• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.496-504
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary intake, obesity index and psychosocial factors influencing obesity among 200 high school girls in Seoul. The Social Cognitive Theory provided the Conceptual basis for this study. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to examine factors related to obesity, including self-efficacy for controlling overeating, social support for eating behavior, perception of body image and weight control, nutrition knowledge, and attitudes toward obesity. The data were analyzed using t-test and multiple logistic regression. The results of this study are as follows : 1) The mean age of the girls was 16.4 years, and the rate of overweight and obesity(measured by obesity index) was 27.0$\%$. 2) The mean energy intake of subjects was 1832.3$\pm$384.0kcal. The energy derived from carbohydrates, proteins and fats was 62.7$\%$, 13.8$\%$, and 23.5$\%$, respectively. There was no significant difference between the obese and the comparison group in energy intake. 3) The result of multivariate analysis indicated that obesity had a significant relation to the perception of ideal body image, social support for eating behavior, and self-efficacy for controlling overeating(p〈0.01). As subjects preferred thinner body images(OR=0.39) and received less social support(OR=0.93), the odds of being classified as obese increased. The odds of being obese were also associated with self-efficacy, however, the relation was not strong(OR=1.04). 4) Specific social support was related to obesity among adolescent girls. As subjects received more support from family member, the odds of being obese decreased. The emotional support as well as family member's positive nutrition behavior plays a significant role. In addition, instrumental support from friends was associated with obesity. With repect to self-efficacy, the odds of being obese were increased as subjects felt less confident in controlling overeating when tempting food was placed in front of them or after an argument. In contrast, the obese group felt more confident in controlling overeating for the rest of the specific situations examined. These findings suggest that educational interventions for weight control should incorporate strategies to help participants realize their degree of obesity, to reduce the discrepancy between current and ideal body image, to elicit and maintain social support from friends and family, and to increase the self-efficacy for changing eating behaviors. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(4) : 496-504, 1997)

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2019

본 연구는 4차 산업시대를 살고 있는 한국여성들의 헤어 트랜드 정립화에 기여하고자 연령, 학력, 결혼 여부, 직업군, 월평균 소득, 거주지 등 인구통계학적 특성요인들에 따른 헤어커트의 선호도에 관하여 분석하였다. 설문지 배포 후 수합된 305부의 설문지를 통계분석을 실시하였다. 설문지 분석 결과 연령대가 높아질수록 그레쥬에이션 형태를 많이 하는 것을 확인하였으며, 인구통계학적 특성에 따라 차이가 각각 상이(相異)하게 나타났다(p<0.05). 이러한 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 여성 헤어커트의 형태와 차이를 분석함으로써 4차 산업혁명시대를 살고 있는 한국 여성들의 세련되고 혁신적인 헤어 트랜드 정립화에 기여하고자 한다. 본 연구를 통해 한국여성 본인에게 부합되는 가장 이상적인 헤어스타일을 찾을 수 있으며, 향후 다양하고 창조적인 뉴 모드의 헤어스타일에 대한 개발의 시발점으로 작용할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 헤어미용 교육의 기초자료로 활용되어 여성의 개성을 뚜렷하게 표현할 수 있는 객관적 지표로 적극적으로 사용될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.435-442
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• 2000

대구효성가톨릭대학교 여대생 412명과 일본의 후쿠오카 지역 여대생 423명을 대상으로 설문지 및 신체계측을 통하여 조사한 청년기 여대생의 자기체형인식과 수척하기 원하는 조절 지향 및 사회적 체형 불안도를 알아본 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 조사대상자의 평균연령은 대구지역은 $19.2{\pm}2.1$세이며 신장은 $159.6{\pm}4.9cm$, 평균체중은 $51.2{\pm}6.0kg$로 BMI 수치는 $20.1{\pm}2.2$이었다. 이 수치는 한국인 20대 여자 평균 체중인 53 Kg 보다는 조금 낮았으며 키는 160cm로 근접한 수치를 보여주고 있다. 일본의 후쿠오카 지역 대상자는 $18.3{\pm}0.6$세이며 신장은 $157{\pm}5.0cm$, 평균체중은 $53.3{\pm}6.9kg$로 BMI 수치는 $21.5{\pm}2.5$이었다. 2. 대구지역 여대생의 이상적으로 생각하는 신상, 체중 및 BMI와 현실치와의 차는 희망신장은 $164.7{\pm}2.9cm$로 실제 그들의 평균 신장보다 $5.1{\pm}4.1cm$의 차이를 보였고 이상적체중은 $48.7{\pm}2.9kg$로 실제체중보다 $-2.6{\pm}5.0kg$로 적게 나타났다. 또한 이상적인 BMI수치를 보면 $18.0{\pm}1.0$로 실제 BMI수치보다 $-2.2{\pm}2.0$ 더 낮은 BMI수치를 선호함을 보여주었다. 후쿠오카 지역 대상자의 이상적으로 생각하는 신장, 체중 및 BMI와 현실치와의 차는 이상신장은 $160.7{\pm}3.5cm$로 실제 그들이 평균 신장보다 $3.2{\pm}4.2cm$의 차이를 보였고 이상적 체중은 $47.9{\pm}3.4kg$로 실제체중보다 $-5.4{\pm}5.8kg$로 적게 나타났다. 또한 이상적인 BMI수치를 보면 $18.5{\pm}1.2$로 실제 BMI수치보다 $-3.0{\pm}2.2$ 더 낮은 BMI수치 선호함을 보여주었다. 대구 및 후쿠오카 양 지역 대상자는 이상체형에서는 마른 쪽으로의 선호 경향이 높았다. 3. 체중조절지향도에서는 대구지역 대상자 중 좀더 마르기를 희망하는 학생의 수는 285명으로 전체의 70.1%를 나타냈으며, 좀 더 살찌기를 희망하는 학생의 수는 30명으로 전체의 7.3%, 현 상태에 만족하면서 그대로의 유지를 원하는 학생의 수는 93으로 22.6%이었다. 일본의 후쿠오카 지역의 대상차들 중 좀더 마르기를 희망하는 학생의 수는 361명으로 전체의 85.6%를 나타냈으며, 좀 더 살찌기를 희망하는 학생의 수는 93명으로 전체의 2.6%, 현 상태에 만족하면서 그대로의 유지를 원하는 학생의 수는 51명으로 전체의 12.1%였다. 4. 실제체형과 자기평가체형과의 비교 평가율에서는 과대 평가율이 대구지역은 56.5% 후쿠오카지역은 57.2%로 나타났으며 정당평가율은, 39.1%. 40.3% 과소평가율은 4.4%, 2.3%이 었다. 5. 대구지역 대상자의 체형평가에 따른 사회적 체형 불안도는 전체 대상자의 평균치는 28점이었으며 여윔에서는 너무 살찜으로 갈수록 사회적 체형 불안도가 상승하는 경향을 나타내었다. 후쿠오카 지역 대상자의 체형평가에 따른 사회적 체형 불안도는 전체 대상자의 평균치는 34점이었으며 여윔에서는 너무 살찜으로 갈수록 사회적 체형불안도가 상승하는 경향을 나타내었다. 후쿠오카 지역의 체형 불안 도가 대구지역보다 유의적으로 높았다. 한 일 여대생의 자기 체형인식 및 체형 불안도에 관한 비교연구에서 한국여대생이 일본여대생보다 평균 신장은 크고 평균체중은 적으며 이상적으로 생각하는 신장은 한국이 일본보다 더 크고 체중은 비슷하였다. 체중조절지향도는 한국여대생보다 일본여대생이 마르기를 희망하는 율이 더 높고 체형의 과대평가율은 한국여대생과 일본여대생이 비슷하였으며 사회적 체형불안도는 일본여대생이 대구여대생보다 높았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.974-980
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• 2014

In semi-arid areas of Southern Africa, dehydration can compromise the performance and welfare of local chickens, particularly during the growing period when confinement is curtailed and birds are left to scavenge for feed and water. The effect of water restriction on the growth performance was compared in Naked Neck (NNK) and Ovambo (OVB) chickens that are predominant in Southern Africa. A total of 54 eight-wk-old pullets each of NNK and OVB chickens with an initial average weight of $641{\pm}10g/bird$ were randomly assigned to three water intake treatments, each having six birds for 8 wk. The water restriction treatments were ad libitum, 70% of ad libitum and 40% of ad libitum intake. Nine experimental pens with a floor space of $3.3m^2$ per strain were used. The pens were housed in an open-sided house with cement floor deep littered with a 20 cm layer of untreated wood shavings. Feed was provided ad libitum. Average daily water intake (ADWI), BW at 16 weeks of age (FBW), ADG, ADFI, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and water to feed ratios (WFR) were determined. Ovambo chickens had superior (p<0.05) FBW, ADG and ADWI than NNK chickens. Body weight of birds at 16 weeks of age, ADG, ADFI, ADWI, and WFR declined progressively (p<0.05) with increasing severity of water restriction while FCR values increased (p<0.05) as the severity of water restriction increased. Naked Neck chickens had better FCR at the 40% of ad libitum water intake level than Ovambo chickens. The dressing percentage per bird was higher in water restricted birds than those on ad libitum water consumption, irrespective of strain. Heart weight was significantly lower in birds on 40% of ad libitum water intake than those on ad libitum and 70% of ad libitum water intake, respectively. In conclusion, NNK chickens performed better than OVB chickens under conditions of water restriction and would be ideal to raise for meat and egg production in locations where water shortages are a major challenge.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify current housing status and housing awareness such as housing values, satisfaction, and preferences among households with one child. Data were obtained from a questionnaire completed by both husbands and wives living in metropolitan area and aged between 25 and 45. Selected variables were the age, education level, and employment status of housewives, ideal number of children, monthly income, plan to give birth, and so on. Using purposive sampling method, five hundred questionnaires were administered and 360 questionnaires were analyzed. In accordance with the questions related to housing values, housing satisfaction of respondents was examined. In order to compare the housing values, preferences, and satisfaction among diverse variables of respondents, mean, t-test, F test, Duncan's multiple range test, $x^2$ test, and factor analysis were used. The major findings of this study are as follows: First, there were significant differences in current housing type, tenure type, and floor area according to housewives' age, education level, monthly income, and plan to give birth. Interestingly, households not having a plan to give birth in the future were living in larger house than the households having a plan to give birth. Second, housing values of households with one child were divided into 4 factors-environmental comfort, economy and convenience, social status symbolism, and adequacy of space planning. Items related to privacy showed the biggest difference between housing values and housing satisfaction. Third, most of the respondents wanted larger house than current housing. However, the need for quality of housing including floor area and amenities was significantly higher among households not having a plan to give another birth than households having a plan to give birth in the future.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.261-286
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• 2009

경력개발이나 경력이동에 관한 연구가 최근 들어 활발하게 이루어지고 있음에도 불구하고 국내 사서직계에서만은 경력개발에 대한 연구가 거의 이루어지고 있지 않고 있는 것이 현실이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 사서인력의 경력이동 및 경력개발의 한 분야로 공공도서관 관장의 경력이동 및 개발 현황에 대해서 조사하고자 하였다. 현직 공공도서관 관장을 대상으로 설문조사를 수행하였으며, 공공도서관 관장의 경력개발부분에서는 입직시 연령, 경력출발유형, 최초로 관장이 된 시기, 경력이동에 영향을 주는 요인, 직장이동경로 및 경력단계별 근무년수, 관장이 되기까지 바꾼 부서의 횟수, 교육훈련의 기회 등에 대해서 분석하였다. 또한 응답자가 도서관 관장이 되기까지 어떠한 노력을 하였는지를 알아보고자 하였으며, 그 결과 설문에 응한 현직 관장은 도서관 관장이 되기 위해 45.1%가 지식과 능력개발을 위하여 노력하였다고 응답하였고, 23.6%가 정직과 성실성 향상 등 인성관련 노력을 하였다고 응답하였으며 도서관에 대한 적성과 자기관리 노력을 하였다는 응답자도 12.8%나 되었다. 공공도서관 관장의 경력개발과정 분석을 통해 공공도서관 관장이 되기 위한 경력개발과정을 발견하고 이상적인 경력개발 경로를 제시할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.97-109
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• 1980

In Korea, the collapse of traditional Patriarchal family system has caused the weakening the patriarchal authority which represents the decrease of traditional attitude of respect for old age, influenced by the strong tendency of Materialism in ethics. The urgent problem is how to solve the conflicts of the alienation almost every old people has felt from the society and family which they belong to and how to harmonize the respect for old age who used to have had in the past. From 21st to 30th of July 1979, I explored the small village in Cheju Island with eight students which I selected on purpose that village had preserved the traditionalism. I collected the interview data form a sample of 221 persons of the village in Cheju Island. I studied this small village in Cheju Island for the intention of suggesting the ideal model of regional society which both traditional and non-formal, although the phenomena of nuclear family system and materialism and industrialism are overwhelming in ur present society. Generally people in Cheju Island are economically poor and major occupation is farming, since the industrialization proceeds very slowly and there still strongly remains the traditionalism. Alienation and dissatisfaction of old people from their family and society in Cheju island are less common in comparison to the main land. Old people in Cheju Island usually value the importance of labour. Divison of labour has been well observed in farming, and men and women in Cheju island are equally regarded in comparison to the main land. Old people are independent economically and spiritually from their offsprings and they organize the nuclear family system firmly. Also the old generation is ready to compromise with the new generation and they defy the authoritariansim.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.300-308
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• 2011

Purpose: The goal of reduction mammaplasty is breast with natural cone shape, minimizing scars, well-placed and sensate nipple-areolar area and maintaining breast physiology. In order to satisfy that goal, variable reduction mammaplasty methods are performed, however, two methods such as vertical reduction method and inverted T-scar method are currently most used. We compared indications and advantages of the two methods and set up useful guidlines. Methods: For 15 years from 1995 to 2010, we experienced 84 patients (162 breasts). We performed vertical reduction method as Lejour's superior pedicle technique (45 patients) and inverted T-scar method as Goldwyn's inferior dermal flap technique (39 patients). We evaluated the result of the operation comparing patient's age, amount of resected tissue, complications and post-operative scars of the two methods. Results: The mean age was 36 years and the vertical reduction group was 3 years younger than inverted T-scar group. The mean breast tissue resection amount per one breast, inverted T-scar group (712 gm) was lagger than vertical reduction group (395 gm). Conclusion: There is no ideal method for reduction mammaplasty until now. However, we suggest that guide line, the vertical reduction method is effective for minimal and moderate macromastia in young and middle aged women and inverted T-scar method is appropriate for severe macromastia with ptosis in elderly women. Recently, all procedures tried shorter and smaller scar on the vertical line as small I, J or L shape scar, and inframammary fold as short inverted T-scar.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1327-1336
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• 1992

Between Jan. 1986 and Aug. 1992. 72 patients underwent Rastelli procedure. There were 43 male and 29 female, aged 46 days to 16 years [mean age, 5.2 years] with 18 patients less than 2 years of age. All patients had complex defect, 27 pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect, 18 corrected transposition of great arteries with pulmonary atresia or punmonary stenosis, 10 truncus arteriosus, 10 double outlet right ventricle with pulmonary atresia or stenosis, 7 complete transposition of great artersia with pulmonary atresia or pulmonary stenosis. The types of extracardiac valved conduit used were prosthetic valve[n=47, 24 car-bomedics, 19 Ionescu-Shiley, 4 Bjork-shiley] and hand-made trileaflet valve using pericardium. [n=23, 20 bovine pericardium, Z autologous pericardium, 1 equine pericardium] The mean size of valved cinduit was 5.25mm larger in diameter than the size of main pulmonary artery. [normalized to the patient`s body surface area] There were 17 hospital death[24%] and 4 late deaths[5.6%]. Postoperative complication rate was 38.9%a, none of which was conduit-related. All patients were followed pos-toperatively for 1 to 73 months. [mean 25.8 months] During follow-up period, reoperation was done in 6 patients due to stenosis of valved conduit. Mean interval between intial repair and reoperation was 20.3 months. In our experience, li recently extracardaic valved conduits between right ventricle [or pulmonary ventricle] and pulmonary artery were inserted with increasing frequency in infants less than 2 year, but hospital mortality was decreased, 2] Risk of reoperation due to conduit stenosis is low, so that the effect of graft failure on overall survival is minimized. 3] Nevertheless, because any type of extracardaic valved conduit is not ideal in children, we recommended that Lecompte should be done if cardiac anatomy is permitted.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2005

This Study investigated kindergarten parents' attitude, satisfaction and demand in the school meal service programs (SMSP). The subjects were 2450 parents that their child attended at kindergarten's SMSP from 16 provinces. To com-pared children's eating habits according to their parent age group and residence area, the percentage of regularly breakfast eating were lower in 'below 30 years old' group and large city residence than 'above 30 years old' group and middle and small city residence. And taking breakfast item was partially different pattern according parent age, 'below 30 years old' group and large city child ate more bread and milk as breakfast than Korean style breakfast with steamed rice and soup and side dish. In the prefer types of school meal service, most prefer types of meal service was fully meal service at kindergarten, $79.1\%$ subjects wanted this type. But 'below 30 years old' group's parent answered 'lunch box brings from home' ratio was higher than 'above 30 years old' group. Most parents accepted the present meal cost and $63.8\%$ of subjects was willing to pay more money to improve the quality of SMSP Twenty-six precent parents was responded that no improvement children's eating habit through SMSP. And they answered the key point of SMSP management was 'cooking sanitation'($65.1\%$) and 'nutrition' ($50.0\%$) and they answered the urgent improvement point at SMSP was 'Improvement taste and quality of meal' ($62.6\%$). Kindergarten parents' attitude about catering service as SMSP as not to prefer, but $10.4\%$ of subjects answered that catering service is ideal meal service type in kindergarten and they expected the advantage of catering service was 'convenience of foodservice'($40.7\%$) and 'support foodservice facilities and labor'($32.4\%$) and they also pointed out disadvantage was 'lower in meal freshness'($53.9\%$) and 'sanitation Problem'($51.9\%$).