• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the necessity of 'emergency plumbing equipment for preventing the spread of water leakage'. It reviews social and economic costs when there is spread of water leakage and finds out that those are enormous. Expansion of water leakage causes conflicts between neighbors, economic loss and inconvenience from damages on facilities like elevator and power failure. Next, it examines the inability of existing plumbing equipment when it comes to spread of water leakage. Newly defined 'Surface Leakage' means rapid leak in the surface, and 'Internal Leakage' means seeping out slowly and gradually buried in the pipeline. It will also be analyzed by separating the concept of a leak in the two concepts of a 'Surface Leakage' and 'Internal Leakage'. It proposes emergency plumbing equipment for preventing the spread of water leakage as a solution for the expansion of water leakage. It explains general concepts of emergency plumbing equipment for preventing the spread of water leakage. It will also examine the effectiveness of the user by performing a survey of 420 multi-level building their opinion on the effects of an emergency plumbing equipments to prevent the spread of water leakage.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2003

매년 엄청난 규모의 광고비가 광고의 제작과 집행에 투여되고 있는 현실에서 광고가 생산적인 사회적 장치로 자리잡기 위해서는 투입에 상응하는 효과가 있어야 함은 당연하다. 이와 같은 맥락에서 광고의 효과를 더욱 높이기 위하여 끊임없이 연구되어지고 개선되어지는 부분이 바로 광고의 표현 전략이며, 신문광고에 있어서 Spread광고 역시 이 노력의 일환으로 이해되어지고 있다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 신문광고의 대형화 현상이 날로 증대되고 있는 시점에서 이러한 현상이 광고인과 소비자 집단을 만족시키는가에 대한 검증으로 시작되었으며, 신문광고의 표현 전략으로서 Spread광고가 이용되고 있다는 점에서, 표현 방법을 중점으로, 보다 효율적인 해결 방안을 찾아보기 위한 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 이를 위하여 이론적 배경을 위해 신문광고의 조형적 요소를 기준으로 표현 방법 및 표현 형태별로 분석하였으며, 조선일보를 선정하여 사례 분석을 통해 각 유형이 실제 제작에 있어 어떻게 집행되는지를 분석하였다. 또한 바람직한 분석을 위한 지침을 마련하기 위하여 설문 조사를 병행하였다. 연구 결과 Spread광고는 표현 방법과 넓은 스페이스의 효율적인 활용, 그리고 광고 목표를 정확히 분석하여 적합한 방향으로 활용되어져야 할 것으로 생각된다. 무분별한 Spread광고는 비싼 광고료에 비하여 두 배 이상의 시너지 효과를 주지 못하는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 1995년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.157-166
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• 1995

A large crank shaft for ship engine consists of several components, such as throw, jornal, pin and flange. These compoents are individually made by open-die forging followed by machining and they are thermally fitted to form the crankshaft. In the present investigation, it was attempted to design an optimum preform for the throw by use of the spread coefficient. The spread coefficient found in the literature was confirmed by comparison with experimental results using plasticine. However, the preform designed by the spread coefficient was unable to produce the final product. The reason was found that the spread coefficient differs distinctly for the magnitude of bite ratio. Therefore, another spread coefficient, especially for low bite ratios, was proposed and the preform was redesigned. It was found that the new preform was able to produce the final product.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2011년 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.225-229
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• 2011

The aluminum composite panel are widely used for the external materials of high rise building because of well insulation of heat and sound and improved Constructability. However, the polyethylene in main material of the aluminum composite panel shows weakness in thermal and fire resistances. For this reason, flame is spread more quickly when the fire break out. Therefore, the potentiality of fire spread to the exterior wall is high due to difficulty of early extinguishment and effect of external air. In this study, numerical investigation was performed by using FDS program for flame spread characteristics with various external air velocity and direction in ten-story building with the aluminum composite external materials. As a result, the flame spread velocity is 0.134m/s and it takes 224 seconds for flames to spread to the 10th floor without external air velocity. however, the flame spread velocity decreases 40% and it takes 348 seconds for flames to spread to the 10th floor when external air velocity is 2.5 m/s. and air direction is little effect compared to air velocity.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 1997년도 International Symposium on Fire Science and Technology
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• pp.146-153
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• 1997

An experimental study was performed of natural-convection downward smolder spread across a sawdust bed peripherally enclosed with an insulating container, to examine the effect of the open- ing condition at the top end on downward smolder spread. Experiments were conducted by using relatively coarse sawdust and 25-cm-long cylindrical container The variations of temperature profiles along the bed axis with time were determined far different opening conditions and were com-pared with those in smolder spread from open top to open bottom. It was shown that the smolder zone initiated from open top toward closed bottom penetrates the bed with keeping high peak temperature like the case of open top to open bottom spread, although mean spread rate is smaller. This indicates that the downward smolder zone can be sustained stably if sufficient air or oxygen Is supplied from the back of it by natural convection even if upward draft entering from the bottom of the bed is absent. When the top end was partially closed by mounting a cover after stable smolder spread had begun from open top toward open bottom, the temperature at the peak decreased more than 200 K and the smolder zone became to spread with thickening residue. In this case, the shape of temperature profiles continuously changed or decayed until end-effect at the open bottom end enhanced the reaction. The temperature at the shrunk peak, free from the end-effect, was almost identical with the temperature at the exothermic oxidative-degradation zone in smolder spread from open top to open bottom. from these results, it can be inferred for natural-convection downward smolder spread that the oxidation reaction of the char is very sensitive to the oxygen supply by natural convection in the space above the smolder zone, and that the top end opening condition strongly alters the completeness of reactions, structure, and behavior of the smolder zone.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.996-1001
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• 2006

This paper proposes an ultrasonic location system based on the spread spectrum principle. Though there are several conventional ultrasonic systems, the proposed system is the first one that combines spread spectrum and amplitude modulation principles. The proposed ultrasonic location system is advantageous in that it can improve positioning accuracy and detection sensitivity by the spread spectrum principle, it simplifies transmitter and receiver circuits, and it is easy to upgrade its performance by modifying only the software functionalities. By several real data experiments, the advantage and performance of the proposed location system is demonstrated.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.2
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• pp.63-66
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• 2006

This paper proposes an ultrasonic location system based on the spread spectrum principle. Compared with the existing ultrasonic location systems, the proposed system combines the spread spectrum and amplitude modulation principles. As a result, the proposed ultrasonic location system is advantageous in that it can improve positioning accuracy and detection sensitivity by the spread spectrum principle, it simplifies transmitter and receiver circuits by the amplitude modulation, and it is easy to upgrade its performance by the software functionalities. The advantages and performance of the proposed location system are demonstrated by experiments.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2000

Experimental investigation on flame spread along suspended droplet arrays have been conducted with various droplet spacings and ambient air velocities. Especially, an opposed air stream is introduced to simulate fundamental flame spread behaviors in spray combustion. High-speed chemiluminescence imaging technique of OH radicals has been adopted to measure flame spread rates and to observe various flame spread behaviors. The fuel used is n-Decane and the air velocity varies from 0 to 17cm/s. The pattern of flame spread is grouped into two: a continuous mode and an intermittent one. It is found that there exists droplet spcings, above which flame spread does not occur. The increase of ambient air velocity causes the limit droplet spacing of flame spread to become small due to the increase of apparent flame stretch. As the ambient air velocity decreases, flame spread rate increases and then decreases after taking a maximum flame spread rate. This suggests that there exists a moderate air flowing to give a maximum flame spread rate due to enhanced chemical reaction by the increase of oxidizer concentration.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2012년도 제44회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.249-252
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• 2012

Experiments have been conducted to clarify flame spread behavior over electrical wire near the end of wire with applied AC electric fields. It is seen that the flame spread behavior near the end of wire with applied AC electric fields are quite different from that in temporally linearly-increasing flame position. The flame spread behavior can be categorized into three regimes based on the relevance of flame shape and the slanted direction of spread flame to spread rate. Detailed explanations on the characteristics are made through thermal balance mechanism. Also, the effect of drop of molten PE and fuel vapor-jet in flame spread is also discussed.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.231-236
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• 1997

지금까지는 선박등을 이용하여 표본추출등으로 온배수 확산관측이 이루어져 왔으나 온배수의 확산속도, 위상조건, 비용, 범위설정 및 위치결정등의 여러 방해인자등 때문에 동시성, 광역성 및 경제성등의 문제에 있어서 새로운 탐사방법이 요구되어 왔다. 그러나 인공위성 영상을 이용하여 분석하면 단시간에 해양환경을 감시 및 탐지할 수 있기 때문에 기존의 방법보다 상당히 신속하며 정확하게 수온분포와 확산정도를 감지할 수 있다 따라서 이 연구는 인공위성 영상에 의하여 수온의 조사, 온배수의 유동 및 확산상태등에 대하여 고찰하였다.