• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.296-301
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• 2019

The Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) is an integral component of ship navigation equipment, that enables mariners to view Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC). Recently, it has become possible to transport freight and energy resources via the Northern Sea Routes (NSR) as global warming has been accelerating. However, ice can impact all types of ships and the potential danger that ice poses is significant. Until now, ice, consistently proven to be one of the most dangerous threats impacting navigation in ice-covered regions, has its detailed standard in the specification of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) for ECDIS. The investigations described in this paper were conducted to assess the advantages and problems of the display of ice objects on ECDIS. The experiments were conducted by using the Geographic Information System (GIS) to perform ice objects with their corresponding colors and symbols. Implementation of the standardized appearance of ice objects can enable mariners to access the ice condition of seas in a short time before navigating a safe passage through potentially treacherous waters. However, remain issues that must be overcome for data on ice to be fully compatible with an ECDIS system.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.29 no.B
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• pp.115-119
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• 2009

Green fluorescent protein (GFPuv) was displayed on the surface of ethanol-producing bacteria Zymomonas mobilis using N-terminal domain of ice nucleation protein (INP) as an anchoring motif. To evaluate the ice nucleation protein as plausible anchor motif in Z. mobilis, GFPuv gene was subcloned into Zymomonas expression vector yielding pBBR1MCS-3/pPDC/INPN/GFPuv plasmid., INP-GFPuv fusion protein was expressed in Z. mobilis and its fluorescence was verified by confocal microscopy. The successful display of GFPuv on Zymomonas mobilis suggest that INP anchor motif could be used for future fusion partner in Z. mobilis strain improvement.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.2698-2706
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• 2010

Most tiled display systems supported a public workspace model where multiple users share the contents and work together on a large public screen. In this research, we developed ICE Display Framework, designed for supporting easy construction of tiled display applications allowing mixed-focus collaboration. Mixed-focus collaboration is a model that allows a number of users to work together as a group or individually on the large workspace. ICE Framework allows users to add personal contents on the tiled display without interrupting other users as well as to put shared works. In this paper, we compare ICE framework with previous research and explain the detail implementation. Then, we introduce the applications built with this framework and discuss the evaluation and analysis of the performance of the new framework.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.234-238
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• 2012

Recombinant Escherichia coli displaying organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) was used to overcome the diffusion barrier limitation of organophosphorus pesticides. A new anchor system derived from the N-terminal domain of ice-nucleation protein from Pseudomonas syringae InaV (InaV-N) was used to display OPH onto the surface. The designed sequence was cloned in the vector pET-28a(+) and then was expressed in E. coli. Tracing of the expression location of the recombinant protein using SDS-PAGE showed the presentation of OPH by InaV-N on the outer membrane, and the ability of recombinant E. coli to utilize diazinon as the sole source of energy, without growth inhibition, indicated its significant activity. The location of OPH was detected by comparing the activity of the outer membrane fraction with the inner membrane and cytoplasm fractions. Studies revealed that recombinant E. coli can degrade 50% of 2 mM chlorpyrifos in 2 min. It can be concluded that InaV-N can be used efficiently to display foreign functional protein, and these results highlight the high potential of an engineered bacterium to be used in bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated sources in the environment.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.32-39
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• 2012

The study experimented to understand ice-on-coil type ice making characteristics on to 3 kinds of circular tube, oval tube and small diameter tube using ice maker. The experiment were carried out under various conditions, that used brine temperature($-10^{\circ}C$, $-6^{\circ}C$), brine flow rate(1.0m/s, 1.8m/s) and inlet water temperature ($6^{\circ}C$, $12^{\circ}C$) etc. Mass of ice per ice making area increased according to the decrease of the brine temperature and inlet water temperature, but that was increased according to the increase of the brine flow rate. Oval ice making tube produced ice 1.11 to 2.46 times that of 9mm circular ice making tube, and 3mm small diameter ice making tube produced ice 1.06 to 1.51 times that of 9mm circular ice making tube.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.227-236
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• 2002

For ten firn cores, from both the eastern and the western side of Lambert Glacier basin (LGB), snow accumulation rate and isotopic temperature were measured far the recent 50 years. Results show that snow accumulation for five cores over the eastern side of LGB (GC30, GD03, GD15, DT001, and DT085) at Wilks Land and Princess Elizabeth Land increases, whereas it decreases at the western side (Core E, DML05, W200, LGB 16, and MGA) at Dronning Maud Land, Mizuho Plateau and Kamp Land. For the past decades, the increasing rate was $0.34-2.36kg\;m^{-2}a^{-1}$ at the eastern side and the decreasing rate was $-0.01\;-\;-2.36kg\;m^{-2}\;a^{-1}$ at the western side. Temperatures at the eastern LGB were also increased with the rate of $0.02%o\;a^{-l}$. At the western LGB it was difficult to see clear trends, which were confirmed by Instrumental temperature records at coastal stations. Although statistic analysis and modeling results display that both surface temperature and accumulation rate has increased trends in Antarctic ice sheet during 1950-2000, the regional distributions were much more different for different geographic areas. We believe that ice-core records at Wilks Land and Princess Elizabeth Land reflect the real variations of SST and moisture change in the southern India Ocean. For the Kamp Land and Dronning Maud Land, however circulation pattern was different, by which the climate was more complicated. The International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ITASE) aimed to reveal an overall spatial pattern of climate change over Antarctic ice sheet for the past 200 years. This study points the importance of continental to regional circulation to annual-decadal scale climate change in Antarctica.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.379-385
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of an engineered Escherichia coli to degrade chlorpyrifos (Cp) using an organophosphorus hydrolase enzyme, encoded in both Flavobacterium sp. ATCC 27551 or Pseudomonas diminuta, by employing the Lpp-OmpA chimera and the N-terminal domain of the ice nucleation protein as anchoring motifs. Tracing of the expression location of the recombinant protein using SDS-PAGE showed the presentation of OPH by both anchors on the outer membrane. This is the first report on the presentation of OPH on the cell surface by Lpp-OmpA under the control of the T7 promoter. The results showed cell growth in the presence of Cp as the sole source of energy, without growth inhibition, and with higher whole-cell activity for both cells harboring plasmids pENVO and pELMO, at approximately 10,342.85 and 10,857.14 U/mg, respectively. Noticeably, the protein displayed by pELMO was lower than the protein displayed by pENVO. It can be concluded that Lpp-OmpA can display less protein, but more functional OPH protein. These results highlight the high potential, of both engineered bacteria, for use in the bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated sources in the environment.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.946-951
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• 2008

The opd gene, encoding organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) from Flavobacterium sp. capable of degrading a wide range of organophosphate pesticides, was surface- and intracellular-expressed in Synechococcus PCC7942, a prime example of photoautotrophic cyanobacteria. OPH was displayed on the cyanobacterial cell surface using the truncated ice nucleation protein as an anchoring motif. A minor fraction of OPH was displayed onto the outermost surface of cyanobacterial cells, as verified by immunostaining visualized under confocal laser scanning microscopy and OPH activity analysis; however, a substantial fraction of OPH was buried in the cell wall, as demonstrated by proteinase K and lysozyme treatments. The cyanobacterial outer membrane acts as a substrate (paraoxon) diffusion barrier affecting whole-cell biodegradation efficiency. After freeze-thaw treatment, permeabilized whole cells with intracellular-expressed OPH exhibited 14-fold higher bioconversion efficiency ($V_{max}/K_m$) than that of cells with surface-expressed OPH. As cyanobacteria have simple growth requirements and are inexpensive to maintain, expression of OPH in cyanobacteria may lead to the development of a low-cost and low-maintenance biocatalyst that is useful for detoxification of organophosphate pesticides.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.712-717
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• 2010

Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) are involved in the synthesis of a wide variety of valuable products and in the degradation of numerous toxic compounds. The P450 BM3 (CYP102A1) from Bacillus megaterium was the first P450 discovered to be fused to its redox partner, a mammalian-like diflavin reductase. Here, we report the development of a whole-cell biocatalyst using ice-nucleation protein (Inp) from Pseudomonas syringae to display a hemeand diflavin-containing oxidoreductase, P450 BM3 (a single, 119-kDa polypeptide with domains of both an oxygenase and a reductase) on the surface of Escherichia coli. The surface localization and functionality of the fusion protein containing P450 BM3 were verified by flow cytometry and measurement of enzymatic activities. The results of this study comprise the first report of microbial cell-surface display of a heme- and diflavin-containing enzyme. This system should allow us to select and develop oxidoreductases containing heme and/or flavins into practically useful whole-cell biocatalysts for extensive biotechnological applications, including selective synthesis of new chemicals and pharmaceuticals, bioconversion, bioremediation, live vaccine development, and biochip development.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.323-328
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• 2003

Soil salinity is one of the most serious abiotic stresses limiting the productivity of agricultural crops. To cope with salt stress, plants respond with physiological, developmental and biochemical changes, including the synthesis of a number of proteins and the induction of gene expression. Salicornia herbacea is a halophytic plant that grows in salt marshes and on muddy seashores. In order to understand the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in S. herbacea, we isolated several genes that involved in the salt tolerance by mRNA differential display. Here we report the cloning of a cDNA encoding fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase, named ShADL, which is 1293 bp long and contains an open reading frame consisted of 359 amino acids with calculated molecular mass of 39 kDa. ShADL protein showed 86％ identity with Arabidopsis and 78％ with aldolase of common ice plant. Northern blot analysis revealed that the transcript of ShADL gene was increased dramatically depending on the NaCl concentrations.