• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.79-83
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• 2009

In this study, actual state of operation of rotary tillage was surveyed in the central part of Korea which includes 29 rural community around Asan city, Choongnam principal. 29 heads of the village and 44 farmers were surveyed at the field with a questionnaire on the operation of rotary tillage with farm tractors. Power requirement of rotary tillage operation was measured at the field of each farmers during rotary tilling operation in the central part of Korea. Summaries of this study are summarized as follows. 1) Operations of tillage and land preparation were found to be carried out with farm tractors by 98 percents which are results of the survey on 29 heads of the village and 44 farmers. 2) More than half of the farms had tractors with horsepower more than 38 kW which states that most tractors were supplied in middle and large size. 3) The case of applying secondary tillage after the first primary tillage were 79 percent among the most of operations of tillage and field preparation. Rotary tillage were carried out on the most of wet paddy fields and only 14 percent of dry fields were cultivated with rotary tillage. 4) 63.6 percent of farm tractors were surveyed to meet the recommended field capacity on tillage operation by the government which were ranged from 15.1 to 34.9 ha. And the field capacity of these farm tractors were greater than that of annual total area of operation field, 13.2ha (data from Information of agricultural machinery, National agricultural products quality service, Korea), which states the utilization of agricultural machinery was high in the area surveyed. 5) 46 percent of farmers changed the blade of rotary implement when they used it over the field capacity of rotary blade of 33 ha which is the area of field for rotary operation per a blade change. 55 percent of farmers changed the rotary blade more than once per two years. 6) The required power for rotary operation of each farm tractors were measured as 17.206 kW at untilled paddy field and 34.989 kW at untilled dry field on the average, respectively. The required power for rotary operation was measured as 28.248 kW on the average at the paddy field which had been plowed once and 28.015 at the paddy field that had rotary tillage operation. Untilled dry field showed the highest value of the required power for rotary operation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.131-143
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• 2005

This study is performed to examine the meal management attitudes of housewives who had elementary schoolchildren in the remote rural areas(RA: n = 318, $37.2{\pm}0.3$ years of age) in comparison to those in their vicinity urban area(UA: n = 349, $36.9{\pm}0.2$ years of age) in the Chungnam province in Korea. The subjects were asked to fill out the questionnaire on their attitudes of meal management for their families. The results obtained in this study were as followings: (1) Most husbands of the subjects had a farming job in the RA while they had salaried workers in the UA(p<0.001). Education levels of both subjects and their husbands were lower in the RA than in the UA. Nuclear families were dominated by both groups, however single parent-family and step parent-family were more prevalent in the RA than in the UA. (2) in terms of ways of getting foods such as grains, meats, eggs, vegetables and fruits, the RA housewives relied more often on self-production than did the UA housewives(p<0.001). (3) The frequency of purchasing unprocessed foods was lower in the RA than in the UA(p<0.001). The RA housewives purchased the convenient foods such as instant noodles(p<0.05), ready to eatsoups(p<0.001), retort pouch foods(p<0.05) and instant teas(p<0.05) more frequently than did the UA housewives, while tuna, canned in oil(p<0.01), milk and their products(p<0.001), soybean products(p<0.001) and snacks(p<0.01) were purchased less often by the RA housewives. (4) Family members except housewives engaged more often in meal preparation in the RA than did those in the UA(p<0.001), which was more strongly observed for dinner. The time spent in preparing the dinner was shorter in the RA than in the UA(p<0.001). (5) The degrees of endeavor to provide the subjects' offspring with balanced meal(p<0.001) and nutrition education(p<0.01) were lower in the RA than in the UA. The RA housewives had more difficulty for performing meal management because of 'over work-related fatigue', 'insufficient money to purchase foods' and 'far distance from grocery' than the UA housewives(p<0.001). The RA housewives had lower score on nutritional knowledge(p<0.001) and wanted more strongly nutritional knowledge to improve the quality of family's meal than did the UA housewives(p<0.01). Therefore, the RA housewives had various problems regarding meal management such as 'over work related to fatigue', 'food-purchasing inconvenience', 'low economic status of family' and 'lack of nutritional knowledge'. As a consequence the RA housewives relied on cheap convenient foods more often in order to prepare the meal easily than did the UA housewives. These findings emphasize the need in the RA for nutrition education for housewives and a range of nutrition policies that focus upon the social and economic determinants of food choice within families to improve the nutritional status of the RA residents.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.261-269
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• 1989

Agricultural activities in Chejudo require more specialized weather services in this region. The meteorological information available from the Korea Meteorological Service (KMS) is limited in its areal coverage because the KMS stations are located along the narrow band of coastal area. topoclimatological technique which makes use of empirical relationships between the topography and the weather can be applied to produce reasonable estimates of the climatic variables such as air temperature and precipitation over remote land area where routine observations are rare. Presentation of these estimates in a from of fine-mesh grid map can also be helpful to upgrade the quality of weather services in this region. Altitude values of the 250 m grid points were read from a 1: 25000 topographic map and the mean altitude, the mean slope, and the aspect of the slope were determined for each 1 km$^2$ land area from these altitude data. Daily minimum air temperature data were collected from 18 points in Chejudo during the winter period from November 1987 to February 1988. The data were grouped into 3 sets based on synoptic pressure pattern. Departures from the KMS observations were regressed to the topographical variables to delineate empirical relationships between the local minimum temperature under specific pressure patterns and the site topography. The selected regression equations were used to calculate the daily minimum temperature for each 1 km$^2$ land area under the specific pressure patterns. The outputs were presented in a fine-mesh grid map with a 6-level contour capability.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2016

Various microflora, including lactic acid bacteria, are important and necessary components of various cheeses and have significant roles in cheese manufacturing and ripening. In general, the starter culture and secondary microflora could affect the physicochemical properties of various cheeses and could contribute to modifications during manufacturing and ripening. Therefore, during cheese manufacturing and ripening, microbial diversity may depend on continuous interactions among microflora and various environmental conditions. The microbial diversity of cheese is very complex and difficult to control using the classical microbiological techniques. However, recent culture-independent methods have been rapidly developed for microflora in cheese, which could be directly detected using DNA (and/or RNA) in combination with culture-dependent methods. Therefore, this review summarizes state-of-the-art molecular methods to analyze microbial communities in order to understand the properties that affect quality and ripening as well as the complex microbial diversity of various raw-milk, long-ripened cheeses.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.94-105
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• 2012

The purposes of this study is to identify the professional knowledge of the three elementary teachers for science-gifted students in teaching method. All teachers have received in-service program in gifted education, and have been recommended by their colleagues. Two teachers have instructed the gifted for more than five years, one teacher have instructed the gifted for one year and the general students for eleven years. For for this study, each teacher's lesson plans were collected, videotapes were recorded during lessons, and in-depth interview for each participant were conducted. All recoded data were transcribed and analyzed. Some unique characteristics of teaching method for the gifted were identified from the class instruction of participants. They had knowledge of teaching model for the gifted, especially Renzulli's three pod enrichment model. And they mainly used the materials developed by KEDI for the gifted. Also they had capability to be able to reconstruct them, but their lesson plans did not be realized well in their class. Some implications from findings of this study were suggested, such as teaching methods to improve the quality in the classes of the gifted in science.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.359-372
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• 2016

Background: The purpose of this study was to develop risk-adjustment models for acute stroke mortality that were based on data from Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) dataset and to evaluate the validity of these models for comparing hospital performance. Methods: We identified prognostic factors of acute stroke mortality through literature review. On the basis of the avaliable data, the following factors was included in risk adjustment models: age, sex, stroke subtype, stroke severity, and comorbid conditions. Survey data in 2014 was used for development and 2012 dataset was analysed for validation. Prediction models of acute stroke mortality by stroke type were developed using logistic regression. Model performance was evaluated using C-statistics, $R^2$ values, and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistics. Results: We excluded some of the clinical factors such as mental status, vital sign, and lab finding from risk adjustment model because there is no avaliable data. The ischemic stroke model with age, sex, and stroke severity (categorical) showed good performance (C-statistic=0.881, Hosmer-Lemeshow test p=0.371). The hemorrhagic stroke model with age, sex, stroke subtype, and stroke severity (categorical) also showed good performance (C-statistic=0.867, Hosmer-Lemeshow test p=0.850). Conclusion: Among risk adjustment models we recommend the model including age, sex, stroke severity, and stroke subtype for HIRA assessment. However, this model may be inappropriate for comparing hospital performance due to several methodological weaknesses such as lack of clinical information, variations across hospitals in the coding of comorbidities, inability to discriminate between comorbidity and complication, missing of stroke severity, and small case number of hospitals. Therefore, further studies are needed to enhance the validity of the risk adjustment model of acute stroke mortality.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.12
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• pp.165-200
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• 1985

We have come to the time when we no longer ask why we computerize, but we need to concentrate on how to effectively accomplish the task. Application of computers has been very active in many fields in Korea during the last few years. And yet libraries are rather slow in taking adventage of computers most likely due to the lack of adequate funds and proper understanding of administrators, but also it seems that the majority of librarians are not quite prepared to adopt it. The purpose of this paper is to study the various aspects of computerization of library work, mainly for library administrators and librarians; although they need not understand the electronical and technical aspects of computers, but they should prepare themselves enough at least to be able to make proper requests to computer specialists in relation to what they want to accomplish with computers in order to improve the work of the library. In preparing this paper, not only successful cases of computer application which had been carried out in many libraries of advanced countries have been studied, but also various reasons for failure have been reviewed in order not to make the same mistakes. The paper covers those areas of library work where computers can be applied, such as feasibility, cost effectiveness, planning, implementation and some other aspects of computerization. As a conclusion, two viewpoints need to be discussed. First, each library should work cooperatively with other libraies instead of trying to develop its own computer programs, since we cannot affort to waste financial and technical resources as well as time. Computer applicable library work can be divided and assumed by certain libraries with responsibility to develop turn-key systems applicable to Korean university libraries. In order to carry out this task, there should be complete financial assistance from government, and in turn those libraries shouldf be required to offer assistance to any other interested libaries in Korea. Secondly, library school curriculum should offer such courses where future librarians can learn decision making, business administration and independent thinking in addition to traditional courses. Future librarians as well as those who are already in the profession should prepare themselves to meet the challenge of the professional requirements in order to meet the ever increasing and diverse needs for good quality service generated from the library users.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2015

Due to the introduction of various IT devices, including the recently smartphones and the widespread use of the car navigation system to the location-based information service space has been increased. Spatial information users have been requiring higher levels of quality. In this paper, we study how to build accurate three-dimensional space information by integrating MMS(Moblie Mapping System) survey and airborne survey data. Thus, to analyze the tendency of deviation between the MMS survey and airborne survey data observed in the experimental region, the deviation tendency of the data, it was confirmed that was not consistent. Deviation correction model to select how to change the georeferencing information directly contained in the GPS/INS processing results for the determination, classifies the standard is a method for acquiring the correction reference point coordinates using the calibration model, and analyzed their advantages and disadvantages. With the information of the reference point obtained by airborne photograph of a project, using the method of correcting the MMS survey data. Not only clear the deviation existing between the MMS survey data, it was possible to confirm that the deviation exists between the airborne survey data and MMS survey data was also almost erased.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.77-94
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of vertical fragmentation of regional industries in Korea using Revealed Comparative Advantage index (RCA) and Average Propagation Length (APL). First of all, the competitiveness in regional export and substitution of regional imports were strong in the Electricity, Gas, and Water supply sector in Gyeongnam, and consumer-oriented Manufacturing sector in Incheon, Gyeongnam, and Gwangju. The high values of the APL were also found in the regions with common similarity with respect to the industrial structure and the sectors with indirect effects. In addition, the industrial sectors with high quality of infrastructure, and endowed services tended to be located in the beginning of the production chain. FInally, since manufacturing and service sectors in Seoul has higher APL, they could lead the growth of other related industries as key sectors, in the production fragmentation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.76-82
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• 2010

This study was carried out to compare and analyze control methods of the sunburn occurrence that affected 'Fuji'/M.9 planting systems in Korea from 2001 to 2003. It is very important to control temperature of the surface of fruits, because sunburn may occur when the temperature of fruit surfaces reaches $40^{\circ}C{\sim}45^{\circ}C$ due to high air temperature and sunlight during growing periods. As control methods of the sunburn occurrence, white coating materials such as $CaCO_3$ or kaolin were applied four times at two-week intervals from late June, and microspraying of water was conducted when air temperature was over $31^{\circ}C$ from late July to mid-August. Both methods were effective for preventing the sunburn occurrence and improving fruit quality by decreasing peel's temperature of fruits and increasing photosynthesis.