• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.98-105
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• 2004

In this paper, we proposed a watermarking algorithm for embedding visually recognizable pattern into the middle-frequency part:; of image. Binary image as watermark is embedded in the LH2, HL2 and HH2 band of wavelet transformed domain for copyright protection of image data. To evaluate robustness of the proposed method, we applied some basic algorithm of image processing such as scaling, filtering, cropping, histogram equalizing and lossy compression(JPEG, gif). As a result of experiment, the proposed method has the good image quality and the high perceptibility of watermark. It was demonstrated by experiments that the proposed algorithm can provide an excellent protection under various attacks.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.691-694
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• 2003

This paper proposes an 3D face image watermarking method based on discrete wavelet transform(DWT). First, 3D face image are transformed by DWT and inserted gaussian watermark into frequency domain. To increase the robustness and perceptual invisibility of watermark, the proposed algorithm is combined with the characteristics of 3D face image and human visual system. The proposed method is invisible and blind watermarking which the original image is not required. Simulation results show that the proposed method is robust to the general attack such as JPEG compression, enhancement, noise, cropping, and filtering etc.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.1C
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• pp.62-67
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• 2008

In this paper, wavelet based blind watermarking using self-reference method is proposed. First, we process wavelet transform of original image. Then, we set all domain except for the low-frequency domain to zero and make self-reference image after wavelet reverse transformation. By choosing specific domain according to the pixel value difference between original image and self-reference image, we make random sequence, use as watermark and embed. The experimental results of the watermark embedding and extraction on various images show that the proposed scheme not only has good image quality, but also has stability on JPEG lossy compression, filtering, sharpening, blurring and noise.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1165-1168
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• 2005

This paper proposes an digital image watermarking method based on discrete wavelet transform(DWT) and spatial perceptual properties of human visula system. first, an digital image is transformed by DWT and inserted gaussian watermark into the frequency domain. To increase the robustness and perceptual invisibility of watermark, the proposed algorithm is combined with the characteristics of digital image and human visual system. The proposed method is invisible and blind watermarking which the original image is not required to detect watermarks. Simulation results show that the proposed method is robust to the general attack such as JPEG compression, enhancement, noise, cropping, and filtering etc.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.27-34
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• 2003

Digital image manipulation software is now readily available on personal computers. It is therefore very simple to tamper with any image and make it available to others. Therefore. copyright protection of digital contents and insurance of digital image integrity become major issues. In this paper, we propose a hybrid watermarking method to identify locations of tampered region as well as copyright. Our proposed algorithms embed the PN-sequence into low frequency sub-band of the wavelet transform domain and it doesn't need the original image in extraction procedure. The experimental results show good robustness against any signal processing with tamper detection on still image.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.8
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• pp.579-588
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• 2013

This paper proposes an effective watermarking approach for copyright protection of fire video images. The proposed watermarking approach efficiently utilizes the inherent characteristics of fire data with respect to color and texture by using a gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering. GLCM is used to generate a texture feature dataset by computing energy and homogeneity properties for each candidate fire image block. FCM is used to segment color of the fire image and to select fire texture blocks for embedding watermarks. Each selected block is then decomposed into a one-level wavelet structure with four subbands [LL, LH, HL, HH] using a discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and LH subband coefficients with a gain factor are selected for embedding watermark, where the visibility of the image does not affect. Experimental results show that the proposed watermarking approach achieves about 48 dB of high peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and 1.6 to 2.0 of low M-singular value decomposition (M-SVD) values. In addition, the proposed approach outperforms conventional image watermarking approach in terms of normalized correlation (NC) values against several image processing attacks including noise addition, filtering, cropping, and JPEG compression.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.863-867
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• 2021

In this paper, in order to hide the watermark in the LSB of the color image, a color image watermarking technique with high security is proposed by using the adjacent pixels of the image and the spatial encryption technique. According to the technique proposed in this paper, the quality of the stego-image generated by hiding the watermark in the LSB of the color image is so excellent that the difference from the original image cannot be recognized, and the original watermark can be extracted from the stego-image without loss. If the watermark is hidden in the image using the proposed technique, the security of the watermark is maintained very high because the watermark hidden in the stego-image is multi-encrypted. The proposed watermarking technique can be used in applications such as military and intellectual property protection that require high security.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.15B no.4
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• pp.293-300
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• 2008

This paper takes a bottom-up attention module into consideration for digital image watermarking. A bottom-up attention module is employed to obtain the region of interest, and watermark information is embedded into the obtained region. Previous studies in digital image watermarking have been focused on the signal processing techniques, especially in waveform coding spreading watermarks over the entire target image. However, we notice that the third party's visual attention is usually concentrated on a few regions in an image but not on all of them. These regions are easy to be the target of attacks. If watermark information is inserted into these regions from the beginning, it can be detected with high correlation. Various kinds of images are tested, and the results showed good quality.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.888-900
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• 2015

This paper proposes a blind watermarking scheme using DWT satisfying robustness, invisibility, and security to protect the ownership of digital image contents. This scheme does not determine any watermarking position by local image information. It rather inserts the watermark information into all the four lowest frequency subbands after transforming the host image by n-level 2-dimensional DWT, depending on, the sizes of the host image and the watermark data. Its watermark insertion methodology uses some weighting factors according to the kind of the subband and its energy level to adjust the invisibility and the robustness of the watermark. This method is experimented for various pixel-value change attacks and geometric attacks with various images having different resolutions and aspect ratios. With the experimental results and by comparing with existing methods, we show that the proposed method has a great deal of general usage with good watermark invisibility and good robustness against attacks.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.73-86
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• 2004

This paper presents a hybrid digital watermarking scheme for color images, We insert two watermarks in the DWT domain using spread-spectrum correlation-based watermarking in luminance component of the color image and in spatial domain using pixel-value substitution of blue channel of color image. The objectives of this paper are to have the watermark robust to common signal processing and to detect any changes on the watermarked image for tamper detection at the same time. This watermark scheme will have the robustness characteristic as typical in frequency domain watermark, and also ability to detect any changes on the image (tamper detection).