• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.194-200
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of fiber free control diet (CD), cellulose diet (CED) and pectin diet (PTD) on diet induced thermogenesis (DIT) in healthy Korean woman for 3 hours. The three test diets were as follows: CD (carbohydrate intake: 63.4% of energy, protein intake: 14.0% of energy and fat intake: 25.8% of energy), CED (carbohydrate intake: 62.5% of energy, protein intake: 14.0% of energy and fat intake: 26.1% of energy) and PTD (carbohydrate intake: 62.7% of energy, protein intake: 14.0% of energy and fat intake: 26.2 of energy). Groups were served 10 g of cellulose for CED and 10 g of pectin for PTD, respectively. DIT was measured at fasting state and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min after consuming each diet. The mean age of all subjects was $22.3{\pm}1.9$ years. Body weight was $52.5{\pm}8.6$ kg and body mass index was $20.6{\pm}2.7kg/m^2$. Preprandial resting energy expenditure was $0.79{\pm}0.02kcal/min$ and postprandial DIT were $14.05{\pm}0.62%$ for CD, $9.33{\pm}0.62%$ for CED, $11.07{\pm}1.35%$ for PTD as a percentage of the energy load. DIT of CD was significantly higher than those of CED and PTD. There was no significant difference in postprandial change in body temperature after consuming each test diets and the sympathetic nervous system activity measured by heart rate was significantly higher in CD than CED and PTD (p<0.05). With this study, it can be concluded that CED and PTD have significantly lowered in DIT (p<0.05). We didn't show the correlation of the factors that relate in DIT; thus, further experiments on that matter should be followed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.849-858
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• 2007

This study was intended to collect the baseline information on health status, nutrient intakes and dietary self-efficacy according to the obesity levels of male workers. Nutrient intakes of 224 male workers were assessed by 24 hr recall method; also, dietary attitude and dietary self-efficacy were investigated by self-administerd questionnaires. Biochemical characteristics such as blood pressure (SBP, DBP), total cholesterol(TC), hemoglobin (Hb), blood glucose (BG), SGOT, SGPT and ${\gamma}-GTP$ were assessed. Subjects were divided into normal, overweight and obese groups by body mass index (BMI). The health status was analyzed as normal group, health concerned group and disease suspected group. Weight, percent ideal body weight (PIBW), BMI and body circumference (waist, hip) and waist-hip ratio were high in the order of obese group, overweight group and normal group. Body fat mass was high also in the order of obese, overweight and normal group. Blood pressure (SBP, DBP) was the highest in obese group. SGOT, SGPT, ${\gamma}-GTP$ were higher in the obese group than normal and overweight groups. It was Proven that the percentage of those evaluated as low nutrient intakes were 71% for Ca, 50.9% for Zn, 70.5% for vitamin B2, 56.3% for vitamin C and 81.3% for folic acid. The dietary attitude scores were high according to the dietary self-efficacy. The age was positively correlated with dietary attitude, and the dietary attitude was positively correlated with dietary self-efficacy and total energy intakes. Dietary attitude showed the greatest total causal effect in relation to dietary self-efficacy. The results of this study showed some health problems and nutritional problems, indicating the need for nutritional management for male workers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.393-400
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• 2011

This study investigates the effects of a hangover beverage (MIX) that contains minerals (highly-salty mineral water, HSMW) and several medicinal plant extracts, on antioxidant and alcohol-metabolizing enzymes in alcohol administered Sprague-Dawley rats. HSMW is pumped from below the sedimentary rock layer of Dadaepo, Busan, South Korea, which is 1,050 m below the land surface; it tastes salty, like sea water. In terms of medicinal plant extracts, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Rubus coreanus and Cornus officinalis were measured as being significantly higher than those in Curcuma longa. The results suggest that treatment with MIX significantly increases superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and DPPH radical scavenging activity. In the 10% HSMW-, for MIX- and company product (CP)-treated groups, the concentration of blood alcohol was significantly reduced 1~5 hr after alcohol loading, compared to that in the control group. In hepatic alcohol-metabolizing enzyme activities, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity was found to be higher in the MIX- and CP-treated groups than in controls, whereas acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity was significantly higher in the CP-treated groups than other groups. This study concludes, therefore, that MIX (HSMW) minerals, like as Zn, Ca, Mg, Mn, and others stimulate alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, while the antioxidants of plant extracts prevent the damage otherwise incurred by alcohol toxicity. These results suggest that the hangover beverage (MIX) alleviates alcohol hangover symptoms by stimulating activities related to hepatic alcohol-metabolizing enzymes and antioxidant effects.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.52-63
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• 2009

Recently in Korea, in the case of metropolis, the urban signalized intersections are controlled by traffic information center or ITS center. Cheon-an City also established traffic information center through the 1st.-$\sim$3rd. ITS public construction and has managed this center that includes bus information service, traffic information collection and providing service, parking information service, and traffic responsive control system. In the Cheon-an metropolitan traffic signal operation, traffic signal controllers were grouped by the each main traffic flow axes and performed with coordinated signal timing for the signalized arterials, and also cycle and split changed by realtime traffic demands. Cheon-an urban traffic responsive control system was evaluated by intersection delay and speed, then it was verified that the delay decreased and vehicle speed improved. However, the rural signal control system to connect adjacency town was evaluated to have lower status than urban area due to the unimproved TOD (Time of day) plan. Therefore actuated signal control was examined for substitutive control system in isolated signal intersection. The aim of this article is to compare actuated signal control with TOD mode in the rural intersection of Cheon-an and to fine superiority of these two control mode, with evaluation of vehicle delay by using HCM(2000) method and by micro-simulation CORSlM. The result of field test show that actuated signal control gave better performance in delay comparison than the existing TOD signal control. And simulation outcome verified that non-optimized TOD has higher delay than optimized TOD mode, non-optimal actuated mode, and optimal actuated signal control mode. Particularly, these three modes delays had not different values according to the paired sample t-test. This is because small traffic demands were loaded in each links. This suggested actuated signal control is expected to be more effective than TOD mode in some rural isolated intersections which frequently need to survey for traffic volume.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2002

Background: Viral antigens presented on the cell surface in association with MHC class I molecules are recognized by CD8+ T cells. MHC restricted peptides are important in eliciting cellular immune responses. As peptide antigens have a weak immunigenicity, pH-sensitive liposomes were used for peptide delivery to induce effective cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. In the previous study, as the HBx peptides could induce specific CTLs in vitro, we tested whether the HLA-A2/$K^b$ transgenic mice that were immunized by HBx-derived peptides could be protected from a viral challenge. Methods: HBx-peptides encapsulated by pH-sensitive liposomes were prepared. $A2K^b$ transgenic mice were immunized i.m. on days one and seven with the indicated concentrations of liposome-encapsulated peptides. Three weeks later, mice were infected with $1{\times}10^7pfu$/head of recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV)-HBx via i.p. administration. The ovaries were extracted from the mice, and the presence of rVV-HBx in the ovaries was analyzed using human TK-143B cells. IFN-${\gamma}$ secretion by these cells was directly assessed using a peptide-pulsed target cell stimulation assay with either peptide-pulsed antigen presenting cells (APCs), concanavalin A ($2{\mu}g/ml$), or a vehicle. To generate peptide-specific CTLs, splenocytes obtained from the immunized mice were stimulated with $20{\mu}g/ml$ of each peptide and restimulated with peptide-pulsed APC four times. The cytotoxic activity of the CTLs was assessed by standard $^{51}Cr$-release assay and intracellular IFN-${\gamma}$ assay. Results: Immunization of these peptides as a mixture in pH-sensitive liposomes to transgenic mice induced a good protective effect from a viral challenge by inducing the peptide-specific CD8+ T cells. Mice immunized with $50{\mu}g/head$ were much better protected against viral challenge compared to those immunized with $5{\mu}g$/head, whereas the mice immunized with empty liposomes were not protected at all. After in vitro CTL culture by peptide stimulation, however, specific cytotoxicity was much higher in the CTLs from mice immunized with $5{\mu}g/head$ than $50{\mu}g/head$ group. Increase of the number of cells that intracellular IFN-${\gamma}$ secreting cell among CD8+ T cells showed similar result. Conclusion: Mice immunized with XEPs within pH-sensitive liposome were protected against viral challenge. The protective effect depended on the amount of antigen used during immunization. XEP-3-specific CTLs could be induced by peptide stimulation in vitro from splenocytes obtained from immunized mice. The cytotoxic effect of CTLs was measured by $^{51}Cr$-release assay and the percentage of accumulated intracellular IFN-${\gamma}$ secreting cells after in vitro restimulation was measured by flow cytometric analysis. The result of $^{51}Cr$-release cytotoxicity test was well correlated with that of the flow cytometric analysis. Viral protection was effective in immunized group of $50{\mu}g/head$, while in the in vitro restimulation, it showed more spectific response in $5{\mu}g$/head group.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2000

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of vitrification on the implantation and the pregnancy of human blastocysts. Method: The transfer of the frozen-thawed blastocysts by the slow freezing or vitrification was performed between January 1998 and July 1999. The zygotes derives from IVF were cocultured with cumulus cells in YS medium containing 20% hFF for 5days. Two or three of the best balstocysts produced on day 5 were transferred into the uterus, and then supernumerary blastocysts were randomly divided into two groups. One was frozen by slow freezing and the other was frozen by vitrification method. The slow freezing procedure was performed in two steps (5% glycerol and 9% glycerol + 0.2 M sucrose for 10 min, respectively) using programmed freezer ($-2^{\circ}C$/min to $-7^{\circ}C$, manual seeding at $-7^{\circ}C$, $-0.3^{\circ}C$/min to $-38^{\circ}C$ and plunged into $LN_{2}$). The blastocysts frozen by slow freezing were thawed at $36^{\circ}C$ then removed glycerol in 7 steps. The vitrification procedure was performed in three steps (10% glycerol for 5 min, 10% glycerol + 20% ethylene glycol for 5 min, 25% glycerol + 25% ethylene glycol and directly $LN_{2}$ within 1 min). The blastocysts frozen by vitrification were thawed at $20^{\circ}C$ water then removed cryoprotectant in 3 steps. In each group, thawed blastocysts were cocultured with cumulus cells in YS medium containing 20% hFF for 18h and transferred into the uterus. The implantation rate was evaluated per transferred blastocysts and the pregnancy rate was evaluated per transfers. Results: The survival rate of vitrified group (74.5%) was higher than slow freezing group (68.0%), but not significant. When 98 thawed blastocysts of vitrification were transferred in 40 cycles, 19 pregnancies (clinical pregnancy rate; 47.5%) were established. One miscarriage occurred in the eighth week of pregnancy (ongoing pregnancy rate; 45.0%). 7 pregnancies were ongoing, 11 pregnancies went to term, and 16 healthy infants were born. The Implantation rate was 31.6%. These results were higher than those obtained by the slow freezing (clinical pregnancy rate; 40.3%, ongoing pregnancy rate; 32.5% and implantation rate; 25.3%), but not significant. Conclusion: Vitrification is a simple, quick and economical method when compared to slow freezing. It will be chosen as a good method of human embryo freezing in IVF-ET programs.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.103-112
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• 2006

Along with recent improvement of recycling technique, the quality of the recycled concrete aggregate have become very competitive to the natural concrete aggregate. Therefore, a practical use of the recycled concrete aggregate may be possible for structural members. Majority studies about the recycled concrete aggregate was emphasized a limitation of fundamental study concerned with a strength characteristics and durability of the recycled aggregate concrete, there is use for the structural members. Therefore, for the extension of application of recycled concrete aggregate, this investigation verifies the strength characteristics recycled concrete aggregate of the spun-concrete products with various coarse and fine recycled aggregate replacement ratio(coarse recycled aggregate: 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 100%; fine recycled aggregate: 0%, 30%, 60%, 100%) and with addition of cellulose fibers(0%, 0.01%, 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.08%). From the test results, The strength of spun concrete used with recycled aggregate [NR specimen], was measured as 72MPa, was found to be very approximately to the strength of spun concrete used with the natural aggregate(NN specimen), was measured as 74MPa, when only fine aggregate was replaced with the recycled. Therefore, the fine recycled concrete aggregate can be successfully used in the spun high strength concrete product. The compressive strength of all specimens used the specialty cellulose fiber were measured as about 70M Pa, however, the increasement of the specialty cellulose fiber content is showed to decrease compressive strength of spun concrete. Therefore, it is anticipated that the specialty cellulose fiber can be applied to the various spun concrete products.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.21-35
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• 1997

The Ag-Pd-Cu alloys containing a small amount of Au is commonly used for dental purposes, because this alloy is cheaper than Au-base alloys for clinical use. However, the most important characteristic of this alloy is age-hardenability, which is not exhibited by other Ag-base dental alloys. The specimens used were Ag-20Pd-20Cu ternary alloy and Au addition alloy. These alloys were melted and casted by induction electic furace and centrifugal casting machine in Ar atmoshpere. These specimens were solution treated for 2hr at $800^{\circ}C$ and were then quenched into iced water, and aged at $350{\sim}550^{\circ}C$ Age-hardening characteristics of the small Au-containing Ag-pPd-Cu dental alloys were investigated by means of hardness testing, X-ray diffraction and electron microscope observations, electrical resistance, differential scanning calorimetric, emergy dispersed spectra and electron probe microanalysis. Principal results are as follows : Hardening occured in two stages, I. e., stage I in low temperature and stage II in high temperature regions, during continuous aging. The case of hardening in stage I was due to the formation of the Llo type face centered tetragonal PdCu-ordered phase in the grain interior and hardening in stage I was affedted by the Cu concentration. In stage II, decomposition of the $\alpha$ solid solution to a PdCu ordered phase(L1o type) and an Agrich ${\alpha}2$ phase occurred and a discontiunous precipitation occurred at the grain boundary. Form the electron microscope study, it was concluded that the cause of age-hardening in this alloy is the precipitation of the PdCu ordered phase, which has AuCu I type face-centered tetragonal structure. Precipitation procedure was ${\alpha}\to{\alpha}+{\alpha}2+PdCu\to{\alpha}1+{\alpha}2+PdCu$ at Pd/Cu = 1 Ag-Pd-Cu alloy is more effective dental alloy as ageing treatment and is suitable to isothermal ageing at $450^{\circ}C$.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.540-549
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• 2001

Background : Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is a progressive fibrous lung disease with occasional fatal outcomes. However, the extent and rate of progression varies markedly from one patient to another. As a result, it is difficult to determine the time of the initial treatment and assess the disease activity and course. Fibroblast foci (FF) is well known to synthesize collagen actively by their myofibroblasts component. However, the prognostic value of the FF have not been evaluated in patients with VIP. Therefore this study was undertaken to determine how the number of fibroblastic foci can reflect the disease activity and progression. Methods: Twenty patients with UIP(M : F=13 : 7), who were diagnosed by a surgical lung biopsy. The number of fibroblastic foci was analyzed in terms of its correlation with the clinical manifostations, pulmonary function test, arterial blood gas analysis, and a bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL). Results : The number of fibroblastic foci did not correlate with the various lung function tests and the other clinical parameters. Interestingly, the percentage of neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid did correlate with the quantity of the normalized Vv of FF(r=0.60, p<0.05). The patients were divided into 2 groups, group I and II, arbitrarily, according to the value of the normalized Vv. The clinical parameters and the PIT results were not different between the two groups. In particular, the survival rate between the two groups according to the Kaplan-Meier analysis were not different. Conclusion : A large number of FF does not imply a bad prognosis in patients with UIP.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.15-33
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a practical problem-based teaching learning process plan for safety in residential environment to raise safety awareness of middle school students. The plan consisting of 4 lessons has been developed and implemented according to the ADDIE model. Various activity materials (26 student's activity sheets and 8 reading texts, and 8 teacher's reading texts) and visual materials (4 sets of pictures & photos and 8 moving pictures) as well as questionnaire were developed for the 4-session lessons. The plans were implemented by the researcher to 4 classes 121 freshmen of M boy's middle school in Kyeongbuk during December 21st to 29th, 2015. Students were highly enjoyed and satisfied with the whole 4-lessons in the aspects such as the level of participation in the lesson, understanding of the contents, adequacy of materials and activities, and usefulness in own's daily life. Students also reported that they were highly aware to practice the contents learned from the lessons in daily family life at home with one's family and recommended to teach the lessons to other schools, too. It can be concluded that the teaching learning process plan for safety in residential environment would raise safety awareness of middle school students through the Home Economics subject.