: Assessment of mouth opening and lateral mandibular shift showed excellent test-retest reliability with low standard error of measurement. The lateral mandibular shift and opening-lateral mandibular shift ratio were significantly increased in the TMD group during maximum mouth opening (p<.05). However, no significant difference in maximal mouth opening was observed between the groups with and without TMD (p>.05). Conclusion: This hygienic and simple surface marker method can be used to quantify the mouth opening and lateral mandibular shift at the end-range of mouth opening. The TMD group showed an increased lateral mandibular shift movement at the end-range of mouth opening. The lateral mandibular shift movement can be regarded as a symptom in the diagnosis and treatment of TMD.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.499-506
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• 2022

Objective : We conducted this study with the aim of predicting the biological behavior of meningiomas, and determining the benefits of associating histological subtype and grade with the expression of proliferative markers and tumor suppressor proteins. Methods : The study included 29 patients with primary intracranial and intraspinal meningioma diagnosed in the pathology laboratory of Konya City Hospital between January 2014 and December 2020. Clinicopathological characteristics of the patients including parameters such as age and gender were obtained from the hospital records. Histopathological findings were obtained by re-evaluating the preparations stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin, which were extracted from the archive, and by evaluating new sections obtained from paraffin blocks of patients stained with Ki67, p53, and p57 immunohistochemical stains. Results : A moderate correlation was found between tumor size and Ki67 proliferation index (PI) (p=0.003, r=0.530). There was no significant difference between grade I and grade II tumors in terms of p53 (p=0.184) and p57 (p=0.487) expressions. There were higher levels of Ki67 PI in grade II tumors. The histological subtypes of the tumor had no significant difference with Ki67 PI (p=0.018), p53 (p=0.662), and p57 (p=0.368) expressions. Conclusion : In order to obtain more definitive results, there is a need for studies, which are conducted with a greater number of patients and in multiple centers, and in which a long prospective follow-up is planned. The combination of histological, surgical, and imaging markers could make a more sensitive tool for predicting recurrence, and this could also be tested in future studies.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제51권
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• pp.20.1-20.12
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• 2021

We explored the link between mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial morphology using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in lymphoblasts of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients and compared these characteristics between tumors and control samples. Gene expression of mitochondrial biogenesis markers was analysed in 23 ALL patients and 18 controls and TEM for morphology analysis was done in 15 ALL patients and 9 healthy controls. The area occupied by mitochondria per cell and the cristae cross-sectional area was observed to be significantly higher in patients than in controls (p-value=0.0468 and p-value<0.0001, respectively). The mtDNA copy numbers, TFAM, POLG, and c-myc gene expression were significantly higher in ALL patients than controls (all p-values<0.01). Gene Expression of PGC-1α was higher in tumor samples. The analysis of the correlation between PGC-1α expression and morphology parameters i.e., both M/C ratio and cristae cross-sectional area revealed a positive trend (r=0.3, p=0.1). The increased area occupied by mitochondria and increased cristae area support the occurrence of cristae remodelling in ALL. These changes might reflect alterations in cristae dynamics to support the metabolic state of the cells by forming a more condensed network. Ultrastructural imaging can be useful for affirming changes occurring at a subcellular organellar level.