• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.24
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• pp.10675-10681
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• 2015

Background: The ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein and p53 play key roles in sensing and repairing radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Accumulating epidemiological evidence indicates that functional genetic variants in ATM and TP53 genes may have an impact on the risk of radiotherapy-induced side effects. Here we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the potential interaction between ATM Asp1853Asn and TP53 polymorphisms and risk of radiotherapy-induced adverse effects quantitatively. Materials and Methods: Relevant articles were retrieved from PubMed, ISI Web of Science and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. Eligible studies were selected according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to estimate the association between ATM Asp1853Asn and TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphisms and risk of radiotherapy adverse effects. All analyses were performed using the Stata software. Results: A total of twenty articles were included in the present analysis. In the overall analysis, no significant associations between ATM Asp1853Asn and TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphisms and the risk of radiotherapy adverse effects were found. We conducted subgroup analysis stratified by type of cancer, region and time of appearance of side effects subsequently. No significant association between ATM Asp1853Asn and risk of radiotherapy adverse effects was found in any subgroup analysis. For TP53 Arg72Pro, variant C allele was associated with decreased radiotherapy adverse effects risk among Asian cancer patients in the stratified analysis by region (OR=0.71, 95%CI: 0.54-0.93, p=0.012). No significant results were found in the subgroup analysis of tumor type and time of appearance of side effects. Conclusions: The TP53 Arg72Pro C allele might be a protective factor of radiotherapy-induced adverse effects among cancer patients from Asia. Further studies that take into consideration treatment-related factors and patient lifestyle including environmental exposures are warranted.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1036-1040
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• 2005

Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopic (NIRS) calibrations were developed for accurate and fast prediction of whole broiler chicken carcass composition. The Feed and Forage Foss systems Model 5000 Reflectance Transport Model 5000 with near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS)-WinISI II windows software was used for this purpose. One equation was developed for the prediction of each carcass component. One hundred and fifty freeze dried broiler whole carcass samples were ground in a Cyclotech 1,093 sample mill and analyzed for dry matter, protein, fat, calcium and phosphate. Samples were divided into two sets: a calibration set from which equations were derived and a prediction set used to validate these equations. The chemical analysis values (mean${\pm}$SD) were calculated based on dry matter basis as follows: dry matter: 33.41${\pm}$2.78 (range: 26.41-43.47), protein: 54.04${\pm}$6.63 (range: 36.20-76.09), fat 35.44${\pm}$8.34 (range: 7.50-55.03), calcium 2.55${\pm}$0.65 (range: 0.99-4.41), phosphorus 1.38${\pm}$0.26 (range: 0.60-2.28). One hundred and three samples were used to calibrate the equations and prediction values. The software used was modified to obtain partial least square regression statistics, as it is the most suitable for natural products analysis. The coefficients of determination ($R^2$) and the standard errors of prediction were 0.82 and 1.83 for the dry matter, 0.96 and 1.98 for protein, 0.99 and 1.07 for fat, 0.90 and 0.30 for calcium and 0.91 and 0.11 for phosphorus, respectively. The present study indicated that NIRS can be calibrated to predict the whole broiler carcass chemical composition, including minerals in a rapid, accurate, and cost effective manner. It neither requires skilled operators nor generates hazardous waste. These findings may have practical importance to improve instrumental procedures for quick evaluation of broiler carcass composition.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.54
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• pp.149-179
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• 2018

October 31, 2017, a man named Saipov who follows ISIS killed 8 people and injured nearly 20 others by driving his truck to the riverside bicycle path in Manhattan, New York, in an act of terror. June 5, 2017, the Islamic extremist Yacqub Khayre held a woman hostage in a suburb of Melbourne, Australia, before being killed by the police. Various countries around the world including the UK, France, and Germany are in war against terrorism. The terrorists change their target from hard targets such as government officials to vulnerable soft target, intensifying the public's fear, and, unlike in the past when they were organized by governments or organizations, extremists such as ISIS followers are now acting on their own in the act of terrorism. Also, as they use vehicles, pressure cooker, and other objects that can be easily found for terrorism, it is becoming more difficult for the police to prepare against terrorist attacks. Meanwhile, some terrorism researchers argue that conversational techniques (negotiation) used by the police are now of no use, as shown in the cases like 9/11 attacks in 2001 and 2016 Nice attack in France in which the suspects committed terrorist attacks without leaving enough time for the police to take action and that, therefore, tactical suppression techniques need to be developed. Therefore, this study suggested police negotiation techniques are necessary not only for terrorist attacks but also for overall police work, including handling intoxicated people at police station, and proposed ways to activate conversational techniques for police organizations.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.268-274
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• 2015

Weld overlay was first used in power plants in the US in the early 1980s as an interim method of repairing the welds of flawed piping joints. Weld overlaid piping joints in nuclear power plants must be examined periodically using ultrasonic examination technology. Portable phased array ultrasonic technology has recently become available. Currently, the application of preemptive weld overlays as a mitigation technique and/as a method to improve the examination surface condition for more complex configurations is becoming more common. These complex geometries may require several focused conventional transducers for adequate inspection of the overlay, the original weld, and the base material. Alternatively, Phased array ultrasonic probes can be used to generate several inspection angles simultaneously at various focal depths to provide better and faster coverage than that possible by conventional methods. Thus, this technology can increase the speed of examinations, save costs, and reduce radiation exposure. In this paper, we explain the general sequence of the inspection of weld overlay and the results of signal analysis for some PAUT (phased array ultrasonic testing) signals detected in on-site inspections.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.244-250
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to measure fundamental data required for the prediction of milling ratios, and to develop regression models to predict the head rice ratio of milled rice using NIR spectra of hulled rice. A total of 81 rice samples used in this study were collected from Jeongeup, Jeonbuk province in 2006. NIR spectra were measured using one mode of measurement, reflection. The reflectance spectra were measured in the wavelength region of 400-2500 nm with an NIR spectrophotometer "NIRSystems 6500" (Foss, Silverspring, USA). Calibration equations were developed by the modified partial least squares (MPLS), partial least squares (PLS), and principal components regression (PCR). Math treatments were 1-4-4-1, 1-10-10-1, 2-4-4-1, and 2-10-10-1. The software used was WinISI (Infrasoft International, State College, USA). Automatic head rice production and quality checking system used was "SY2000-AHRPQCS" (Ssangyong, Korea). The calibration was made with the first derivative and the spectrum designated was in 8 nm interval. The determination coefficients of head rice ratios were 0.8353, 0.8416 and 0.5277 for the MPLS, PLS and PCR, respectively. Those obtained with 20 nm interval were 0.8144, 0.8354 and 0.6908 for the MPLS, PLS and PCR, respectively. The calibration was made with second derivative that spectrum designated was 8 nm in interval. The determination coefficients of head rice ratios were 0.7994, 0.8017 and 0.4473 for the MPLS, PLS and PCR, respectively. Those with 20 nm interval were 0.8004, 0.8493 and 0.6609 for the MPLS, PLS and PCR, respectively. These results indicate that the accuracy of determination coefficient for MPLS and PLS is higher than that of PCR.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.21-29
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• 2014

This paper evaluates the shear strength, behavior and failure mode of reinforced concrete beams with deformed GFRP reinforcing bar. Four concrete beam specimens were constructed and tested. It was carried out to observe failure behavior and load-deflection of simply supported concrete beams subjected to four-point monotonic loading. In order to eliminate of the uncertainty by the shear reinforcements, any stirrups were not used. Variables of the specimens were shear span-depth ratio, effective reinforcement ratio. The dimensions of specimen is 3,300 or $1,950mm{\times}200mm{\times}240mm$. Clear span and shear span were 2,900mm, 1,000mm respectively. Shear span-depth ratios were 6.5 and 2.5. Effective ratios of Longitudinal GFRP reinforcing bar were $1.126{\rho}_{fb}$, $2.250{\rho}_{fb}$, $3.375{\rho}_{fb}$ and $0.634{\rho}_{fb}$. All beam specimens were broken by diagonal-tension shear and the ACI 440.1R, CSA S806 and ISIS, which was used to design test beams, showed considerable deviation between prediction and test results of shear strengths.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.36S no.1
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• pp.123-132
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• 1999

In this paper, a quadratic sigmoid neural equalizer(QSNE) is proposed to improve the performance of conventional neural equalizer in terms of bit error probability by using a quadratic sigmoid function as the activation function of neural networks. Conventional neural equalizers which have been used to compensate for nonlinear distortions adopt the sigmoid function. In the case of sigmoid neural equalizer, each neuron has one linear decision boundary. So many neurons are required when the neural equalizer has to separate complicated structure. But in case of the proposed QSNF and quadratic sigmoid neural decision feedback equalizer(QSNDFE), each neuron separates decision region with two parallel lines. Therefore, QSNE and QSNDFE have better performance and simpler structure than the conventional neural equalizers in terms of bit error probability. When the proposed QSNDFE is applied to communication systems and digital magnetic recording systems, it is an improvement of approximately 1.5dB~8.3dB in signal to moise ratio(SNR) over the conventional decision feedback equalizer(DEF) and neural decision feedback equalizer(NDFE). As intersymbol interference(ISI) and nonlinear distortions become severer, QSNDFE shows astounding SNR shows astounding SNR performance gain over the conventional equalizers in the same bit error probability.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.28-33
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose the receiver algorithms suitable for the VHF (Very High Frequency) digital link mode-2(VDL Mode-2) system. Unlike conventional digital communication systems using the root raised cosine filter as a transmit and receive filter, raised cosine filter is used as a transmit filter in the VDL Mode-2 system. Hence, it is crucial to design and implement the optimum lowpass receive filter by considering inter-symbol interference and noise performance. On the other hand, due to the short preamble pattern, it is crucial to develop an efficient packet detection algorithm for reliable communication link for the VDL Mode-2 system. Also, frequency offset due to the carrier frequency difference between transmitter and receiver and doppler frequency shift must be estimated and compensated for reliable communication. In this paper, the optimum receive filter, packet detection and frequency offset compensation algorithms are proposed and the performance of the VDL system employing the proposed algorithms are evaluated.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Recently, translational research (TR) in health technology (HT) has been considered as an emerging alternative research system for the improvement of human health. TR from bench to bedside involves a strong bidirectional relationship between basic science discovery and clinical practice. To support R&D planning and policy in HT effectively, the performance of TR programs was analyzed and evaluated in a R&D project on health and medical technology. TR programs were classified into three parts: unilateral TR, bilateral TR and multilateral TR. Bibliometrics and citation analysis were performed to assess research papers and gather information for the performance analysis of TR programs. In addition, both quantitative and qualitative analysis were successfully carried out using ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar Citations, SCOPUS and Knowledgematrix. In conclusion, the performance analysis of TR programs could significantly improve the efficiency of R&D plans, R&D management and evaluation for a safe and healthy life.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 1986

The sufficient myoplasmic $Ca^{++}$ to react with the contractile proteins is necessary to induce contraction of a cardiac muscle. These $Ca^{++}$ for the production of muscle contraction are supplied from the three recognized $Ca^{++}$ sources; internal $Ca^{++}$ release via the sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR), $Ca^{++}$ influx through a gated Ca-channel in the membrane as a Isi, and $Ca^{++}$ transport by the mechanism of Na/ca exchange. However, it is still controversial which $Ca^{++}$ sources act as a main contributor for myoplasmic $Ca^{++}$, Therefore, this study was undertaken in order to examine the $Ca^{++}$ sources for the contraction of frog ventricle. There is evidence that the SR is sparse in frog ventricular fibers, and that T-tubules are absent. Isolated ventricular strips of frog, Rana nigromaculata, were used in this experiment. Isometric tension was recorded by force transducer, and membrane potentials of ventricular muscles were measured through the intracellular glass microelectrodes, which were filled with 3M KCI and had resistance of $30{\pm}50M{\Omega}$. All experiments were performed at room temperature in a tris·buffered Ringer solution which was aerated with 100% $O_2$. Isotonic high K, low Na solution was used to induce K-contracture, K-contracture appeared at the concentration of 20 to 30mM-KCI and was potentiated in parallel with the increase in KCI concentration. The contracture had two components: an initial rapid phasic and a subsequent slow tonic contractile responses. Membrane Potentials measured at normal Ringer solution(2.5mM KCI) was -90 to -100 mV, and decreased linearly as the KCI concentration increased; -55mV at 20mM.KCI, -45mV at 30 mM.KCI, -30 mY at 50 mM.KCI, and -12 mV at 100 mM.KCI. K-contracture was evoked firstly at the membrane potential of -45 mV. The contracture was potentiated by the increase of bathing extracellular $Ca^{++}$ concentration. However, in the absence of $Ca^{++}$ the contracture was almost not induced by 50 mM.KCI solution. Caffeine(20mM) in normal Ringer solution, which is known to release $Ca^{++}$ from SR without substantial effects on the $Ca^{++}$ fluxes across the surface membrane, did not affect membrane potential and also not initiate contracture, but the caffeine in 20 mM-KCI Ringer solution produced a contracture. Above results suggest that the main $Ca^{++}$ source for the K·contracture of frog ventricle is $Ca^{++}$ influx through the voltage-dependent Ca-channel, and that in the K-contracture at the concentration of 100 mM-KCI, the mechanism of Na/ca exchange also partly contributs, in addition to the $Ca^{++}$ influx.