• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제54권10호
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• pp.604-614
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• 2005

Color segmentation takes great attentions since a color is an effective and robust visual cue for characterizing one object from other objects. Color segmentation is, however, suffered from color variation induced from irregular illumination changes. This paper proposes a reliable color modeling approach in HSI (Hue-Saturation-Intensity) rotor space considering intensity information by adopting B-spline curve fitting to make a mathematical model for statistical characteristics of a color with respect to brightness. It is based on the fact that color distribution of a single-colored object is not invariant with respect to brightness variations even in HS (Hue-Saturation) plane. The proposed approach is applied for the segmentation of human skin areas successfully under various illumination conditions.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1030-1035
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• 2014

Machine vision inspection systems have replaced human inspectors in defect inspection fields for several decades. However, the inspection results of machine vision are often affected by small changes of illumination. When small changes of illumination appear in image histograms, the influence of illumination can be decreased by transformation of the histogram. In this paper, we propose an enhanced histogram matching algorithm which corrects distorted histograms by variations of illumination. We use the resolution resizing method for an optimal matching of input and reference histograms and reduction of quantization errors from the digitizing process. The proposed algorithm aims not only for improvement of the accuracy of defect detection, but also robustness against variations of illumination in machine vision inspection. The experimental results show that the proposed method maintains uniform inspection error rates under dramatic illumination changes whereas the conventional inspection method reveals inconsistent inspection results in the same illumination conditions.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.738-744
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• 2016

In this paper, a robust visual odometry system has been proposed and implemented in an environment with dynamic illumination. Visual odometry is based on stereo images to estimate the distance to an object. It is very difficult to realize a highly accurate and stable estimation because image quality is highly dependent on the illumination, which is a major disadvantage of visual odometry. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of low performance during the feature detection phase that is caused by illumination variations, it is suggested to determine an optimal threshold value in the image binarization and to use an adaptive threshold value for feature detection. A feature point direction and a magnitude of the motion vector that is not uniform are utilized as the features. The performance of feature detection has been improved by the RANSAC algorithm. As a result, the position of a mobile robot has been estimated using the feature points. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed approach has superior performance against illumination variations.

• 한국HCI학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2011

본 논문은 얼굴 영상을 합성할 때 조명 변화에 강인하도록 조명 보정 기법과 푸아송 영상 처리 기법을 결합한 얼굴 합성 방법을 제시한다. 제시된 방법은 얼굴 영상으로부터 자동적으로 피부 영역을 검출하고, 합성할 부위에서 합성 결과에 영향을 주는 세츄레이션된 부분을 보정한 후 최종적으로 대상 얼굴 영상에 합성하게 된다. 개발된 방법은 카메라가 부착된 모바일 기기에서 촬영된 영상 등에서 자주 발생할 수 있는 조명변화를 보완하여 다양한 얼굴합성 응용 분야에 활용될 수 있다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.25-44
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• 2010

With the increasing popularity of mobile devices, it has become necessary to protect private information and content in these devices. Face recognition has been favored over conventional passwords or security keys, because it can be easily implemented using a built-in camera, while providing user convenience. However, because mobile devices can be used both indoors and outdoors, there can be many illumination changes, which can reduce the accuracy of face recognition. Therefore, we propose a new face recognition method on a mobile device robust to illumination variations. This research makes the following four original contributions. First, we compared the performance of face recognition with illumination variations on mobile devices for several illumination normalization procedures suitable for mobile devices with low processing power. These include the Retinex filter, histogram equalization and histogram stretching. Second, we compared the performance for global and local methods of face recognition such as PCA (Principal Component Analysis), LNMF (Local Non-negative Matrix Factorization) and LBP (Local Binary Pattern) using an integer-based kernel suitable for mobile devices having low processing power. Third, the characteristics of each method according to the illumination va iations are analyzed. Fourth, we use two matching scores for several methods of illumination normalization, Retinex and histogram stretching, which show the best and $2^{nd}$ best performances, respectively. These are used as the inputs of an SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifier, which can increase the accuracy of face recognition. Experimental results with two databases (data collected by a mobile device and the AR database) showed that the accuracy of face recognition achieved by the proposed method was superior to that of other methods.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.32-39
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• 2004

The color-based vision systems have been used to recognize our team robots, the opponent team robots and a ball in the robot soccer system. The color-based vision systems have the difficulty in that they are very sensitive to color variations brought by brightness changes. In this paper, a neural network trained with data obtained from various illumination conditions is used to classify colors in the modified YUV color space for the robot soccer vision system. For this, a new method to measure brightness is proposed by use of a color card. After the neural network is constructed, a look-up-table is generated to replace the neural network in order to reduce the computation time. Experimental results show that the proposed color classification method is robust under illumination variations.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2006

This paper is concerned with the template-based face recognition from robot camera images with illumination and distance variations. The approaches used in this paper consist of Eigenface, Fisherface, and Icaface which are the most representative recognition techniques frequently used in conjunction with face recognition. These approaches are based on a popular unsupervised and supervised statistical technique that supports finding useful image representations, respectively. Thus we focus on the performance comparison from robot camera images with unwanted variations. The comprehensive experiments are completed for a databases with illumination and distance variations.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2010

다양한 조명 환경에서 강인한 얼굴 인식 성취는 어렵다. 조명에 강인한 얼굴 인식을 위해서 보통 전처리 단계로 얼굴 이미지 조명 정규화를 수행한다. 기존 조명 전처리 기법들은 투영 음영을 효과적으로 처리할 수 없다. 본 논문에서는 조명 영향 분리 얼굴 고유특성 텍스쳐 부분공간에 기반한 새로운 얼굴 조명 정규화 기법을 제안한다. 조명분리 얼굴 고유특성 텍스쳐 부분 공간은 얼굴 텍스쳐 공간에서 조명 변화 영향이 분리된 부분공간으로 구축되기 때문에 얼굴 이미지를 이 부분공간으로 투영하여 얻은 얼굴 이미지는 조명 변화 영향이 최소화된 좋은 조명 정규화를 달성한다. 실험을 통해 본 논문에서 제안한 얼굴 조명정규화 기법이 표면 음영뿐만 아니라 투영 음영도 효과적으로 제거할 수 있으며, 좋은 얼굴 조명 정규화를 달성한다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
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• pp.478-486
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• 1993

For satisfactory greenhouse culture, environmental factors must be kept in proper conditions. Therefore, it is important to know relations between environmental conditions and greenhouse systems. In this study, the environment variations and distributions in different types of greenhouses were measured and analyzed. The elements of environment analyzed were temperature , relative humidity, illumination, carbon dioxide and wind velocity. The analyzed greenhouse types were three different types. One of them, A type, was propagation model type by government and the other one, B type, was multiple continuous arches type which was made by farmers himself. The last one, C type, was single arch type which has no environment control system without manual temperature keeping method. The results of this study can be used for reasonable greenhouse environments managements and control.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2008

성공적인 상업화를 위해서는 다양한 조명 환경에서 신뢰성 있는 얼굴 인식이 필요하다. 특징 벡터 기반 얼굴 인식에서 특징 벡터를 잘 선택하는 것은 중요하다. 가버 특징 벡터는 다른 특징 벡터보다도 상대적으로 방향, 자세, 조명 등의 영향을 덜 받는 것으로 잘 알려져 있어 얼굴 인식의 특징 벡터로 많이 이용된다. 그러나 조명의 영향에 대해 완전히 독립적이지 못하다. 본 논문에서는 얼굴 이미지의 가버 특징 벡터에 대한 조명 PCA 모델의 구성을 제안하고 이를 이용하여 조명에 독립적인 얼굴 고유의 특성을 나타내는 가버 특징 벡터만을 분리해내고 이를 이용한 얼굴 인식 방법을 제시한다. 가버 특징 벡터 조명 PCA 모델은 가버 특징 벡터공간을 조명 영향 부분공간과 얼굴 고유특성 부분공간의 직교 분해로 구성한다. 얼굴 고유특성 부분공간으로 투영하여 얻어진 가버 특징 벡터는 조명 영향을 분리해 내었기 때문에 이를 이용한 얼굴 인식은 조명에 보다 강인하게 된다. 실험을 통해서 가버 특징 벡터 조명 PCA 모델을 이용한 제안된 얼굴 인식 방식이 다양한 자세에서 조명에 대해 보다 신뢰성 있게 동작함을 확인하였다.