• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.1886-1894
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• 2021

Objective: Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) play a critical role in animal growth rates. We aimed to investigate the effect of GH and IGF-I genotypes on body weight (BW), dominance, and gene expression in slow-growing chickens at different ages. Methods: A total of 613 Korat chickens (KRs) were bred and divided into three groups by genotype - A1A1, A1A3, and A3A3 for GH and AA, AC, and CC for IGF-I. Chickens were weighed every two weeks, and liver and breast muscle tissues were collected at 10 weeks of age. Genetic parameters of KRs were estimated using ASReml software. The GH and IGF-I mRNA levels were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Significant differences between traits were analyzed using the generalized linear model. Results: A significant effect of GH genotypes on BW was found at most ages, and the A1A1 genotype had the highest value of BW. Compared with the A3A3 genotype, the A1A1 and A1A3 genotypes showed a higher dominance effect at 0 and 2 weeks, and genotype A1A1 had the highest value of dominance at 8 weeks of age. A difference in GH mRNA levels between genotypes was detected in breast muscle at 6 weeks and in the liver tissue at 2 weeks. In the case of IGF-I gene, the AA genotype had the highest BW at the beginning of life. Significant differences in BW dominance were found at 2 weeks. However, IGF-I mRNA levels were not different among genotypes in both breast muscles and liver tissues. Conclusion: Our results revealed that GH and IGF-I influence growth, but may not be involved in heterosis. GH can be used as a marker gene in selection programs for growth because the homozygous genotype (A1A1) had the highest BW at all ages. The IGF-I is not a useful marker gene for selection programs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.182-187
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• 2010

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the levels of hormones (progesterone, IGF-I and IGFBP-3) in blood plasma, growth, carcass traits and their interactions of sexually immature (n = 18) and sexually mature (n = 17) gilts. To calculate average daily weight gain (ADG), gilts were individually weighed at the beginning of the trial and at slaughter (110${\pm}$10 days old). Blood concentrations of progesterone, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were determined by RIA. The right hot carcass sides were dissected and the individual basic parts from carcasses were weighed to record the carcass traits. IGFBP-3, ADG and carcass traits were not affected by pubertal maturation. Compared to sexually immature gilts, mature gilts had higher blood concentrations of progesterone and IGF-I. High correlations were noted between levels of some hormonal substances, productive performance and carcass traits of sexually immature and mature gilts.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.383-392
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• 2003

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) are important regulators on the development of maternal tissues during pregnancy. This study was performed to examine the relationship between maternal IGFs/IGFBPs system (i.e: IGF-I, II, their receptors, and IGFBPs) in pre- and post-partum rats. The liver and kidney are important organs for the synthesis of IGFs and IGFBPs in adults. The levels of materanal IGFs and IGFBPs in serum, liver, and kidney were examined at 14 and 21 days of gestation and at 3, 7, 11, and 14 days after birth. The expression of IGFs and their receptors mRNA was also examined in fetal and maternal rat liver, kidney. IGF-I concentrations in maternal serum and liver were decreased during pregnancy. However, IGF-I concentration in maternal kidney was increased, having maximal effect at 14 days of gestation. IGF-I concentrations were decreased in serum, liver, and kidney of postpartum rat, compared to control (p < 0.05). On the other hand, IGF-II concentrations in serum, liver, and kidney were increased during pregnancy (p<0.05) and gradually decreased to control level in postpartum period. The levels of IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-2 are expressed in serum, liver, and kidney. However, IGFBP-3 is mainly expressed in serum and liver, and IGFBP-2 in kidney. The levels of IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-2 in maternal serum were markedly decreased during pregnancy and gradually recovered to control level during postpartum period by western ligand blotting. However, there was no change of IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-2 levels by western immunoblotting. The levels of IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-2 in maternal liver and kidney also showed the same pattern of serum, although the main IGFBP is different. In normal rat serum, IGF-I 150 kDa and 50 kDa carrier proteins were detected. The level of IGF-I 150 kDa carrier proteins in pregnant rat was decreased compared to normal rat, but that of 50 kDa carrier proteins was increased. IGFBP-3 protease activity was identified in pregnant rat serum and maternal placenta, and it was inhibited by EDTA ($Ca^{2+}$ chelating agent) and aprotinin (serine proteinase inhibitor). Taken together, these results suggest that the changes of IGFs and IGFBPs in maternal rats are regulated by liver and kidney IGFs and their receptors mRNA during the pregnancy.

• BMB Reports
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.342-347
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• 2015

The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important diagnostic marker for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, which lack three hormonal receptors: estrogen and progesterone receptors as well as epidermal growth factor receptor 2. EGFR transactivation can cause drug resistance in many cancers including TNBC, but the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that insulin treatment induces EGFR activation by stimulating the interaction of EGFR with insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R) in the MDA-MB-436 TNBC cell line. These cells express low levels of EGFR, while exhibiting high levels of IGF-1R expression and phosphorylation. Low-EGFRexpressing MDA-MB-436 cells show high sensitivity to insulinstimulated cell growth. Therefore, unexpectedly, insulin stimulation induced EGFR transactivation by regulating its interaction with IGF-1R in low-EGFR-expressing TNBC cells. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(6): 342-347]

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2017

In this study, we evaluated the effects of various hypothermic conditions ($32^{\circ}C$), including lithium chloride treatment, on insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) gene expression in PC12 cells. The results show that short-term hypothermic treatment (<1 day) resulted in relatively higher IGF-1 gene expression than did longer-term treatment (>1 day). Repeated switching between normal temperature and hypothermia every 2 h increased IGF-1 gene expression approximately 3-4-fold. These findings indicate that hypothermia dynamically regulates IGF-1 gene expression. This study could be helpful for the development of treatment and diagnostic strategies for ischemia.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권23호
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• pp.10085-10089
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• 2015

Background: The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system comprises a group of proteins that play key roles in regulating cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis in a variety of cellular systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) in hepatocellular carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Expression of IGF2, IGFBP3, and PTEN was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Lentivirus vectors were used to overexpress IGFBP3 in hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) lines. The effect of IGFBP3 on proliferation was investigated by MTT and colony formation assays. Results: Expression of IGF2, IGFBP3, and PTEN in several HCC cell lines was lower than in normal cell lines. After 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine/trichostatin A treatment, significant demethylation of the promoter region of IGFBP3 was observed in HCC cells. Overexpression of IGFBP3 induced apoptosis and reduced colony formation in HUH7 cells. Conclusions: Expression of IGF2, IGFBP3, and PTEN in several HCC cell lines was lower than in normal cell lines. After 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine/trichostatin A treatment, significant demethylation of the promoter region of IGFBP3 was observed in HCC cells. Overexpression of IGFBP3 induced apoptosis and reduced colony formation in HUH7 cells.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.693-699
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• 2010

Imprinted genes are essential for fetal development, growth regulation, and postnatal behavior. However, little is known about imprinted genes in livestock. We hypothesized that certain putatively imprinted genes affected normal peri-implantation development such as embryo elongation, initial placental development, and preparation of implantation. The objective of the present study was to investigate the mRNA expression patterns of several putatively imprinted genes during the porcine peri-implantation stages from day 6 to day 21 of gestation. Imprinted genes were selected both maternally (Dlk1, IGF2, Ndn, and Sgce) and paternally (IGF2r, H19, Gnas and Xist). Here, we report that the maternally imprinted gene IGF2 was expressed from day 6 (Blastocyst stage), but Dlk1, Ndn, and Sgce were not expressed in this stage. These genes were first expressed between days 12 and day 14. All the maternally imprinted genes studied showed significantly high expression patterns from day 18 of embryo development. In contrast, paternally imprinted genes IGF2r, H19, Gnas, and Xist were first expressed from day 6 of embryo development (BL). Our data demonstrated that the expression of H19 and Gnas genes was significantly increased from day 14 of the embryo developmental stage, while IGF2r and Xist only showed high expression after day 21. This study is the first to show that the putatively imprinted genes were stage-specific during porcine embryonic development. These results demonstrate that the genes studied may exert important effects on embryo implantation and fetal development.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.236-240
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• 1997

A crude extract of Smphytum officinale L. (comfrey) was for its ability to inhibit he growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and expression of the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-II) gene. The DNA synthesis of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, Hep G2, Hep 3B, and PLC/PRF/5 was inhibited by a crude extract of Smphytum officinale in both a time- and a dose-dependent manners. This plant extract also inhibited expression of the IGF-II gene. Since IGF-II exerts a mitogenic effect on Hep G2 cells, these results suggest that the growth inhibition by Symphytum officinale extract is, in part, mediated through the inhibition of IGF-II gene expression.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.198-204
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• 2007

목 적: 성조숙증에서 관찰된 최근의 연구 결과를 보면 사춘기 발육이 빠른 당시에는 신장이 커보일 수 있으나 결국 최종성인신장은 감소하게 된다. 이에 사춘기를 중단시킴으로써 최종 성인신장을 증가시킬 수 있을 것이라는 기대로 성선자극호르몬 방출호르몬 효능약제를 사용하여 골성숙의 기간을 연장하고자 하였다. 또한 조기 사춘기로 인하여 최종성인신장의 예후가 불량한 소아에서 성선자극호르몬 방출호르몬 효능약제 및 성장호르몬의 병합요법 효과를 성선자극호르몬 방출호르몬 효능약제 단독 사용 시의 효과와 비교하여 각각의 성장 촉진 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 역연령에 비하여 골연령이 증가되어 있으며 조기 사춘기를 보이는 여아를 대상으로 GnRHa 및 성장호르몬을 단기간 투여하였다. 제 1군은 triptorelin을 단독으로 4주에 한 번씩 근육주사하였고, 제 2군은 성장호르몬을 병합하여 치료하였다. 치료 기간은 약 1년이었으며 치료 시작시와 치료 후의 두 군간의 역연령, 골연령, 역연령과 골연령의 차이, 예측성인신장, 표적키, 표적키와 예측성인신장과의 차이, 혈청 IGF-1 및 IGFBP-3치를 비교하였다. 결 과: 치료 시작시 두 군 간의 골연령, 표적키, 예측성인신장, 예측성인신장과 표적키의 차이는 없었으나 골연령과 역연령의 차이 및 역연령은 유의한 차이를 보였다. 혈청 IGF-1 및 IGFBP-3값의 차이는 없었고 평균 치료기간은 $1.06{\pm}0.93$년이었다. 치료 후의 골연령과 역연령의 차이는 전체적으로 감소하였으며 두 군간에도 유의한 차이를 보였다. 치료 후의 예측성인신장은 치료전과 비교했을 때 모두 증가하여 단기간의 치료에도 효과가 있었으며 두 군 모두 의미 있는 값을 가지나 특히 성장호르몬을 같이 사용한 2군에서 더욱 큰 차이를 보여 병합요법의 성장촉진효과를 알 수 있었다. 표적키와 예측성인신장의 차이는 전체적으로 치료전보다 의미 있는 감소를 보였으며 두 군을 비교했을때 역시 2군에서 더욱 의미 있게 감소하였다. 혈청 IGF-1과 IGFBP-3는 GnRHa 사용 후에 성장호르몬-IGF 축이 억제되어 1군에서 모두 감소하였으나 성장호르몬을 병합한 2군에서는 모두 증가하였고 이때 통계적인 의미는 없었다. 결 론: 조기 사춘기로 인하여 역연령에 비해 골연령이 증가함으로써 성인신장에 나쁜 영향을 끼치는 경우에는 단기간의 GnRHa의 사용으로 사춘기의 빠른 진행을 억제하고 골성숙의 기간을 연장시킴으로써 예측성인신장을 증가시킬 수 있다. 또한 성장호르몬 병합요법으로 예측성인신장이 표적키에 도달하는데 있어 GnRHa 만으로 성장호르몬-IGF 축이 억제된 경우보다 성장촉진 효과를 나타낸다. 그러나 이는 단기간 사용 시의 치료효과이므로 최종성인신장의 비교를 위해서는 향후 장기적인 추적관찰이 필요하다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.175-186
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to analyze the proteome expressions of proliferating stromal vascular cells from Hanwoo omental, subcutaneous and intramuscular depots subjected to hormone deprivation and IGF-1, Estradiol-$17{\beta}$ addition. For hormone deprivation or addition studies, the cells were either grown in 10% charcoal-dextran stripped fetal bovine serum (CD-FBS) or in 10% FBS supplemented medium. Further, to analyze the effect of insulin like growth factor (IGF-1) and $17\beta$-Estradiol (E2), cells were grown in 10% CD-FBS containing IGF-1 (10 ng/ml) or E2 (10 nM). The results showed that hormone deprivation had a negative impact on proliferation among the cells from all depots without any growth difference. On comparison of proliferation levels, higher levels were observed in cells that were grown in 10% FBS than in 10% CD-FBS alone or with IGF-1/E2. Proteome expression from preadipocytes grown in hormone deprivation conditions were compared by 2D-DIGE and MALDIToF/ToF. A total of twelve different proteins were found to be differentially expressed under hormone deprivation conditions. Further, our proteomic analysis with DIGE under IGF-1 and E2 addition revealed four proteins with differential expression levels. Moreover, the results highlighted in this study offer a role for each differentially expressed protein with respect to their effect in positive or negative regulation on proliferation.