Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2018.02.007

The effects of consolidation time on the strength and failure behavior of freshwater ice rubble  

Shayanfar, Hamid (C-CORE)
Bailey, Eleanor (C-CORE)
Pritchett, Robert (C-CORE)
Taylor, Rocky (C-CORE)
Publication Information
International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering / v.10, no.3, 2018 , pp. 403-412 More about this Journal
Abstract
Medium-scale tests were conducted to measure and observe the strength and failure behavior of freshwater ice rubble. A custom box measuring $3.05m{\times}0.94m{\times}0.94m$, with Plexiglas walls was built so that failure mechanisms could be observed. Ice rubble beams of nominal thickness 50 cm were produced by placing randomly sized ice pieces into the box filled with water at its freezing temperature. After the specified consolidation time, ranging between 0.2 and 70.5 h, the ice rubble beam was deformed by pushing a platen vertically downwards though the center of the beam until failure. For consolidation times less than 4 h, the ice beam failed progressively and tended to fail by shearing on macroscopic scale. At times greater than 4 h the beam failed by bending. The change in failure behaviour has been attributed to the degree of bonding between ice blocks.
Keywords
Ice rubble; Ridges; Consolidation time; Shear strength; Flexural strength;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Schwarz, J., Frederking, R., Gavrillo, V., Petrov, I.G., Hirayama, K.I., Mellor, M., Tryde, P., Vaudrey, K.D., 1981. Standardized testing methods for measuring properties of ice. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 4, 245-253.   DOI
2 Serre, N., Repetto-Llamazares, A.H., Hoyland, K.V., 2011. Experiments on the relation between freeze-bonds and ice rubble strength, Part I: Shear box experiments. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions, Montreal, Canada.
3 Croasdale, K.R., 2012. A simple model for first-year ridge loads on sloping structures. In: Proceedings. IceTech, Banff.
4 Fransson, L., Sandkvist, J., 1985. Brash ice shear properties - laboratory tests. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions, vol. 1, pp. 75-87. Narssarssuaq, Greenland.
5 Gale, A., Wong, T., Sego, D., Morgenstern, N., 1987. Stress-strain behavior of cohesionless broken ice. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions, vol. 3, pp. 109-119. Fairbanks, AK.
6 Heinonen, J., Maattanen, M., 2000. LOLEIF ridge-loading experiments-analysis of rubble strength in ridge keel punch test. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on Ice, vol. 1, pp. 63-72. Gdnask, Poland.
7 Hellmann, J., 1984. Basic investigations of mush ice. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ice, vol. 3, pp. 37-55. Hamburg, Germany.
8 Croasdale & Associates, 1998. In Situ Ridge Strength Measurements. A Study Sponsored by NRC (PERD) and Exxon Production Research Co.
9 Azarnejad, A., Brown, T., 2001. Ice rubble behavior in punch test. J. Cold Reg. Eng. 15 (3), 135-153.   DOI
10 Brown, T., El Seify, M., 2005. A Unified Model for Rubble Ice Load and Behaviour. NRC Publications Archive, Canada.
11 Bruneau, S., 1997. Development of a First-year Ridge Keel Load Model. PhD thesis. Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
12 Cornett, A., Timco, G., 1995. Laboratory Tests on the Mechanical Properties of Saline Ice Rubble. NRC Report HYD-CTR-002, p. 171.
13 Croasdale & Associates, 1997. In Situ Ridge Strength Measurements. A Study Sponsored by NRC (PERD) and Exxon Production Research Co.
14 Timco, G., Croasdale, K., Wright, B., 2000. An Overview of First-year Sea Ice Ridges. NRC Publications Archive, Canada.
15 Shafrova, S., Hoyland, K.V., 2008. Morphology and 2D spatial strength distribution in two Arctic first-year sea ice ridges. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 51, 38-55.   DOI
16 Strub-Klein, L., Sudom, D., 2012. A comprehensive analysis of the morphology of first-year sea ice ridges. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 82, 94-109.   DOI
17 Timco, G., Cornett, A., 1999. Is r a constant for broken ice rubble?. In: Proceeding of the 10th Workshop on River Ice Management with a Changing Climate, pp. 318-331. Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
18 Timco, G., Funke, E., Sayed, M., Laurich, P., 1992. A laboratory apparatus to measure the behavior of ice rubble. In: Proceedings of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Conference, pp. 369-375. Calgary, Canada.
19 Urroz, G.E., Ettema, R., 1987. Simple-shear box experiments with floating ice rubble. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 14, 185-199.   DOI
20 Weiss, R., Prodanovic, A., Wood, K., 1981. Determination of ice rubble shear properties. In: Proceeding of the International Symposium on Ice, pp. 860-872. Quebec, Canada.
21 Lepparanta, M., Hakala, R., 1992. The structure and strength of first-year ridges in the Baltic Sea. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 20, 295-311.   DOI
22 Wong, T., Morgenstern, N., Sego, D., 1990. A constitutive model for broken ice. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 17, 241-252.   DOI
23 Keinonen, A., Nyman, T., 1978. An experimental model-scale study on compressible, frictional and cohesive behavior of broken ice masses. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ice, vol. 2, pp. 335-353. Lulea, Sweden.
24 Lemee, E., Brown, T., 2002. Small-scale plane strain punch tests. In: Proceedings of the 16th IAHR International Symposium on Ice, vol. 2, pp. 1-8. Dunedin, New Zealand.
25 Liferov, P., Bonnemaire, B., 2005. Ice rubble behaviour and strength: Part I. Review of testing and interpretation of results. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 41, 135-151.   DOI
26 Loset, S., Sayed, M., 1993. Proportional strain tests of fresh water ice rubble. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 7 (2), 44-61.
27 Prodanovic, A., 1979. Model tests of ice rubble strength. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions, pp. 89-105. Trondheim, Norway.
28 Sayed, M., Timco, G., Lun, L., 1992. Testing ice rubble under proportional strains. In: Proceedings of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Conference, pp. 335-341. Calgary, Canada.