• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2010

Purpose: To determine whether upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) transcription and translation is related to radicular pain in a model of lumbar disc herniation. Also, to investigate the temporal changes of mRNA expression of iNOS and the identity of iNOS and transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) 1 channel expression cells in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of a model of lumbar disc herniation. Methods: A lumbar disc herniated rat model was developed by implantation of the autologous nucleus pulposus, harvested from the coccygeal vertebra of each tail, on the left L5 nerve root just proximal to the DRG. Rats were tested for mechanical allodynia of the plantar surface of both hind paws 2 days before surgery and 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 days postoperatively. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to follow iNOS mRNA expression. To stain iNOS and TRPV1 in DRG, an immunohistochemical study was done 10 days after surgery. Results: A significant drop in mechanical withdrawal threshold on the ipsilateral and contralateral hind paws was observed 1 day after surgery and was prolonged to 30 days in rats with lumbar disc herniation. The expression of mRNA for iNOS peaked at postoperative day 10 on both sides of the DRG. iNOS-positive sensory neurons in the DRG varied in size from large to small diameter cells. A majority of small and intermediate sensory neurons were TRPV1-positive cells. Double immunofluorescence staining for TRPV1 and iNOS revealed that most intermediate TRPV1-positive sensory neurons co-localized with iNOS-positive neurons. Conclusion: Nucleus pulposus-induced mechanical allodynia can be generated without mechanical compression. This pain is related to temporal changes in expression of iNOS mRNA in the DRG. Co-localization of TRPV1 and iNOS in intermediate neurons of the DRG is correlated with pain modality and intensity.

• Mycobiology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.449-456
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• 2019

Invasive fungal infections caused by Cyberlindnera fabianii have recently increased. However, biochemical kits such as API 20 C AUX and Vitek-2C have misidentified this species as other Candida spp. such as C. pelliculosa or C. utilis due to no information of Cy. fabianii in yeast database. During our 2016-2017 surveys, eleven isolates of Cy. fabianii were obtained in International St. Mary's Hospital in Korea. Here, we describe its morphological and molecular characteristics and tested its antifungal susceptibility against nine antifungal agents. The sequences of the ITS region and the D1/D2 region of LSU revealed 100% identity with the sequences of Cy. fabianii. In comparison with the results from MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, we found that Cy. fabianii can be distinguished from other species. In antifungal susceptibility test, voriconazole and echinocandins exhibited good antifungal activities against the majority of Cy. fabianii isolates despite the absence of standard criteria.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권46호
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• pp.207-231
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• 2017

판화는 순수예술의 한 분야이면서 에디션(edition)이라는 특수성 때문에 대중적인 성격을 띤 상업적 결과물로 인식되는 모호한 경계에 놓여져 있다. 현대의 과학기술 발전은 판화의 새로운 기법을 발달시켰고 디지털(digital)이라는 컴퓨터와의 융합은 복제예술로서의 가능성을 보여주었다. 복제 판화는 사진과 접하며 확장된 영역으로의 지대한 영향을 받았고 프린트의 다양한 형태는 간접예술의 가능성을 여러 각도로 자극함으로써 많은 변화와 시도를 가져왔다. 판화와 과학기술의 역사가 밀접하게 관련되어 있듯이 컴퓨터의 발달은 복수예술성의 광범위한 영역확대, 기술적, 예술적 변화를 시도하게 만든다. 디지털이 갖는 매끈한 평면위에 판화의 물성을 얹음으로 단순히 복사된 이미지 위에 새로운 개념의 형상을 만들어낼 수 있는 과정과 결과는, 일품미술의 가치 혹은 판화가 주는 물성의 특성과는 또 다른 독특한 작품의 영역을 보여준다. 복제성에 대한 폄하된 인식은 판화와 직결된 의미로 작품의 가치를 평가하였고 복제된 각 에디션의 가치와는 무관하게 한 묶음의 작품으로 평가절하 되는 것은 부인 할 수 없는 사실이다. 그러나 종이 위에 찍혔던 판화의 물성은 캔버스위에 손으로 직접 그리는 핸드드로잉(hand drawing)과 함께 올려지고, 디지털 프린트라는 정보의 종이위에 결합하는 과정을 통해 새로운 면모와 변화를 보여주는 계기가 된다. 매체가 주는 다양성은 예술과 과학기술사이에서 때로는 정체성의 논란이 되기도 한다. 앞으로 예술의 영역에서 누릴 수 있는 매체성의 한계를 어떤 기준으로 정할 수 있을지도 논의가 되어야 할 것이다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.667-671
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• 2016

Myiasis is a relatively common infection of animals kept as pets, although only 1 case of canine myiasis has been described so far in the Republic of Korea. In the present study, we report an additional case of canine wound myiasis with identification of its causative agent, Lucilia sericata. An 8-year-old male Siberian husky dog was referred with anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea to the Chungbuk National University Veterinary Medical Center, Cheongju-si (city), Chungcheongbuk-do (province), Korea in July 2013. Physical examination indicated the patient had a deep wound filled with a maggot swarm as a left gluteal lesion. A total of 216 maggots were removed by forceps, and the wounded area was sponged with gauzes and disinfected with 70% alcohol and a povidone-iodine solution. After daily care and suturing the wound, the patient was discharged at day 19 after admission. Recovered worms possessed morphological characteristics similar to those of L. sericata, namely, a sub-cylindrical body with 6-8 lobed anterior spiracles, round shaped with a button surrounded by a peritremal ring with no gaps, and similar distances between dorsal, median, and outer papillae of the 12th segment. Additionally, cox1 partial sequences (528 bp) obtained in the present study showed 100% identity with those of L. sericata (GenBank no. KT272854.1). L. sericata is indicated as a pathogen of myiasis infection not only in humans, but also in animals kept as pets in Korea.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.595-607
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• 2002

The objectives of this study were to identify the phenomena of school health nursing at schools in Korea and to contribute to building a school health domain of International Classification for Nursing Practice. A retrospective method was used in this study to develop ICNP during the period from July to October 200l. The procedure of the study involved choosing nursing phenomena using preliminary terms from the reports on the field of school health nursing practice documented by nursing students in 10 different nursing colleges. The detail procedures of the study were as follows. 1) Choosing nursing phenomena by using preliminary terms 2) Choosing the characteristics of school health nursing practice from the selected nursing phenomena 3) In order to make a consensus regarding the appropriate characteristics of phenomena. 15 study group members re-categorized the nursing phenomena through 5 times of cyber meetings and 3 times of formal meetings. 4) To verify each characteristic, 5 community nursing faculties and 25 school health nurses participated in the procedure to give scores on nursing characteristics. 5) Classification of the definite nursing phenomena and characteristics. Following the 5 step procedures, school health nursing phenomena were categorized into human and environmental domains. Human domains were classified into human behavioral and functional domains. Environmental domains were classified into physical and psychosocial domains. The essential characteristics of each phenomena were selected when it obtains the mean score of 3.0 or over at the related characteristics. The human behavioral domain consisted of 7 phenomena including risk for spinal disorder, inadequate dietary habit, inadequate weight control, smoking and substance abuse, inadequate stress management, inadequate sex related coping strategies and inadequate accident management. The human functional domain consisted of 6 phenomena including inadequate eye care and visual management, risk for respiratory disorder, inadequate dental health care, inappropriate infectious disease control, risk for gastrointestinal disorder, and lack of sexual identity. The physical environmental domain consisted of 6 phenomena including risk for incident at inside classroom, risk for incident at outside classroom, risk for incident around school, risk for exposure to hazardous facilities around school. inadequate garbage and disposal management, and inadequate physical environment for learning. The psychosocial domain included impaired social interaction at school. Each phenomenon was composed of 2 to 8 characteristics and all phenomena will include a total number of 85 characteristics. The phenomena of school health nursing in Korea partially confirmed school health architecture of ICNP. Further study on verification of school health nursing phenomena in Korea needs to be done to support the findings of this study through review of literature on nursing classifications or field studies.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.87-97
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• 1999

Rapidly changing healthcare environment and professional nursing practice need a strategy for the organizational development and goal attainment. An understanding of organizational culture could help managers enhance or expend their management strategy, thus increasing the probability of their success in the organization. On the other hand. organizational culture is an abstract concept and can show several views between sciences applying it. Therefore. organizational culture can be described to different ways with roots in each other discipline. Thus. it is necessary to define the concept of organizational culture in nursing perspective. This article reports a study conducted to analyze the concept of Nursing Service Organizational Culture. This study is performed by the guideline of Walker and Avant for concept analysis : selecting a concept. detering aim of analysis, identifying all use of concept. defining attributes. constructing model. contrary, borderline. related cases. identifying antecedents and consequences. According to the results of this study. the following definition attributes of Nursing Service Organizational Culture was suggested. We could define that nursing service organizational culture is the pattern of basic assumption and common belief that shared by the subordinates of nursing service. So, it provides a shared identity for all employees. Attributes of Nursing Service Organizational Culture were defined as (1) it is performed by the result of the interaction through formal. informal communication among nursing service organizational subordinations. (2) it has been performed unconsciously and reacts without ever thinking about the behavior. (3) it makes a unique pattern of behaviors to each nursing organization. which is different from other groups. (4) it has a broad and subtle forces to its subordinates. (5) it provides subordinates with the way of thought and behavior. (6) it influences on the output. stability. and de velopment of nursing service.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

홍역바이러스(Measles virus)는 전염성이 매우 높은 발진성 열병을 일으키는 바이러스이며, 약독화된 생백신 접종으로 충분히 예방할 수 있다. 그러나 대부분의 개발도상국에서 어린아이들의 주요 사망원인이며 해마다 20만명이 사망하는 풍토병이다. 우리나라는 1996년 이후부터 국가적으로 시행된 정기예방접종으로 인한 높은 백신 접종률(>95.0%)로 획득된 집단면역과 고도의 기술적 감시체계의 결과로 홍역이 퇴치되었으며, 2014년 3월 WHO로부터 '홍역퇴치국가'로 인증 받았다. 그러나 2014년 초부터 경기도에서 홍역환자가 다시 발생하였다. 본 연구에서는 2014년 1월부터 2014년 7월까지 경기도에서 발생한 홍역 확진 환자를 대상으로 홍역바이러스의 유행양상 및 유전형 분포양상을 분석하였다. 72건의 홍역바이러스 양성검체에서 60주의 홍역바이러스를 분리하였고, nucleoprotein(N) 유전자의 염기서열 분석을 통하여 유전형의 확인 및 유전자변이를 분석하였다. 총 60건의 홍역 확진검체를 분석한 결과 58건(96.7%)에서 B3 genotype을 확인하였다. 또한 nucleoprotein(N) 유전자 부위의 유전자 변이 분석결과, 경기도내 분리주들이 2013년에서 2014년 필리핀에서 유행한 홍역 분리주들과 99% 일치하였다. 따라서 필리핀 등에서 감염된 후 국내에 유입되어 2차 감염이 된 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.1146-1153
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• 2024

The increasing economic losses associated with growth retardation caused by Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), a microsporidian parasite infecting penaeid shrimp, require effective monitoring. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-1 region, the non-coding region of ribosomal clusters between 18S and 5.8S rRNA genes, is widely used in phylogenetic studies due to its high variability. In this study, the ITS-1 region sequence (~600-bp) of EHP was first identified, and primers for a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting that sequence were designed. A newly developed nested-PCR method successfully detected the EHP in various shrimp (Penaeus vannamei and P. monodon) and related samples, including water and feces collected from Indonesia, Thailand, South Korea, India, and Malaysia. The primers did not cross-react with other hosts and pathogens, and this PCR assay is more sensitive than existing PCR detection methods targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) and spore wall protein (SWP) genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS-1 sequences indicated that the Indonesian strain was distinct (86.2% nucleotide sequence identity) from other strains collected from Thailand and South Korea, and also showed the internal diversity among Thailand (N = 7, divided into four branches) and South Korean (N = 5, divided into two branches) samples. The results revealed the ability of the ITS-1 region to determine the genetic diversity of EHP from different geographical origins.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2006

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a disease model of multiple sclerosis (MS) that is characterized by remittance and relapse of the disease and autoimmune and demyelinating lesions in the central nervous system (CNS). Autoimmune inflammation is maintained by secretion of a large number of protein. Previous studies have suggested that transcripts encoding osteopontin (OPN) are frequently detected in the mRNA population of MS plaques. To elucidate the functional role of OPN in initiation and development of EAE, we examined the expression and localization of OPN in the spinal cord during acute EAE. We demonstrated that OPN significantly increased at the early stage of EAE and slightly declined thereafter by western blot analysis. An immunohistochemical study revealed that OPN was constitutively expressed in some glial cells (microglia, astrocytes) of white matter and neurons in the CNS of control rats. OPN expression was shown to be increased in the same cells at the early and peak stage of EAE. To identity cells expressing OPN by double-immunofluorescence labeling, we labeled rat spinal cord sections for OPN with a monoclonal OPN antibody and with mAbs for astrocyte (GFAP), microglia/macrophage (OX42)-specific markers. The major cell types of OPN-expressing cells were activated astrocytes and microglia in the adjacent inflammatory lesions. Interestingly, OPN was mainly expressed in the end feet of astrocytes around vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expressing endothelial cells of CNS blood vessel. These findings suggest that increased levels of OPN in activated glial cell may play an important role in the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the CNS parenchyma during EAE.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.301-310
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• 2006

Two pathways of ammonium assimilation and glutamate biosynthesis have been identified in microorganisms. One pathway involves the NADP-linked glutamate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the amination of 2-oxoglutarate to form glutamate. An alternative pathway involves the combined activities of glutamine synthetase, which aminates glutamate to form glutamine, and glutamate synthase, which transfers the amide group of glutamine to 2-oxoglutarate to yield two molecules of glutamate. We have cloned the large subunit of the glutamate synthase (GOGAT) from Salmonella typhimurium by screening the expression of GOGAT and complementing the gene in E. coli GOGAT large subunit-deficient mutants. Three positive clones (named pUC19C12, pUC19C13 and pUC19C15) contained identical Sau3AI fragments, as determined by restriction mapping and Southern hybridization, and expressed GOGAT efficiently and constitutively using its own promoter in the heterologous host. The coding region expressed in Escherichia coli was about 170 kDa on SDS-PAGE. This gene spans 4,732 bases, contains an open reading frame of 4,458 nucleotides, and encodes a mature protein of 1,486 amino acid residues (Mr =166,208). The EMN-binding domain of GOGAT contains 12 glycine residues, and the 3Fe-4S cluster has 3 cysteine residues. The comparison of the translated amino acid sequence of the Salmonella GOGAT with sequences from other bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Shigella flexneri, Yersinia pestis, Vibrio vulnificus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows sequence identity between 87 and 95%.