• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.349-362
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• 1995

As science programs emphasize an understanding of the nature of science, it is needed to assess students' views on a wide range of science-technology-society topics. The purpose of this study is to investigate the views of high school students about some selected topics of the epistemology of science. The selected topics include the meaning of science, scientific assumptions, values in science, conceptual inventions in science, scientific method, consensus making in science, and characteristics of the knowledge produced in science. Identified preconceptions in the study are as follows: Science was seen as improving the world(20%), and technology was defined as the application of science(35%). Almost half of the sample(49%) subscribed to a view consistent with a creationist posture and large group of students(46%) expressed a purely ontological view. Only minority of the students(5%) discounted the role played by private science values, but one half of the sample denied the fact that gender-related values can influence the knowledge that scientist construct(53%). Only a small potion of the sample(5%) held a view contrasting to contemporary epistemology of science, but the majority(67%) expressed a simplistic hierarchical relationship in which hypotheses become theories and theories become laws. One third of the students(33%) held a preconception that the scientific method composed of questioning, hypothesizing, collecting data, and concluding. Students did not appreciate the role of consensus making in science(33%). An out-dated epistemic perspective describes the progress of science as simply an accumulation of knowledge(4%). In general, it was concluded that most high school students did not hold efficient understanding on the nature of science. It can be said that no adequate and consistent instruction took place to provide students with an authentic view of the nature of science.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2005

The progress made by scientific development achieved the goal for making human environment convenient and functional. However, it also caused excessive expanse of artificial environment, which in turn produced undesirable segregation between human and nature. Recently we frequently see ecological space designs which try to be synchronized with nature not only in technological terms, but also in psychological terms. This paper examines various viewpoints for ecological space design. First, it studies philosophical backgrounds of ecological space design through comparative analysis between eastern and western ideas of nature. Then it classifies the types of viewpoints for ecological space design with supporting explanations from scientific proofs. Finally, it provides case analyses for each of these views. This research aims at proving the value of ecological space design so that it can guide future direction of space design toward reestablishing the organic relationship between human and nature.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제3권
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• pp.280-398
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• 1989

The most distintive features on the Thinking Structure of the Views of the Nature and the Theories of the Medicine of the ancient Chinese are a Comprehensions to the System of the Nature which reveals in the Natural Phenomena. Nothing doesn't changed in the Nature and man also. These Changes are inevitable to the man. So it isn't easy to grasp the Essence of the Natural Phenomena which always be changed. I-Ching (易經, Book of Changes), Chung-Yung (中庸) and many other books are that has a theories about the Changes, the ancients could recognized the unchangeable constancy from the ever changeable Natural Phenomena. The unchangeable constancy on the Oriental thinking means as same as an 'Idea' on the Western thinking. These process made them shape up the Views of the Nature and the Medical theories. And Chi (氣), Yin-Yang (陰陽) and Wu-Hsing (五行) are the most important concepts of their views and theories. In the concepts of Chi as an epistemological meaning; the Nature and the Han can be appreciated as a one System, because his being is within the Changes of the Nature and should be in accord with those Changes. He was going to believe that all beings are exist as an existential rules of himself. So Chi can be thougt as an epistemological system to all beings' existence. Thinking of Yin-Yang as a existential meaning; all beings are exist having a contrary and a complementary to each other. Birth and Death, Be ginning and Finishing in a series of the process occurs in all beings are the two sides of their existential and intrinsic tendencies. That can be condensed to the Yin-Yang concepts. In the consideration of Wu-Hsing;all beings are observed and explained more deliberatively by it's own rules. By the way the concepts of Chi, Yin-Yang and Wu-Hsing which derived from the processes of the recognition to the Changes of the Nature are practiced actually by the thoughts of Harmony. And it is represented by the accordance to the Time of the Natural Changes, that is, Shiling (時令). It means a adjustments to the Time and Changes of the Nature. The health of all beings that is an aim of the Medicine can be maintained by their practical thoughts or the concepts of Shiling.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2008

The study identifies gender stereotypes, examines the level of women's economic empowerment at the household level and explores the influence of factors on it. Data were collected from 159 randomly selected farm women using both qualitative and quantitative survey methods between January and March 2007 from three villages of the Mymensingh District of Bangladesh. Four key informants (2 local leaders and 2 development personnel) were questioned to elicit views in the light of boosting women's empowerment. Five constructs of empowerment covering 30 indicators were aggregated together to develop a cumulative economic empowerment index (CEEI) to obtain multidimensional views of women's empowerment. The findings show that there were some prejudices against women in allocating divisions of labour and access to education, food, property, decision-making and institutions. The distribution of the CEEI demonstrates that the majority of the respondents (86%) had a low to moderate level of empowerment. A multiple regression analysis showed positive significant effects of education, training, media contact and freedom of mobility on women's CEEI, while domestic abuse restrained it. It is concluded that interventions by development agencies in co-ordination with the local community was necessary to attain women's self-reliance in the study area. Development actors can undertake some core strategies to enhance women's level of awarencess, knowledge, skills, and productive resources through providing training, loans, and information. To change traditional beliefs, it is important to create awareness of various gender issues amongst rural people through different methods and media.

• 논리연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.57-91
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• 2008

철학적 문제들의 발생은 언어의 논리에 대한 오해에 기인한다는 신념에 따라, 비트겐슈타인의 철학적 탐구는 언제나 언어의 논리 문제를 중심으로 전개되었다. 그의 철학적 작업은 실로 논리적 탐구였다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 그가 생각한 언어의 논리란 무엇인가? 그것은 처음부터 언어의 문법으로서 이해되었지만, 이 이해에는 그의 전후기에 중요한 변화가 있었다. 초기에 그는 언어의 논리를 이상적 표기법에서 실현되는 진리 함수적 구문론과 같은 것으로 이해했으나, 후기에 그는 언어의 논리를 언어놀이의 다양한 언어 사용 규칙들로서 보는 데로 나아갔다. 그것은 논리를 모든 가능성이 미리 규정되어 있는 매우 엄격하고 이상적인 하나의 보편적 문법 체계로서 보는 데서부터, 논리를 미리 생각되지 않은 가능성에 열려 있고 언어놀이들에 특유한 다양한 언어 사용 규칙들로 이루어진 문법 체계들로서 보게 되는 변화이다. 이 글은 그의 전후기 논리관의 상이한 핵심과 그 변화 이유를 다루고 있다. 특히 논리의 자율성과 필연성에 대한 그의 전후기의 관점 변화가 다루어진다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2000

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to compare radiographic techniques for the diagnostic accuracy in the detection of osteophytes of the mandibular condyle. Material and Methods : A series of bone chips were placed at four locations on the condylar head of a dried human skull. Eight radiographic techniques such as panoramic, transcranial, infracranial, transorbital, reverse-Towne's, submentovertex, multidirectional tomographic and computed tomographic techniques were compared. Three oral radiologists were asked to rate the lesions by four stage score. The statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA test. Results: For the detection of lateral osteophyte, transcranial, infracranial, transorbital and reverse-Towne' s views showed superiority. Also, transcranial and infracranial views showed superiority for medial osteophyte. While for the detection of superior and anterior osteophyte, panoramic, transcranial, infracranial, transorbital views showed superiority. Lateral tomograph showed superiority for the detection of superior and anterior osteophyte, but it showed inferiority for lateral and medial osteophyte. And antero-posterior tomograph showed superiority for the detection of all osteophytes. Axial computed tomograph showed superiority for the detection of all osteophytes, and coronal computed tomograph showed superiority for lateral, medial and superior osteophytes. While reconstructed sagittal computed tomograph showed relatively superiority for the detection of anterior and superior osteophytes. Conclusion : The conventional radiographs can be used for the detection of bony changes of the mandibular condyle, and tomograph or computed tomograph can be used additionally when it is difficult to detect bony changes on conventional radiographs.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.151-163
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• 2010

본 연구를 통하여 고등학교 1학년 학생들을 대상으로 이들이 가지고 있는 우주에 대한 개념을 조사하고 이에 영향을 준 요소가 무엇인지 알아보았다. 연구 결과 대부분의 학생들은 우주를 물리적 공간으로 생각하고 있었으며 많은 수의 학생들은 '우주'하면 아름답다는 느낌을 떠올리거나 미지의 공간이라는 생각을 떠올렸다. 그림 표현에서, 학생들은 많은 경우 직관적으로 우주를 태양계 수준에서 파악하고 있음이 드러났다. 우주의 중심과 끝에 대한 질문에서, 학생들 중 태양 중심, 지구 중심 또는 중심 없는 무한한 우주를 생각하는 비율이 높았다. 우주의 변화는 한 방향으로 일어나며 이를 물리적 관점에서 서술하는 경우가 많았다. 학생들이 가진 이러한 개념에 영향을 준 요소를 알아보기 위하여 학생들을 성별, 신념별, 교과서 외의 천문 지식을 접해본 경험 유무로 그룹화 하여 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과, 각 그룹에 따라 우주의 중심과 끝, 우주의 변화에 대한 관점의 차이가 있었다. 또한 우주의 기원에 대한 이유를 설명할 때 종교적 신념에 따른 차이가 있음이 드러났다. 본 연구 결과는 개인의 우주관이 다양하며 이에는 여러 가지 요소가 영향을 줌을 보여준다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.795-821
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• 2001

This Qualitative study investigated a preservice teacher's developing views of learning with the influence of constructivist epistemology taught in the Math, Science, and Technology Education (MSAT) Master of Education (M. Ed.) preservice teacher education program. The MSAT teacher education program employs constructivist aspects of teacher education and generates applications of constructivism to the practice of teaching, as revealed by faculty interview data. It is important at this point to emphasize that there are significant epistemological and ontological differences between different versions of educational constructivism (i.e., individual, radical, and social constructivism) and that these differences imply different pedagogical practices. For the 16 preservice teachers included in a larger study, the epistemological and ontological characteristics for each teacher's developing views of learning were identified through four in-depth interviews. Data from interviews were used to construct a constructivist profile for each preservice teacher's views of learning (i.e., a profile containing ontological beliefs, epistemological commitments, and pedagogical beliefs). Of the sixteen participants in the larger study, five significantly changed ontological and epistemological beliefs and eleven did not. Profile changes for the five who did change also resulted in changes in their conceptions of science teaching and learning (CSTL). In this article, one of the five teachers case was presented with rich quotes. This case study documents how a preservice teacher transferred his ontological and epistemological beliefs to his pedagogical beliefs and maintained the consistency between his philosophical beliefs and CSTL. It also demonstrated implications that changes in components for an educational constructivist profile have for a preservice teacher's view of himself as teacher. Data indicated the possibility that a constructivist-oriented preservice teacher education program can influence students' conceptions of science teaching and learning by explicitly introducing constructivism as an epistemology rather than as a specific method of instruction. Implications for both instructional practices of teacher education programmes and research are discussed.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.390-399
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 음성 웹 언어인 VoiceXML의 작성 효율을 향상하기 위한 다중 뷰 편집기를 설계 및 구현하였다. VoiceXML 다중 뷰 편집기는 다중 뷰를 제공하기 위해 MVC (Model-View-Controller) 프레임워크을 이용하였다. MVC 프레임워크를 이용한 다중 뷰 편집기는 핵심 자료구조인 모델과 인터페이스인 뷰, 모델과 뷰를 제어하기 위한 제어기로 구성된다. MVC 프레임워크에서 모델은 추상 구문 트리와 추상 문법으로 구성되며 뷰는 역파싱 규칙과 역파서로 구성되고 제어기는 명령어 처리기와 트리 조작기로 구성된다. VoiceXML 다중 뷰 편집기는 문서의 구조, 내용, 흐름을 동시에 보여주어 기존 XML 편집기의 단점을 극복할 수 있다. MVC 프레임워크가 적용된 VoiceXML 다중 뷰 편집기는 여러 편집기를 통해 동시에 다양한 편집 뷰 (View)를 제공함으로써 사용자에게 음성 웹 문서 작성의 편의성을 제공하여 효율을 높일 수 있으며 여러 개의 뷰가 하나의 모델을 가짐으로써 편집기들의 무결성을 보장하도록 하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.24-34
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• 2015

시맨틱 웹의 발전과 함께 RDF 데이터에 대한 사용이 증가되고 있다. RDF 데이터는 트리플로 구성되어 있으며 질의 처리 시 높은 조인 비용이 요구된다. 실체 뷰는 질의 처리 비용을 감소시키는 기법으로 알려져 있다. 실체 뷰는 질의 처리의 결과 또는 중간 결과를 저장 공간 내부에 물리적으로 저장하여 질의 처리 시 전체 데이터베이스의 접근이 아닌 실체 뷰의 접근으로 질의를 처리한다. 본 논문에서는 이를 해결하기 위해 의사 결정 트리를 사용하여 실체 뷰를 선택한다. 제안하는 기법은 의사 결정 트리를 통해 질의 처리시간뿐만 아니라 실체 뷰의 크기 및 유지비용을 고려한다. 성능평가를 통해 제안하는 기법이 기존 기법에 비해 제한된 저장 공간에서의 실체 뷰는 증가하였고 동일 개수의 실체 뷰의 유지비용은 감소함을 보인다.