• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.289-302
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• 2023

Purpose: Liver metastasis (LM) is reported in approximately 40% of patients with advanced/metastatic gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (metastatic esophagogastric adenocarcinoma; mGEA) and is associated with a worse prognosis. This post-hoc analysis from the RAINBOW trial reported the efficacy, safety, and biomarker outcomes of ramucirumab and paclitaxel combination treatment (RAM+PAC) in patients with (LM+) and without (LM-) LM at baseline. Materials and Methods: Patients (n=665) were randomly assigned on a 1:1 basis to receive either RAM+PAC (LM+: 150, LM-: 180) or placebo and paclitaxel (PL+PAC) (LM+: 138, LM-: 197). The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated using stratified Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models. The correlation of dichotomized biomarkers (VEGF-C, D; VEGFR-1,2) with efficacy in the LM+ versus LM- subgroups was analyzed using the Cox regression model with reported interaction P-values. Results: The presence of LM was associated with earlier progression than those without LM, particularly in patients receiving PL+PAC (hazard ratio [HR], 1.68). RAM+PAC treatment improved OS and PFS irrespective of LM status but showed greater improvement in LM+ than that in LM- (OS HR, 0.71 [LM+] vs. 0.88 [LM-]; PFS HR, 0.47 [LM+] vs. 0.76 [LM-]). Treatment-emergent adverse events were similar between patients with and without LM. No predictive relationship was observed between biomarker levels (VEGF-C, D; VEGFR-1,2) and efficacy outcome (OS, PFS) (all interaction P-values >0.05). Conclusions: RAM provided a significant benefit, irrespective of LM status; however, its effect was numerically stronger in patients with LM. Therefore, RAM+PAC is a clinically meaningful therapeutic option for patients with mGEA and LM.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.820-825
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• 2007

A ballscrew-linear motion(LM) guide is well-described by its name: it is a LM guide that runs by ballscrew. It consists of LM rail, LM block, end plate, screw, nut and bearing balls. The ballscrew-LM guide has many advantages compared with conventional LM guide. The high efficiency achieved with rolling contact devices permits the employment of antibacklash methods. The balls provide the only physical contact between nut rail and block and ball screw and nut replacing the sliding friction with a rolling motion. The life of the ballscrew-LM is determinated by the balls. The objective of this paper is to introduce the design of the ballscrew-LM with the safety working load.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.163-170
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• 2022

There is a continuous rise in the commercialization of living modified (LM) organisms worldwide. While LM plants have not yet been cultivated in South Korea, research, development, import of products, and registration of related research facilities are progressing. LM plants should be tested in greenhouses and fields during development. Furthermore, environmental risk assessment and safety management should be performed before their release into the environment. Research on LM plant development is conducted in laboratories as well as confined greenhouses and fields. Safety management regulations are provided as combination standards for the LMO Act in each research district. The accidental release of the LM petunia in Japan was a significant incident related to LM plant research. It implies that normal plants within the distance of crossing should be regarded as LM plants. In the United States, LM creeping bentgrass was released into the environment, thus necessitating the establishment of stringent measures to prevent the scattering of LM plant seeds by wind or other mediums. In South Korea, LM Zoysia and LM cotton were released through rainwater. Therefore, safety measures that prevent LM seed mixing and plant vegetative propagules escaping into the environment via rainwater must be established. Preventing the dispersal of unapproved LM plants requires significant time, expenditure, and effort. Researchers should first identify the impact of LM plants on the ecosystem, and steps to avert their environmental release must be implemented.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.10C no.7
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• pp.851-856
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• 2003

The LM generator is an improved summation generator with maximum period, near maximum linear complexity and maximum order of correlation immunity, and it has a property with the input-output correlation immunity In this paper, we propose the high-speed m-parallel LM-BSG and 8-parallel LM-BSG for detail as a design example. When compared with a conventional stream cipher, the properties of the proposed cipher exhibited the same crypto-degree (security) with a rt times faster processing.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.1077-1085
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• 2016

Linear roller bearing (LRB) is an important mechanical element that is widely used in precise positioning systems that are subjected to large loads. This paper presents a new model for estimating the displacement of an LRB subjected to external forces. For this purpose, assuming that the linear motion block (LM block) is rigid, the equilibrium conditions for the LRB were obtained by solving the equilibrium equations of the rollers and the rigid LM block using the iterative Newton-Raphson method. The contact loads between the rollers and raceways were determined considering the profiled rollers. Then, the structural deformations of the LM block, subjected to the contact loads from the rigid LM block model, were computed using a finite element model for the LM block. The displacements of the LRB were then determined by superposition of the rigid LM block displacements on the induced displacements due to the structural deformations of the LM block. The proposed method was verified through comparison with a program by the bearing manufacturer.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.696-705
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• 2012

Accurate synthesis models based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) are proposed to directly obtain the physical dimensions of an asymmetric coplanar waveguide with conductor backing and substrate overlaying (ACPWCBSO). First, the ACPWCBSO is analyzed with the conformal mapping technique (CMT) to obtain the training data. Then, a modified genetic-algorithm-Levenberg-Marquardt (GA-LM) algorithm is adopted to train ANNs. In the algorithm, the maximal relative error (MRE) is used as the fitness function of the chromosomes to guarantee that the MRE is small, while the mean square error is used as the error function in LM training to ensure that the average relative error is small. The MRE of ANNs trained with the modified GA-LM algorithm is less than 8.1%, which is smaller than those trained with the existing GA-LM algorithm and the LM algorithm (greater than 15%). Lastly, the ANN synthesis models are validated by the CMT analysis, electromagnetic simulation, and measurements.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.269-279
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• 2018

The present study was conducted to evaluate fertigation effects of balanced manure nutrients from combined fertilizers on the growth of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and soil chemical properties in greenhouse cultivation. There are 4 treatments for fertigation; animal liquid manure (LM), LM supplemented with chemical ferilizer (LM+CF) to make nutrient-balanced ferilizer, LM supplemented with chemical ferilizer and phosphorus acid (LM+CF+PA), and conventional chemical fertilzer (CCF). Fruit lenth, width, and weight for LM treatment were significantly lower than LM+CF, LM+CF+PA, and CCF treatments. There was no significant differences in fruit length, width, and weight among LM+CF, LM+CF+PA, and CCF treatments. The yield of eggplants per plant for LM treatment (26.2 kg) was decreased by 6% compared to CCF treatment (27.9 kg). The growth and yield of eggplants were not significant different among CCF, LM+CF, and LM+CF+PA treatments. The marketable yield for LM treatment was lowest among 4 treatments and that for LM+CF+PA treatment (26.6 kg) was increased by 8% compared to CCF treatment (24.1 kg). The chemical properties of the soil for CCF treatment, in general, tended to be higher compared to the other treatments. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the application of balanced liquid manure combined with mineral fertilizer to soil is considered as a good management practices because it improves, eggplant quality and soil properties.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.415-422
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• 2021

Cotton is an important fiber crop, and its seeds are used as feed for dairy cattle. Crop biotechnology has been used to improve agronomic traits and quality in the agricultural industry. The frequent unintentional release of LM cotton into the environment in South Korea is attributed to the increased application of living modified (LM) cotton in food, feed, and processing industries. To identify and monitor the LM cotton, a method for detecting the approved LM cotton in South Korea is required. In this study, we developed a method for the simultaneous detection of four LM cotton varieties, MON757, MON88702, COT67B, and GHB811. The genetic information of each LM event was obtained from the European Commission-Joint Research Centre and Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency. We designed event-specific primers to develop a multiplex PCR method for LM cotton and confirmed the specific amplification. Using specificity assay, random reference material(RM) mixture analysis and limit of detection(LOD), we verified the accuracy and specificity of the multiplex PCR method. Our results demonstrate that the method enabled the detection of each event and validation of the specificity using other LM RMs. The efficiency of multiplex PCR was further verified using a random RM mixture. Based on the LOD, the method identified 25 ng of template DNA in a single reaction. In summary, we developed a multiplex PCR method for simultaneous detection of four LM cotton varieties, for possible application in LM volunteer analysis.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 2006

Interior permanent magnet synchronous motor(IPMSM) has become a popular choice in electric vehicle applications, due to their excellent power to weight ratio. The paper is proposed maximum torque control of IPMSM drive using learning mechanism-fuzzy neural network(LM-FNN) controller and artificial neural network(ANN). The control method is applicable over the entire speed range and considered the limits of the inverter's current and voltage rated value. For each control mode, a condition that determines the optimal d-axis current $i_{d}$ for maximum torque operation is derived. This paper considers the design and implementation of novel technique of high performance speed control for IPMSM using LM-FNN controller and ANN controller. The hybrid combination of neural network and fuzzy control will produce a powerful representation flexibility and numerical processing capability. Also, this paper is proposed speed control of IPMSM using LM-FNN and estimation of speed using ANN controller. The back propagation neural network technique is used to provide a real time adaptive estimation of the motor speed. The proposed control algorithm is applied to IPMSM drive system controlled LM-FNN and ANN controller, the operating characteristics controlled by maximum torque control are examined in detail. Also, this paper is proposed the analysis results to verify the effectiveness of the LM-FNN and ANN controller.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1062-1069
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• 2012

This paper suggests a computational modeling to reflect static/dynamic characteristics of LM bearings. A theoretical study for modeling LM bearings is elucidated by using the Hertz contact theory, the Lagrange's equation of motion, normal mode analysis and a calculation of equivalent moment center. The complex geometry of LM bearings is replaced by a simplified model with eight springs only. The suggested model reflects static and dynamic characteristics of LM bearings without any consideration for the shape of the bed or stages on the LM bearings. The modal experimental results are compared to the simulation results with the suggested computational modeling. The difference between the experiments and simulation is calculated less than 8%.