• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1998.09a
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• pp.331-341
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• 1998

With high resolution capability, satellite images are expanding their roles from earth resource monitorings to map production. Until now, maps are produced from airborne photos, but as large as at 1:2,400 scale, low cost satellite ortho images will replace the airborne photos. However, there has been no standard for map productions with satellite images. In this paper, we study the process of map productions with the satellite images of SPOT, IRS-lC, KOMPSAT, the positional accuracy of map features extracted from the satellite images, and the relationship between the image resolution and the map scale.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.219-224
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to acquire the data related to insulation evaluation of hybrid vehicle traction motors. We carried out a comparative analysis on Insulation Resistance (IR) and Polarization Index (PI) of motor stators according to IEEE Std. 43 and IEC 60085-1 for insulation resistance test standard of rotating machinery. Maximum test voltage which is applied to between a phase and enclosure was set at 500 V. The IRs of the used motors were lower than those of the new ones. The PIs of the used motor were ranges from 0.74 to 1.1 and did not meet the recommendation basis 2 for insulation level H. From the experimental results, we could prepare parameters and basis for insulation evaluation of motor stators by comparative analysis of the IR and the PI.

• Food Industry And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.10-18
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• 2005

제2형 당뇨병은 인슐린 저항성과 인슐린 분비능의 장애에 의해서 복합적으로 나타나는 대사성 증후군 중 하나이다. 인슐린 저항성은 용어에서도 알 수 있듯이 인슐린 신호전달의 저하로 인한 인슐린 작용 감소가 나타나고 이는 인슐린 분비가 증가하더라도 포도당 이용은 감소된 상태이다. 인슐린 분비능은 직접적으로 인슐린 작용과는 무관한 것처럼 보이지만 자세히 살펴보면 인슐린 분비능의 중요한 역할을 하는 췌장 베타세포의 성장과 생존은 인슐린/IGF-1 신호 전달과 밀접한 관계가 있으므로 인슐린 분비능도 인슐린/IGF-1 신호전달과 관련이 있다. 그러므로 인슐린/IGF기 신호전달의 장애는 제2형 당뇨병의 병인에 매우 중요한 요인이다. 그러므로 제2형 당뇨병을 효과적으로 예방 또는 치료하기 위해서는 근육, 지방세포와 간등에서 인슐린 신호전달을 향상시켜 포도당 이용을 증가시키고, 시상하부에서 인슐린 신호전달을 향상시켜 식욕을 적절하게 조절할 수 있도록 하여 과체중이나 비만의 발생을 방지하고 췌장의 베타세포에서 인슐린/IGF-1 신호전달을 향상시켜 베타세포의 성장과 생존을 향상시켜 포도당에 대한 인슐린 분비 능을 촉진시키는 것이다. 최근에 FDA에서 승인받은 Exenatide는 glucagons like peptide-1 receptor agonist로 시상하부에 작용하여 식욕조절도 하고 췌장의 베타세포에서 IRS2의 발현을 증가시켜 인슐린/IGF-1 신호전달을 향상시켜 insulinotropic 작용을 가지는 것으로 알려졌다. 이 Exenatide는 도마뱀의 독침에서 분리한 peptide로 천연물로부터 유래된 약물이므로 천연물로부터 제2형 당뇨병을 치료할 수 있는 약물을 발견할 가능성은 매우 높으므로 이에 대한 연구는 체계적으로 이루어져야 하겠다.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.72.2-72.2
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• 2010

The extremely metal-poor halo planetary nebula BoBn 1 has been investigated based on IUE archive data, Subaru/HDS spectra, VLT/UVES archive data, and Spitzer/IRS spectra. We have measured a heliocentric radial velocity of $+191.6\pm1.3\;kms^{-1}$ and expansion velocity 2Vexp of $40.5\pm3.3\;kms^{-1}$ from an average over 300 lines. The estimations of C, N, O, and Ne abundances from the optical recombination lines (ORLs) and Kr, Xe, and Ba from the collisional excitation lines (CELs) are also done. We have detected 5 fluorine and several slow neutron capture elements (the s-process). The amounts of [F/H], [Kr/H], and [Xe/H] suggest that BoBn 1 is the most F-rich among F detected PNe and is a heavy s-process element rich PN. The photo-ionization models built with non-LTE theoretical stellar atmospheres indicate that the progenitor was a 1-1.5 $M_\bigstar$ that would evolve into a white dwarf with an $0.62M_{\odot}$ core mass and $0.09M_{\odot}$ ionized nebula. Careful examination implies that BoBn 1 has evolved from a binary and experienced coalescence during the evolution to become a visible PN. The elemental abundances except N could be explained by a binary model composed of $0.75M_{\odot}+1.5M_{\odot}$ stars.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.154-158
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• 2021

An endemic endangered species, Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae (Danyang aster) B2015-0044, is cultivated at the Shingu Botanical Garden, which serves as the ex situ conservation institution for this species. In this work, we sequenced the chloroplast genome of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae B2015-0044. We found that the chloroplast (cp) genome of B2015-0044 was 152,457 base pairs(bps) in size: 84,247 bps of large single copy regions(LSC), 25,007 bps of inverted repeats(IRs), and 18,196 bps of small single copy regions. The B2015-0044 cp genome contains 79 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 4 RNA genes, 29 tRNA genes, and 3 pseudogenes. These results were identical to a previously reported cp genome (Park et al., 2017), except for two sites in introns and three in intergenic spacer (IGS) regions. For the intronic differences, we found that clpP.i1 had a 1-bp small simple repeat (SSR) (T) and petD.i had a 3-bp SSR (ATT). We found 1-bp SSRs in the IGSs of trnT_ggu~psbD and psbZ~trnG_gcc, C and A, respectively. The IGS of(ndhF)~rpl32 had a SNP. Based on our results, the cp genome of the A. altaicus var. uchiyamae can be classified into two genotypes, [C]¹-[A]¹²-[T]¹²-[ATT]⁴-C and [C]²-[A]¹¹-[T]¹¹-[ATT]²-A.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.13-30
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• 2011

It's vital to establish the competitive comparative advantage as the competitions among global logistics companies have become fierce. The global companies, hence, must innovate their Port Hinterland to hub and spoke in a view of SCM. The Port Hinterland significantly affects its local economy and value added. The task of the Port Hinterland nowadays is to improve its efficiencies by utilizing logistics operations and services. The Korean government has planned to reduce the scale of the Port. The CCR and BCC matrices show that there are nine efficient companies: two companies in Gwangyang Hinterland and five companies in Busan Hinterland, though Masan FTZ was only ranked on the 24th, on the rank of world FTZ. This paper aims at finding the cargo volume necessary for achieving the maximum efficiency. This research proposes an appropriate strategy to keep a certain amount of cargo volume stable and presents the Port Hinterland differentiation strategies of Gwangyang and Busan.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.121-138
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• 2018

This study aims to suggest effective management performances of nonprofit arts organizations among competitive environment. To examine the factors which affect the performance of nonprofit performing arts organizations such as external environment, cultural capital, orchestra characters and government grants, this study analyzed the data of 990 tax forms of the US Internal Revenue Service(IRS) of the top 73 symphony orchestras and government sources in USA. Independent variables are measured as sponsorship amount which is the biggest part of orchestras' income, and ticket sales which is profit of inherent business purpose. As a result, the performance of the orchestra is affected positively by the income and influenced by the orchestras' characteristics including age, size, and conductor. Also government grants to the orchestras are essential for organizations to sustain their business. But, there are two different sides on these effects that small to medium groups are influenced by crowding in effect and bigger groups are more likely conducted by business overview. Lastly, cultural capital is no significant relationships to orchestras' management performances. This scope of the study is limited to American symphony orchestras; however, this study is significant in that empirical analysis on nonprofit performing arts organizations from an economic view point and contribute on other nonprofit arts organizations to develop their strategic plan for sustainable business.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.762-770
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• 2022

Hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes can be alleviated by promoting cellular glucose uptake. Betulinic acid (3β,-3-hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid) is a pentacyclic lupane-type triterpenoid compound. Although there have been studies on the antidiabetic activity of betulinic acid, studies on cellular glucose uptake are lacking. We investigated the effects of betulinic acid on glucose uptake and its mechanism of action in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Betulinic acid significantly stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by increasing the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate 1-tyrosine (IRS-1tyr) in the insulin signaling pathway, which in turn stimulated the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt). The activation of PI3K and Akt by betulinic acid translocated glucose transporter 4 to the plasma membrane (PM-GLUT4), thereby increasing the expression of PM-GLUT4 and thus stimulating cellular glucose uptake. Betulinic acid also significantly increased the phosphorylation/activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. The activation of PI3K and AMPK by betulinic acid was confirmed using the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin and the AMPK inhibitor compound C. The increase in glucose uptake induced by betulinic acid was significantly decreased by wortmannin and compound C in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These results suggest that betulinic acid stimulates glucose uptake by activating PI3K and AMPK in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.102-114
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• 2022

Objectives: We investigated the effects of Allii Fistulosi Bulbus (AFB) on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice and the regulation of energy metabolism in muscle tissues of mice. Methods: The C57BL/6 mice (6 weeks, male) were fed a HFD for 8 weeks and then administrated with AFB extract at 500 mg/kg (p.o.) once daily for 4 weeks. The body weight (BW), muscle weight, calorie intake, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum glucose, insulin, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were measured in mice. It was also observed the histological changes of pancreas, liver, and fat tissues with hematoxylin and eosin staining. It was investigated the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), Ser/Thr kinase (AKT), and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), and sirtuin1 (Sirt1) in gastrocnemius tissues by western blot, respectively. Results: The increases of BWs, calorie intakes and FBG levels in obesity mice were decreased significantly by the administration of AFB extract. The AFB extract administration was reduced significantly serum levels of glucose, insulin, and LDL-C in obesity mice. The AFB extract inhibited lipid accumulation in liver tissues, hyperplasia of pancreatic islets, and enlargement of fat tissues in obesity mice. The phosphorylation of IRS-1 and AKT was increased significantly in muscle tissues and AMPK phosphorylation and the GLUT4 and Sirt1 expression were decreased significantly in muscle tissues after the AFB administration. Conclusions: Our study indicates that AFB extract improves symptoms of obesity through regulation of energy regulating proteins in muscle tissues.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.57.1-57.1
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• 2016

Methanol ($CH_3OH$) is a key species in the formation of complex organic molecules. We report the first detection of solid $CH_3OH$ in a line of sight toward the Galactic center (GC) region, based on L-band spectra taken with the Subaru telescope, aided by L'-band imaging data and moderate-resolution spectra from NASA/IRTF. It is found toward a background star, ~8000 AU in projected distance from a newly discovered massive young stellar object (YSO). This YSO also exhibits a strong $CO_2$ ice absorption band at ${\sim}15{\mu}m$ in Spitzer/IRS data, which has a prominent long-wavelength wing. It confirms that a high $CH_3OH$ abundance is responsible for the broad $15{\mu}m$ $CO_2$ ice absorption towards massive YSOs in the GC. Clearly, $CH_3OH$ formation in ices is efficient in the GC region, as it is in star-forming regions in the Galactic disk. We discuss implications of our result on the astrochemical processes in the hostile GC molecular clouds.