• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2013

Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic approved for the treatment of infections in animals. Because of the side effects to consumers of animal products, the maximum residue limits (MRLs) of enrofloxacin in animal tissues for consumption are regulated. In this study, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against enrofloxacin was prepared and characterized for the development of a direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The obtained mAb, Enro44, was highly specific for enrofloxacin and had a 50% inhibition concentration ($IC_{50}$) of 1.99 ng/ml in a competitive ELISA, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.50 ng/ml. The cross-reactivity of the mAb with other quinolones and fluoroquinolones was lower than 0.01%. The subclass of the mAb Enro44 was identified as IgG1. The antigen (Ag)-captured direct competitive ELISA using the mAb Enro44 was tested on different spiked samples, including chicken muscle, cattle milk, and cattle urine, and the assay demonstrated recoveries of 82-112%, 80-125%, and 78-124%, respectively. Furthermore, the quantitation of enrofloxacin obtained from the ELISA and from high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was in good agreement, with the linear regression coefficient between 0.933 and 1.056. The cDNAs encoding a heavy-chain Fd fragment (VH and CH1) and a light chain of the mAb Enro44 were cloned and sequenced. Taken together, the results obtained reveal a potential use of this mAb in an ELISA for the detection of enrofloxacin in food samples. The information of amino acid sequence of this mAb will be useful for further modification and production of the mAb in a bioreactor.

• 약학회지
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.294-299
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• 2014

In this study, we investigate anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects of Leonurus sibiricus seed (LSS) extract in basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells. To identify anti-allergic actions of LSS, the degranulation was evaluated in IgE and DNP-BSA stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. At the concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$ of methanol (MeOH) extract and Methylene chloride (MC) and Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions, the degranulation was significantly inhibited 16.7%, 16.7% and 27.9% respectively. And then, to assess anti-inflammatory effects of LSS, IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA level were detected in PMA/ionomycin (PI)-induced RBL-2H3 cells and cell proliferation and IL-4 mRNA level in isolated splenocytes from Balb/c mice. LSS MeOH extract and MC and EtOAc fractions significantly decreased the level of IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA in PI-induced RBL-2H3 cells and showed inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and expression of IL-4 mRNA level in mouse splenocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that LSS has potential anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects and EtOAc fraction is the most effective in regulating immune responses.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2014

Objectives : In order to investigate the efficacy of BJBB on atopic dermatitis, various anti-inflammatory factors were studied. Methods : In-vitro, inflammatory mediators, such as MTT and nitric oxide were detected after the addition of LPS with or without BJBB in Raw 264.7 cells. In-vivo, in order to verify the effectiveness of BJBB in atopic dermatitis animal model, its role in inflammation factors and histological changes were observed in NC/Nga mice. Results : BJBB showed cell viability of 100% or higher in all concentration in Raw 264.7 cells. BJBB inhibited LPS-induced productions of inflammatory mediators nitric oxide in RAW 264.7cells. BJBB treated group showed significant decrease in the expression of IL-1b, IL-6 and TNF-a by 40%, 80% and 44% respectively. Also the group showed decrease in the transcription of IL-1b, IL-6 and TNF-a mRNA in spleen by 41%, 93% and 39% respectively. BJBB treated group showed significant decrease in WBC, neutrophil, lympocyte and monocytes immune cell ratio in blood by 54%, 63%, 57% and 86% respectively. BJBB treated group showed decrease in the expression of IgG by 39% respectively. Also, infiltration of adipocytes into skin was suppressed and the thickness of epidermis and dermis were relatively decreased in the BJBB treated group. Conclusion : BJBB has an anti-inflammatory effects in NC/Nga mouse. Thus, these results suggested a beneficial effect of BJBB in treatment with Atopic dermatitis and inflammatory.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.776-784
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• 2023

Objective: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the inclusion of dietary nontoxic sulfur (NTS) on growth performance, immune response, sulfur amino acid composition and meat characteristics in growing-finishing pigs. Methods: A total of 140 crossbred pigs ([Yorkshire×Landrace]×Duroc) with an average body weight of 34.73±0.66 kg were used for the 12-week feeding trial. Experimental pigs were allotted to one of 5 treatments in 4 replicates of 7 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. The experimental treatments were as follows (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% NTS levels): i) Control, corn soybean meal (SBM)-based diet; ii) NTS 0.1, basal diet + NTS 0.1%; iii) NTS 0.2, basal diet + NTS 0.2%; iv) NTS 0.4, basal diet + NTS 0.4%. Results: Body weight increased linearly as dietary NTS levels increased up to 0.2% (linear; p = 0.04) in the early finishing phase (9 weeks). During the whole experimental period, body weight and average daily gain linearly increased as the dietary NTS level increased in the diet (linear; both p = 0.01), but quadratic responses in body weight and average daily gain were observed with the addition of NTS 0.4% (quadratic, both p = 0.01). In the late finishing period, the IgG concentration increased linearly (linear; p = 0.01) as the dietary NTS level increased up to 4%. In the finishing period, a linear response was observed as a dietary NTS level was added (linear; p = 0.03), and supplementation with 0.2% NTS resulted in a higher methionine content than the other treatments (quadratic; p = 0.01). NST 0.2% had a lower value of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (quadratic; p = 0.01). Conclusion: Consequently, supplementation with dietary NTS up to 0.2% could improve growth performance, amino acid composition in hair and meat antioxidation capacity.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.281-294
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• 2023

As a byproduct obtained from cheese manufacture, whey protein was developed as a functional food that contains multi-functional proteins. In this study, the biochemical activity of fermented milk prepared by fortifying whey protein with excellent physiological activity was investigated. Immunoglobulin (IgG) content was higher in 10% fortified whey protein fermented milk than in the control. The viable cell counts were 20% higher in the fermented milk with 10% fortified whey protein than in the control group. The antibacterial effect of 10% fortified whey protein fermented milk compared to the control group was shown to be effective against four pathogenic microorganisms, Escherichia coli (KCTC1039), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 530, Salmonela Typhimurium (KCTC3216), and Staphylococcus aureus (KCTC1621). The antioxidant effect by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities wasincreased two-fold in 10% fortified whey protein fermented milk compared to the control. The 10% fortified whey protein fermented milk inhibited the expression of the inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, and induced nitric oxide synthase [iNOS]) in a concentration-dependent manner. In a piglets feeding test, the weight gain with 10% fortified whey protein fermented milk was increased by 18% compared to the control group, and no diarrhea symptoms appeared. Our results clearly demonstrated that 10% fortified whey protein fermented milk could be a useful functional ingredient for improving health.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.218-227
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• 2015

나노기술의 이용도가 높아지면서 나노물질 유출로 인한 환경오염 문제가 제기되고 있다. 수질시료 내 나노물질의 분석을 위해서는 시료의 교란을 최소화할 수 있는 보관조건 마련이 선결 요건이지만, 아직까지 적합한 보관조건이 제시되고 있지 않다. 이에 본 연구는 citrate로 코팅된 은 나노물질(cit-AgNP)을 대상으로 금속나노물질을 함유한 수질시료의 보관조건을 제시하고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해 시간분해 동적산란법(time-resolved dynamic light scattering)을 이용하여 pH, 배경용액의 농도, 온도, 나노물질의 농도 등과 같은 환경적인 조건과 시간에 따른 cit-AgNP의 크기 변화를 관찰하였다. 실험을 통한 각 환경조건별 AgNP의 응집특성을 해석하고 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 시료의 보관조건을 제시하였다. 그리고 AgNP의 입자농도와 응집속도의 선형적 관계로부터 구한 doublet time을 이용하여 시료의 보관기간을 산정하였다. 실험결과, pH는 7 이상, 배경 용액($Ca(NO_3)_2$)의 농도는 3 mM 이하, 온도는 냉장($4^{\circ}C$) 상태, 그리고 cit-AgNP의 농도는 2 mg/L 이하에서 응집속도가 0에 가까운 값을 나타내었다. 또한 수질시료 내 존재하는 100 nm cit-AgNP의 농도를 환경에 존재할 수 있는 낮은 수준인 $1{\mu}g/L$로 가정한 후 doublet time를 구한 결과, 가능한 시료의 보관기간은 15.79~17.53일 정도인 것으로 조사되었다. 하지만 pH와 배경 용액의 농도 조절은 시료의 변질과 교란이 우려되기 때문에 보관조건으로 일반화하여 제시하는 것은 적절하지 않고, 나노물질 자체의 농도를 조절하는 것은 수질시료 내 나노물질의 농도 등의 분석을 위한 시료의 보관조건으로 바람직하지 않다. 그러므로 본 연구의 결과로부터 일반화하여 제시할 수 있는 보관조건은 냉장($4^{\circ}C$) 상태에서 2주일 정도인 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1309-1315
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• 2012

A total of 140 weaning pigs ((Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Duroc, BW = $6.47{\pm}0.86$ kg) were used in a 5-wk growth trail to determine the effects of phytoncide supplementation on growth performance, nutrient apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), blood profiles, diarrhea scores and fecal microflora shedding. Pigs were assigned randomly by BW into 5 treatments, dietary treatments were: i) NC, basal diet; ii) PC, NC+0.05% tylosin; iii) EO, NC+0.1% essential oil; iv) PP, NC+0.2% PP (phytoncide with 2% citric acid), and v) PA, NC+0.2% PA (phytoncide). Each treatment had 7 replicate pens with 4 pigs per pen. All pigs were housed in pens with a self-feeder and nipple drinker to allow ad libitum access to feed and water throughout the experimental period. During 0 to 2 wks, supplementation with essential oil and PA decreased (p<0.05) G/F compared with the other treatments. During 2 to 5 wks, supplementation with PA led to a higher (p<0.05) G/F than the other treatments. At 2 wk, ATTD of dry matter (DM) and gross energy (GE) in EO treatment were decreased (p<0.05) compared with NC treatment. Dietary PC treatment improved (p<0.05) ATTD of DM and E compared with the CON group, and PA and PP treatments showed a higher (p<0.05) ATTD of E than that in NC treatment. Pigs fed phytoncide (PA and PP) had a greater (p<0.05) ATTD of DM than those of NC and EO treatments at 5 wk. Moreover, supplementation with phytoncide elevated (p<0.05) the concentration of immunoglobulin (IgG) in blood at 2 wk. The inclusion of EO, PP and PA treatments showed a greater (p<0.05) amount of fecal Lactobacillus compared with CON group. However, no difference (p>0.05) was observed in diarrhea scores among treatments. In conclusion, phytoncide can elevate feed efficiency, nutrient digestibility, and improve the fecal Lactobacillus counts in weaning pigs. Our results indicated that the phytoncide could be used as a good antibiotics alternative in weaning pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.1003-1008
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• 2012

One hundred and twenty weanling pigs in experiment 1 (Exp. 1) ($6.91{\pm}0.99kg$; 21 d of age) and Exp. 2 ($10.20{\pm}1.09kg$; 28 d of age) were used in two 42-d and 35-d experiments to evaluate the effect of medium-chain-triglyceride (MCT) on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and blood profile. In both of Exp. 1 and Exp. 2, the same dietary treatments were utilized as follows : i) negative control (NC), ii) positive control (PC), NC+antibiotics (40 mg/kg Tiamulin, 110 mg/kg Tylosin, and 10 mg/kg Enramycin, iii) MCT3, NC+0.32% (phase 1, 2 and 3) MCT, and iv) MCT5, NC+0.55% (phase 1), 0.32% (phase 2 and 3) MCT. In Exp. 1, the pigs fed MCT5 diets had higher (p<0.05) ADG compared to NC treatment during the first 2 wk. From d 15 to 28, the ATTD of energy was improved (p<0.05) by MCT3 compared to the PC treatment. No effect has been observed on the blood profiles [red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), immunoglobulin-G (IgG), lymphocyte concentration] measured in this study. In Exp. 2, the ADG were increased (p<0.05) by the MCT5 treatment than the PC treatment from d 0 to 14. Pigs fed PC treatment diet had lower ADFI (p<0.05) and better FCR (p<0.05) than NC treatment, whereas no differences were shown between MCT treatments and NC or PC treatment from d 15 to 35 and overall phase. The ATTD of DM and nitrogen were improved (p<0.05) by the effect of MCT5 related to the NC and PC treatment at the end of 2nd and 5th wk. The pigs fed MCT3 had higher (p<0.05) energy digestibility than PC treatment. No effects were seen in the blood profiles we measured (WBC, RBC, lymphocyte and immunoglobulin-G). In conclusion, the addition of MCT in the weanling pigs diet can improve the ADG and digestibility during the earlier period (first 2 wks), but had little effect on the blood characteristics.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.994-1002
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 고장초 줄기 ethanol 추출물 5종(10, 30, 50, 70, 90% Z. latifolia ethanol extract)에 대한 다양한 효능을 평가하여 원료제조를 위한 추출 조건을 최적화하고자 하였다. Z. latifolia ethanol extracts의 항산화능 평가결과, ethanol의 함량이 증가함에 따라 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼에 대한 $RC_{50}$ 값은 감소하여 소거능이 증가함을 확인하였다. Z. latifolia ethanol extracts의 항염증 평가 결과, ethanol의 함량이 증가함에 따라 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)로 처리한 RAW 264.7에서 nitric oxide (NO)의 생성 억제능이 농도의존적으로 증가되는 경향을 확인하였으며, $250{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서의 NO 생성능 비교 시, 15.69, 14.13, 11.86, 8.64, $10.09{\mu}M$로 70% Z. latifolia ethanol extract에서 가장 높은 NO 억제 활성을 나타냈다. Z. latifolia ethanol extracts의 항알러지 효능을 평가하기 위하여 RBL-2H3 세포를 IgE-항원으로 활성화 시킨 결과, 10% Z. latifolia ethanol extract의 ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$ 방출 억제효과는 나타나지 않았으나, 30% Z. latifolia ethanol extract부터 농도의존적으로 ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$의 방출 억제효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 특히, $100{\mu}g/ml$ 추출물 처리 시 ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$ 방출은 각각 94.20, 57.10, 46.70, 36.38, 27.45%로 90% Z. latifolia ethanol extract의 항알러지 활성이 가장 우수하였다. Z. latifolia ethanol extracts의 미백 효능 평가 결과, ethanol 함량이 증가함에 따라 멜라닌 생성 억제 효과도 증가함을 확인할 수 있었으며, 특히 $500{\mu}g/ml$ 농도의 70%, 90% Z. latifolia ethanol extracts의 멜라닌 생성 억제능은 양성대조군인 arbutin ($250{\mu}M$)과 비슷한 효과를 나타내었다. 본 연구 결과, Z. latifolia ethanol extracts는 세포 독성이 없으며 피부 보호 효능과 관련된 다양한 활성이 우수함을 확인하였다. 이러한 원료 제조 조건에 대한 활성 결과는 향후 피부건강을 위한 기능성 식품 원료 제조를 위한 기초 결과로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제18권sup호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2012

증체량은 모든 처리구(281.4~294.5 kg)가 대조구(271.4 kg) 보다 높았으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). PS구를 포함한 모든 처리구의 DM, CP 및 TDN 함량이 대조구에 비해 3~8% 향상되는 결과를 얻었으나 통계적인 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 모든 시험축군에서 수의적 치료를 요하는 질병은 발생되지 않았다. ES구가 모든 처리구와 비교할 때 총 단백질량은 낮고 BUN은 높은 경향을 보였다(P>0.05). 면역물질인 IgG항체 농도는 전 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 혈중 glucose 농도는 대조구(114 mg/dl)를 제외한 모든 처리구(97.8~104 mg/dl)에서 낮은 경향을 보였다(P>0.05). ES구(109.8 mg/dl)의 총 cholesterol 농도가 대조구(86.3 mg/dl) 보다 26% 높았으나 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 간상피세포 손상여부와 관계있는 GOT, GPT는 대조구(56, 14IU/L)에 비해 모든 처리구(45~49, 11~13.8 IU/L)에서 낮은 수치를 보였으며 유의적인 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 비타민 A는 PS구(36.1 IU/dl)가 다른 처리구(30.9~34.4 IU/dl) 보다 높았으나 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 비타민 C는 ES구(3 mg/L)가 다른 시험구(3.7~3.9 mg/L) 보다 낮았으나 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 또한 모든 처리구의 비타민 E(150.1~155.4 IU/dl)는 대조구(143.7 IU/dl) 보다 높았으나 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05).