• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.388-393
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• 2008

The Pphsc70 (heat shock cognate 70) gene was isolated from the endoparasitoid Pteromalus puparum and then characterized. The full-length cDNA was 2204 base pair (bp) and contained a single 1968 bp ORF that encoded a polypeptide of 656 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 71.28 kDa. Phylogenetic analysis based on Hsc70 amino acid sequences from fifteen insect species agreed with the present phylogeny. In addition, genomic DNA confirmed the presence of three introns located at the coding region as well as the 5'UTR. A significant elevation of Pphsc70 expression was observed following heat treatment, however, continued exposure to heat shock or recovery caused the expression of induced mRNA to gradually decline to levels that were significantly lower than those of control pupae (P < 0.05). In addition, a significant increase was observed in the emergence rate of pupae that were preheated at $40^{\circ}C$ and then exposed to $50^{\circ}C$ for 1 h when compared with the pupae that were not preheated, but instead directly exposed to $50^{\circ}C$. Taken together, these results revealed that exposure to gradually increasing temperatures can enhance an insects thermo-tolerance.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.295-303
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• 2009

The annals of Joseon dynasty, especially the volumes of King SeJong(1418-1450 A.D.), were heavily deteriorated by fungi. Investigations on the deteriorating and foxing fungi were carried out. Fungal structures on the beeswax, which were coated on the both side of Han-Ji, were suspected to be involved in the deterioration, and were observed by SEM. Isolation and culturing of these fungi were tried by scrubing swab samples and placing on the artificial media. Culture-independent approaches were used to identify the fungal strains associated with damages of beeswax and foxing of the paper by the analyses based on DNA sequences data from the specific ITS region of rDNA regions. In addition, well-known paper staining fungi(PSF), i.e., Aspergillus terreus var. terreus, Fusarium oxysporum, Chaetomium globosum, Cladosporium cladosporioides, and Alternaria solani, were compared in the mycelial growth and stain on beeswax and papers under different environmental conditions (temperature, light, moisture, etc). Fungal strains isolated from the air samples in the storage room and shelves were identified as Irpex sp., Arthrinium sacchari, Cladosporium tenuissimum, Aspergillus sclerotiorum, Sistotrema brinkmannii, and Hypoxylon bovei var. microsporum The isolated strains were compared in growth and stain patterns on beeswax and papers(Han-Ji, Hwa-Ji, and Yang-Ji) whether these can cause damage or foxing on the annals or not.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.229-237
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• 2009

The causative agent for the tunic softness syndrome of the cultured ascidian Halocynthia roretzi from Jan 1999 to Feb 2009 was identified using virus isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The pathogenicity of the isolated virus MABV UR-1 strain was determined by experimental infection trials. The cytopathic effects was observed in CHSE-214 cell line at a level 5.1% (4/78) in normal ascidian and 1.8% in abnormal ascidian showing tunic softness syndrome signs. MABV gene was detected in 16.8% (18/107) of normal and 13.1% (5/38) of abnormal organisms by PCR. The ratio of MABV isolation and gene detection was similar level in normal and soft tunic diseased ascidian. Based on the VP2/NS junction region sequences, eight strains of virus isolated from ascidian, were included in the same genogroup with MABV which is originally isolated in wide ranges of marine fish and shellfish species. The UR-1 strain caused 60% mortality (36.5% mortality in control group) by immersion infection and 37% mortality (same mortality in control group) in injection infection indicating no significant differences in infected and control groups. These results suggest that ascidian can act as reservoir of the MABV, and this virus is not directly related with the ascidian mortality.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 1996

An nprX gene of Bacillus subtilis NS15-4 encoding a neutral protease was cloned and its molecular characteristics were analyzed. The complete nucleotide sequence indicated that there is an open reading frame (0RF) possibly encoding 521 amino acid polypeptide. The ORF used all codons expected two cysteine and a proline having a codon bias index (CBI) of 0.09 in Escherichia coli. There were homologous sequences to the consensus sequence of -35 and -10 regions of E. coli promoters and to a Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence located 25 bp downstream of a mojor transcription initiation site. Moreover, there were also five minor transcription initiation sites at 6. 7. 8. 14 and 15 nt downstream of the major site. Northern blot analysis revealed the presence of about 1.8 kb mRNA transcript in E. coli having the nprX gene. The nucleotide sequence was identified in GenBank to be a gene for a neutral protease of B. sutilis with six nucleotide difference in the ORF region. The flanking regions of the NprX ORF showed much more differences form those of other neutral protease genes except the nprE gene of B. subtilis, which has the most homology to the nprX gene, and of which the flanking regions were identical to those of the nprX gene.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.350-354
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• 2016

Diverse wild yeast were isolated from freshwaters and soils of Nakdong and Yeongsan rivers in Korea and identified by the comparison of polymerase chain reaction-amplified nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (including the 5.8S rRNA) and D1/D2 regions of 26S rDNA, using BLAST. In total, 15 strains belonging to 9 species were isolated from 25 samples, out of which Aureobasidium pullulans and Cryptococcus bestiolae were dominant. Candida ghanaensis JSF0127 and Meira geulakonigii JSF0130 were identified as unrecorded yeasts, for which their mycological characteristics were investigated. These unrecorded yeasts formed ascospores and grew in yeast extract peptone dextrose medium containing 5% NaCl.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2011

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most infectious diseases affecting cloven-hoofed animals including cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs. Seven serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus with multiple subtypes within each serotype have been identified until now. In particular, it has been demonstrated that the outbreak of the serotype Asia1 reported from China, Mongolia and North Korea since 2005 is mostly classified into genetic group V. Though it has been recommended that Asia1 Shamir strain can be used as a high priority vaccine by World References Laboratory for FMD, the complete nucleotide sequences of the strain has not yet been determined. In this study, to be prepared for Asia1 type viruses that may be brought into Korea, the complete genome sequence of this vaccine strain Asia1 Shamir including its 5' and 3' non-coding region was identified.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2001

To construct an efficient Bacillus subtilis expression vector, strong promoters were isolated from the chromosomal DNA libraries of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 4259, Thermoactinomyces sp. E79, and Bacillus thermoglucosidasius KCTC 3400. The $P_{C27}$ promoter cloned from the clostridial chromosmal DNA showed a 5-fold higher promoter strength than the $P_{SP02}$ promoter in the expression of the cat gene, and its sequence was estimated as an upstream region of the predicted hypothetical gene (tet-R family bacterial transcription regulator gene) in C. acetobutylicum. As a promoter element, $P_{C27}$ exhibited putative nucleotide sequences that can bind with bacterial RNAP and the 3'end of the 16S rRNA just upstream of the start codon. In addition, the promoter activity of $P_{C27}$ was distinctively repressed in the presence of glucose. Using $P_{C27}$ as the promoter element, a glucose controllable B. subtilis expression vector was constructed and the lipase gene from Staphylococcus haemolyticus KCTC 8957P was expressed in B. subtilis. When compared with the lipase expression by the T7 promoter induced by IPTG in E. coli, the $P_{C27}$ promoter showed about a 1.5-fold higher expression level in B. subtilis than that without induction.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.429-435
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• 1999

An adenosine 5'-monophosphate deaminase (AMP aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.6) was purified to homogeneity from the cell-free extract of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DKCTC7248. The molecular mass of subunit was estimated to be 80 kDa on SDS-PAGE, and that of the holoenzyme was shown to be 240 kDa by gel filtration. The isoelectric point of the enzyme (AMP deaminase D) was determined to be 6.2. The AMP deaminase D was specific towards AMP with an apparent $K_m$ value of 4.1 mM and a Hill coefficient, $n_H$, of 2.2. Both ATP and ADP were positive allosteric effectors of the AMP deaminase D: The apparent $K_{m}$ was decreased to 1.6 mM and 3.3 mM in the presence of 0.1 mM ATP and ADP, respectively, lowering $n_{H}$ to 1.0. Univalent cations like $K^+, Na^+ and Li^ +$ activated the enzyme but some divalent cations such as $Cu^{ 2+} and Cd^{2+}$ showed strong inhibitory effects. This enzyme displayed optimum activity at $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0. In addition, it was stable up to $45^{\circ}C$ and over a wide pH range(pH 5.5-9.0). Amino acid sequences of its N-terminal region were analyzed to be ADYKMQMFADDA.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.61-65
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• 2005

Comparing 231 genes on chimpanzee chromosome 22 with their orthologous on human chromosome 21, we have found that 15 orthologs have indels within their coding sequences. It was rather surprising that significant number of genes have changed by indel, despite the shorter time since their divergence and led us hypothesize that indels and structural changes may represent one of the major mechanism of proteome evolution in the higher primates. Human T-complex protein 10 like (TCP 10L) is a representative having indel within its coding sequence. Gene structure of human TCP10L compared with chimpanzee TCP10L gene showed 16 base pair difference in genomic DNA. As a result of the indel, frame shift mutation occurs in coding sequence (CDS) and human TCP10L express longer polypeptide of 21 amino acid residues than that of chimpanzee. Our prediction found that the indel may affect to dramatic change of secondary protein structure between human and chimpanzee TCP10L. Especially, the structural changes in the C-terminal region of TCP10L protein may affect on the interacting potential to other proteins rather than DNA binding function of the protein. Through these changes, TCP10L might influence gene expression profiles in liver and testis and subsequently influence the physiological changes required in primate evolution.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.113-119
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• 2001

In this paper, we propose an improved watershed algorithm that resolves the oversegmentation problem shown in the previous watershed algorithm and its modifications when the spatial video segmentation is performed. The principal idea of the proposed algorithm is merging the shallow catchment basin whose depth is less than a given threshold into the deeper one during flooding step. In the flooding process, the growth of the existing catchment basins and the extraction of newly flooded ones are accomplished. We present the experimental results using several MPEG test sequences in the last part of the paper. As a consequence, the proposed algorithm shows good segmentation results according to the thresholds applied by adding very small amount of calculations.