• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.554-560
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• 1999

This study was conducted to find adolescent females perception of body image. The survey was carried out by self-questionnaires with 463 female school and college students in Daegu. Analysis of data was done using t-test, and ANOVA with the SAS computer program. The average height, weight and BMI of the subjects were 161.2cm, 53.4kg and 20.51kg/$m^2$. It appeared that 33.3% of the subjects were off the normal range of body weight ; in particular 25.1% of the subjects were under weight. While the subjects’perception of their own current body image was not distorted, they were dissatisfied with their body image because they wanted a very thin figure. Subjects were divided into 3 groups -underweight, normal weight, overweight-according to their current body size. Their perceptions of ideal and desired figures differed significantly between the groups, but they thought a thinner figure than normal body image as ideal and desired body image even in overweight group. As a result, dissatisfaction of body image in the overweight group was significantly larger than the normal-weight group, and that of the normal-weight group was larger than the underweight group. Percentages of weight control attempt were 51.7% and 64.7% in the normal weight and underweight subjects, respectively. Subjects were divided into 2 groups according to their weight control experience : those who have attempted, and who have not attempted. Weight control attemptees had a higher level of dissatisfaction with their body image than non-attemptees, both because weight control attemptees were fatter, and they perceived a thinner figure as an ideal and as a desired body image thin non-attemptees. From the results of this study, we confirmed that one of reasons of excessive weight control behavior among adolescent females was distorted perception about ideal body image.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.67-82
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine parents' image of kindergarten teacher in a bid to provide useful information on kindergarten teacher and parents education to improve the image of kindergarten teachers. The participants in this study were 90 mothers whose young children attended kindergarten in the city of Busan. They were asked to describe what words came into their mind about the image of kindergarten teacher and what an ideal image of kindergarten teacher should be like. Among the participants, ten mothers were interviewed to tell about the ideal image of kindergarten teacher. The largest number of the parents wrote down the words that represented the image of the personality of kindergarten teachers, and love and friendliness were the most common words that the parents mentioned. As for an ideal image of kindergarten teacher, they wanted kindergarten teachers to love preschoolers, to have a good and friendly personality, to see through young children's eyes and to be positive and happy. It indicated that the parents expected their children to be educated by teachers who are understanding, cheerful, have a good personality and love children as their own children.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1904-1926
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• 2016

Iris recognition for biometric personnel identification has gained much interest owing to the increasing concern with security today. The image quality plays a major role in the performance of iris recognition systems. When capturing an iris image under uncontrolled conditions and dealing with non-cooperative people, the chance of getting non-ideal images is very high owing to poor focus, off-angle, noise, motion blur, occlusion of eyelashes and eyelids, and wearing glasses. In order to improve the accuracy of iris recognition while dealing with non-ideal iris images, we propose a novel algorithm that improves the quality of degraded iris images. First, the iris image is localized properly to obtain accurate iris boundary detection, and then the iris image is normalized to obtain a fixed size. Second, the valid region (iris region) is extracted from the segmented iris image to obtain only the iris region. Third, to get a well-distributed texture image, bilinear interpolation is used on the segmented valid iris gray image. Using contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) enhances the low contrast of the resulting interpolated image. The results of CLAHE are further improved by stretching the maximum and minimum values to 0-255 by using histogram-stretching technique. The gray texture information is extracted by 1D Gabor filters while the Hamming distance technique is chosen as a metric for recognition. The NICE-II training dataset taken from UBRIS.v2 was used for the experiment. Results of the proposed method outperformed other methods in terms of equal error rate (EER).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.740-753
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• 2010

This study analyzes the motives of Korean women for choosing breast augmentation in a cultural and relational context; in addition, it investigates their evaluations after surgery. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with 10 Korean women in their 20s and 30s who have received cosmetic breast augmentation. Enlarged and made-up breasts are a form of clothing that symbolizes the socio-economic status of women. In the vertical and individualized Korean society, the desire of women for a fashionable body invigorated the appearance management market. Fashion consumers have passively internalized the ideal body trends as the concept of the ideal body-image, which has been constructed by the social structure, markets, and the media. The analysis was rooted in post-modern feminist perspectives on the female body. The ideal body-image internalization process through the social interactions of participants was the main cultural factor to choose breast surgery. The self-image and conformity/individuality of participant were categorized as relational factors for the motivation to undergo breast surgery. The result showed that after surgery the participants achieved positive feedback from their social relationships. They expressed or hid their socio-economic statuses through their purchased fashion bodies. They also showed higher self-esteem and feelings of satisfaction by pursuing individuality and conformity as a member of society. Moreover, they achieved wider fashion options and greater controls over their public/private/secret clothing choices for certain occasions. Cosmetic breast surgery positively empowered individual women while reinforcing the socially manipulated body ideals that oppress women at the same time. Participants internalized socially constructed values and justified their surgery choices.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.382-391
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• 2015

People are exposed to diverse images and naturally find images to express themselves to others for personalsatisfaction. They present ideal images that they desire to obtain or actual images that they already have. People find differences between ideal images and actual images as well astry to overcome differences by managing appearance or purchasing fashion items. The congruence between real and ideal self-images and perceived body images stimulate clothing involvement or consumer confidence to influence fashion innovativeness and fashion opinion leadership. Fashion leaders are known for confidence when making buying decisions on new fashion products and are more likely to influence other consumers to buy new items. This study useda structural equation model to understand the influence of perceived self and body image on clothing involvement and consumer confidence as well as define how perceived images influence fashion leadership through clothing involvement and consumer confidence. The results of this study indicated that self-image congruence has a positive impact on social body image and personal body image. A positive influence of perceived body image on clothing involvement and consumer confidence was also detected. Fashion opinion leadership could be explained by clothing involvement and consumer confidence; however, fashion innovativeness could only be explained by consumer confidence.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.27 no.1_2
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• pp.217-231
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• 2009

The notion of *-medial pseudo BCI-algebras is introduced, and its characterization is discussed. The concepts of associative pseudo ideals (resp. pseudo p-ideals, pseudo q-ideals and pseudo a-ideals) are introduced, and related properties are investigated. Conditions for a pseudo ideal to be a pseudo p-ideal (resp. pseudo q-ideal) are provided. A characterization of an associative pseudo ideal is given. We finally show that every pseudo BCI-homomorphic image and preimage of an associative pseudo ideal (resp. a pseudo p-ideal, a pseudo q-ideal and a pseudo a-ideal) is also an associative pseudo ideal (resp. a pseudo p-ideal, a pseudo q-ideal and a pseudo a-ideal).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.33
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• pp.41-54
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• 1997

The objectives of this study were to find out the relationships between clothing style pre-ferences and self-image and to examine the differences in clothing style preferences ac-cording to marital status educational level and social stratification of women. The drawings of clothing style were designed referring to the catalogues for spring/summer of 1996 and printed by computer 6 styles of suit corresponding to clothing image were selected. Style A is a brown suit decorated with scarf style B a grey suit with stripes C a yellow suit with printed pattern D a grey and beige suit E a chanel suit decorated with corsage and F a blue suit with pleated skirt. The self-image was separated to the actual self-image and the ideal self-image. Samples were 226 women(ages 18 to 37) in Seoul Korea. The results of the study were the followings. 1. Clothing images of 6 styles were estimated; Style A was plain conservative formal and gentle image ; B masculine solid actual dark and plain image; C feminine romantic bright and splendid image; D actual ordinary un-fashionable and plain image; E feminine ten-der romantic and non-active image ; F indi-vidual fshionable open casual sprightly and active image. 2. There were significant relationships be-tween clothing style preferences and realistic self-image. The women who considered them-selves as masculine preferred style B mascu-line and plain image. The women feminine and conservative preferred style E feminine and tender image. The women not to follow the fshion preferred style D ordinary and plain image. The women informal and open pre-ferred the style F casual and active image. 3. There were significant relationships be-tween clothing style preferences and ideal self-image. The women who wanted to be-tween clothing style preferences and ideal self-image. The women who wanted to be con-sidered themselves as feminine and conserva-tive preferred style E feminine and tender im-age. The women who wanted gentle and con-servative preferred style D ordinary and plain image. The women who wanted sprightly pre-ferred the style F casual and active image. 4. There were significant differences in clothing style preferences according to marital status educational level and social stratifi-cation. The women with more eduacation pre-ferred the splendid and the plain image at the same time. The upper class preferred feminine image and lower class casual and active image.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2010

Purpose: In an attempt to investigate the ideal body image, body importance and body satisfaction by gender role identity, this study was carried out in male college students. Methods: The subjects were 323 male college students in all of Korea except Jeju province. The data was collected by using the questionnaires, Korean Sex Role Inventory and modified Multidimensional Body-Self Questionnaire. Results: Normal shape ranked first as ideal body image in all 4 types of gender role identity. Androgyny, femininity and masculinity type were significantly higher than undifferentiated type in body importance. And androgyny and masculinity type were significantly higher than femininity and undifferentiated type in body satisfaction. Conclusion: Androgyny and masculinity type were positively related to self body image, but undifferentiated type was negatively related to compared with androgyny and masculinity type. And to reinforce androgyny and masculinity in male college students, various programs should be developed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.44-58
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• 2012

The purpose of this research is to contemplate chronological changes of Korean actress facial image and fashion from 1960s to 1990s and to identify Korean women's ideal beauty reflected through the times. Adjectives describing representative actresses of each studied decade were collected from major newspapers and magazines. Korean women's ideal beauty was divided into 4 sub-types such as youthful, pure, sophisticate, and sexy images. As a result of analyzing actress facial image and fashion, youthful and pure beauties were found consistently over the studied periods. Representative characteristics of sophisticate and sexy beauties have been changed over the studied periods which were influenced by socio-cultural environment factors. The result of this research can provide meaningful sources for historical drama, celebrity marketing strategy planning, and personal image consulting.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.953-963
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• 2000

This study intended to analyse the factors of brand image and brand image positioning of domestic 20’s female apparel(formal wear) among the consumer groups segmented by benefits sought in apparel and to provide marketing strategy of brand image. The subject of this study were 605 working women in their 20’s living in seoul, and the model sampling was done by convenienced sampling method based on the subjects age and occupation. Survey based on references and former studies was used. and statistical methods such as frequency, percentage, mean, factor analysis, preference regression were applied. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The factor structures of brand image were classified into symbolism/aesthetics, and practicality. 2. Perception, ideal preference vector, and brand preference of brand image were proven to be significantly different among the four segmented consumer groups.