• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.403-412
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• 2018

Medium-scale tests were conducted to measure and observe the strength and failure behavior of freshwater ice rubble. A custom box measuring $3.05m{\times}0.94m{\times}0.94m$, with Plexiglas walls was built so that failure mechanisms could be observed. Ice rubble beams of nominal thickness 50 cm were produced by placing randomly sized ice pieces into the box filled with water at its freezing temperature. After the specified consolidation time, ranging between 0.2 and 70.5 h, the ice rubble beam was deformed by pushing a platen vertically downwards though the center of the beam until failure. For consolidation times less than 4 h, the ice beam failed progressively and tended to fail by shearing on macroscopic scale. At times greater than 4 h the beam failed by bending. The change in failure behaviour has been attributed to the degree of bonding between ice blocks.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• 제73권9호
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• pp.1263-1268
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• 2018

Three different ice core samples from Antarctica were analyzed to identify activity concentrations of radioactive isotopes. Tracking migration of radioactive isotopes to Antarctica can provide a key clue to understand global environmental changes caused by radiation exposures because the Antarctic ice cores can preserve unique characteristics of various environmental conditions. We are particularly interested in the $^{137}Cs$ nucleus, because it is closely related to radiation exposure from nuclear power plant accidents and nuclear bomb tests. With its half life of $30.17{\pm}0.03$ years, $^{137}Cs$ can also be used to assess the age of sedimentation occurring after around the year 1945. We selected three ice core samples, called Tarn8, Styx27, and H25, from different time periods; the Tarn8 sample is known to be from earlier than ~ 1000 AD, the Styx27 sample is approximately from the year 1945, and the H25 sample is from the year 2012. Radioactive isotope measurements of the ice core samples were performed using a 100% HPGe detector at Cheongpyeong Underground Radiation Laboratory (CURL). We measured the activity of $^{137}Cs$ in the H25 sample to be $0.98{\pm}0.82mBq/kg$. Although the activity has a large uncertainty mainly due to the limited sample quantity, the $^{137}Cs$ isotopes in the Antarctic ice core were measured for the first time in Korea.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.577-588
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• 1995

A numerical study is made on the melting process of an unconstrained ice inside an isothermal ice-ball capsule. The unmelted ice core is continuously ascending on account of buoyancy forces. Such a buoyancy-assisted melting is commonly characterized by the existence of a thin liquid film above the ice core. The present study is motivated to present a full-equation-based analysis of the influences of the initial subcooling and the natural convection on the fluid flow associated with the buoyancy-assisted melting. In the light of the solution strategy, the present study is substantially distinguished from the existing works in that the complete set of governing equations in both the melted and unmelted regions are resolved in one domain. Numerical results are obtained by varying the wall temperature and initial temperature. The present results reported the transition of the flow pattern in a spherical capsule, as the wall temperature was increased over the density inversion point. In addition, time wise variation of the shapes for the liquid film and the lower ice surface, the time rate of change in the melt volume fraction and the melting distance at symmetric line is analyzed and is presented.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.37-49
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to measure the oral temperature, skin temperature, and subjective discomfort according to the application time of ice bag on thigh, head, and abdomen. This study was also intended to suggest nursing principles about ice bag application by exploring the recovery time of skin temperature after the removal of ice bag. The design of this study was $8{\times}3$ factorial design with one sample repeated measure. Here, the application time of ice bag(criteria, 5min, 10min, 20min, 30min, 40min, 50min, 60min) and the application site of ice bag(thigh, head, abdomen) were independent variables. The subjects were 10 university woman students, and data collection was made from July, 1 to August 30, 1992. Rubber ice bag halfly filled with ice was covered with towel and applied on thigh, head and abdomen in other three days. Before applying the ice bag, oral temperature and skin temperature were checked for criteria. After ice bag was applied, skin temperature, oral temperature and VAS score were checked at first 5 minutes elapsed, and every 10 minutes until 60 minutes. After that, ice bag was removed, and oral temperature and skin temperature were also measured every ten minutes until 60 minutes. In this study, skin temperature and core temperature were measured by thermistor probe, and subjective discomfort was measured by 200mm VAS (Visual Analogue Scale). Some of the findings were as follows : 1. There were significant differences in skin temperature among the three application sites of ice bag as time go by. It was most decreased to $15.87^{\circ}C$ in thigh, and $19.47^{\circ}C$ in abdomen at 50 minutes after the application of ice bag, whereas $26.1^{\circ}C$ at 40 minutes in head. Before the application of ice bag, skin temperature showed significant differences in three sites, so that they were compared after the criteria was covariated. In other words, there was significantly more decrease of skin temperature in thigh and abdomen than head, after ice bag was applied for 20 minutes and more. 2. There was no significant difference in core temperature among the three application sites of ice bag during the time of application 3. There was no significant difference in subjective discomfort (VAS) among the three application sites of ice bag. 4. After the removal of ice bag, the recovery of skin temperature was significantly different in three sites during first 30 minutes. In head, skin temperature came up to criteria at 30 minutes after the removal of ice bag, but it was not recovered In thigh and abdomen even 60 minutes elapsed. 5. After the removal of ice bag, there was no significant difference in oral temperature among the three application sites of ice bag. 6. There was significant correlation between the skin temperature and VAS score only in thigh. In conclusion, it is suggested that head in more suitable site for the application of ice bag if it is used for the relief of fever or pain. When we apply ice bag on thigh or abdomen for the relief of pain, careful attention is required.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 선진국형의 종합적인 빙하코어 연구를 수행하기 위해서 요구되는 빙하시료 전처리 방법 설정과 기초 프록시 분석 기술을 확립하였다. 빙하코어 시료는 2008년 6월에 국제공동으로 몽골 알타이 산맥의 참바가라브산에서 시추한 40.2 m 길이의 빙하코어를 활용하였다. 빙하코어의 기초 프록시인 시각적 층위구분과 ECM 측정은 1차 절삭한 빙하코어의 절단면에서 수행하였으며, 2차 절삭과정을 통해 물 안정동위원소 분석용 시료 1,935개와 화학적 프록시 분석을 위한 시료 374개를 확보하였다. 전체 빙하코어의 시각적 층위구분 결과 총 29개의 불용성 입자층이 관찰되었으며, ECM 측정으로 11개의 ECM 신호 피크를 찾아냈다. 극지연구소에서 제작한 용융장치를 활용하여 분석한 $SO_4{^{2-}}$ 및 $Cl^-$의 농도와 상부 0.7 m와 1.2 m 깊이의 ECM 신호 피크의 비교 결과는 이들 ECM 신호 피크가 러시아 캄차카반도의 Kliuchevskoi 화산 분출과 연관된 것을 보여준다. 이러한 결과는 극지연구소에서 자체 제작한 ECM 측정 시스템으로 분석한 ECM 자료의 신뢰성이 높다는 것을 나타낸다. 마지막으로 참바가라브 빙하코어의 상부 5 m에서 분석한 물 안정동위원소비의 변화는 뚜렷한 계절 주기성을 보이고 있고, 이 결과는 참바가라브 빙하코어의 화학적 프록시 기록이 후퇴적과정에 의해 크게 교란되지 않았다는 것을 지시한다. 본 연구에서 확립한 빙하시료 전처리 방법 설정과 기초 프록시 분석 기술은 앞으로 우리나라가 독자적으로 남북극 및 고산지역에서 시추하는 빙하코어에 적용하여 다양한 고기후 및 고환경 연구에 활용될 것이다.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.438-439
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• 1999

남극은 인위적인 오염원에서 멀리 떨어져 있고 가장 깨끗한 환경을 유지하고 있기 때문에 배경환경으로써 평가되어져 왔다. 따라서 ice core 안에서, 시간에 따른 용해성 이온종들의 조성 변화는 지구 대기조성 변화를 나타내는 것으로 알려져있다. 특히 ice cores나 눈 속에 존재하는 황산염과 MSA(Methan Sulfonic Acid)는 해양생물의 활동도 변화론 연구하는데 있어 유용한 도구를 제공해주며, 그것은 과거 기상적 변화와 관련이 있다.(중략)

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.227-236
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• 2002

For ten firn cores, from both the eastern and the western side of Lambert Glacier basin (LGB), snow accumulation rate and isotopic temperature were measured far the recent 50 years. Results show that snow accumulation for five cores over the eastern side of LGB (GC30, GD03, GD15, DT001, and DT085) at Wilks Land and Princess Elizabeth Land increases, whereas it decreases at the western side (Core E, DML05, W200, LGB 16, and MGA) at Dronning Maud Land, Mizuho Plateau and Kamp Land. For the past decades, the increasing rate was $0.34-2.36kg\;m^{-2}a^{-1}$ at the eastern side and the decreasing rate was $-0.01\;-\;-2.36kg\;m^{-2}\;a^{-1}$ at the western side. Temperatures at the eastern LGB were also increased with the rate of $0.02%o\;a^{-l}$. At the western LGB it was difficult to see clear trends, which were confirmed by Instrumental temperature records at coastal stations. Although statistic analysis and modeling results display that both surface temperature and accumulation rate has increased trends in Antarctic ice sheet during 1950-2000, the regional distributions were much more different for different geographic areas. We believe that ice-core records at Wilks Land and Princess Elizabeth Land reflect the real variations of SST and moisture change in the southern India Ocean. For the Kamp Land and Dronning Maud Land, however circulation pattern was different, by which the climate was more complicated. The International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ITASE) aimed to reveal an overall spatial pattern of climate change over Antarctic ice sheet for the past 200 years. This study points the importance of continental to regional circulation to annual-decadal scale climate change in Antarctica.

• 천문학회보
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.73.2-73.2
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• 2010

In order to understand internal dynamics of starless cores, molecular line emissions are usually observed. From profiles of the molecular lines, internal motions of starless cores have been deduced using a simple radiative transfer model such as the two-layer model (Myers et al.1996). This brings complexities arising from the chemical evolution. The motivation of this study is to follow the chemical evolution of a starless core that goes through gravitational contraction. For this purpose, we have performed hydrodynamical simulations with a marginally unstable Bonnor-Ebert sphere as an initial condition. We follow the chemical evolution of this core with changing conditions such as the chemical reaction rate at the dust surface and the strength of radiation field that penetrate into the core. At the core center, the molecules suffer from a higher degree of molecular depletion on the dust covered by ice rather than on the bare silicate dust. The stronger radiation field dissociates more molecules at the core envelope. From analysis on the line profile using the two-layer model, we found that the speed of inward motion deduced from the HCN F = 2-1 line adequately traces the true infall speed, when the dust is covered by ice and the core is exposed to the diffuse interstellar radiation field. Under different conditions, the two-layer model significantly underestimate the infall speed.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.241-250
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• 2006

LNG지하저장 핵심기술 중 하나인 ice ring 형성을 열-수리 역학 해석을 통해 분석하였다. ice ring은 극저온물질의 누출에 대한 이차방벽 역할과 지하수의 저장공동 침투에 대한 일차방벽역할을 수행한다. 따라서 ice ring의 두께와 위치는 콘크리트와 PU foam 및 멤브레인으로 구성된 일차방호재의 무결성 유지에 있어서 핵심인자가 된다. 수치해석을 통해 이러한 ice ring의 위치와 두께를 추정하였으며 온도와 지하수위 결과를 계측치와 비교하였다. 수치해석결과는 PU foam 열전도도의 온도의존성과 지하수의 상변화를 고려한 경우 파일럿 공동에서 측정한 계측치와 잘 일치하였다. 본 논문에서 제시한 수치해석 기법은 실규모 저장시설의 설계에 있어서 ice ring 형성을 모델링하는 데에 바로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.2105-2108
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• 2011