• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.15-47
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• 2021

성페로몬은 곤충 종 특이적으로 교미신호를 전달하는 화학신호물질이다. 곤충의 촉각에는 이러한 성페로몬 화학물질을 받아들이는 특이적 수용체를 지닌다. 성페로몬이 이 수용체에 결합하면서 감각전위를 발생시키고 이는 대뇌로 전달되어 정보 인식을 통해 교미행동을 유발하게 한다. 성페로몬은 또한 해충의 발생을 모니터링하는 데 이용되어 온도발육모델과 더불어 향후 발생상황을 예측하는 데 널리 이용되고 있다. 더불어 성페로몬이 해충의 대량포획, 유살 또는 교미교란을 유발하여 직접적으로 방제에 응용된다. 본 종설은 성페로몬과 관련된 곤충 생리 및 이를 이용한 해충관리기술을 소개한다.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.119-139
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• 2022

This paper deals with the λ-labeling and L(2, 1)-coloring of simple graphs. A λ-labeling of a graph G is any labeling of the vertices of G with different labels such that any two adjacent vertices receive labels which differ at least two. Also an L(2, 1)-coloring of G is any labeling of the vertices of G such that any two adjacent vertices receive labels which differ at least two and any two vertices with distance two receive distinct labels. Assume that a partial λ-labeling f is given in a graph G. A general question is whether f can be extended to a λ-labeling of G. We show that the extension is feasible if and only if a Hamiltonian path consistent with some distance constraints exists in the complement of G. Then we consider line graph of bipartite multigraphs and determine the minimum number of labels in L(2, 1)-coloring and λ-labeling of these graphs. In fact we obtain easily computable formulas for the path covering number and the maximum path of the complement of these graphs. We obtain a polynomial time algorithm which generates all Hamiltonian paths in the related graphs. A special case is the Cartesian product graph K_n☐K_n and the generation of λ-squares.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.711-720
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• 2021

Let R denote a commutative noetherian ring, and let 𝐱 := x1, …, xd be an R-regular sequence. Suppose that 𝖆 denotes a monomial ideal with respect to 𝐱. The first purpose of this article is to show that 𝖆 is irreducible if and only if 𝖆 is a generalized-parametric ideal. Next, it is shown that, for any integer n ≥ 1, (x1, …, xd)n = ⋂P(f), where the intersection (irredundant) is taken over all monomials f = xe11 ⋯ xedd such that deg(f) = n - 1 and P(f) := (xe1+11, ⋯, xed+1d). The second main result of this paper shows that if 𝖖 := (𝐱) is a prime ideal of R which is contained in the Jacobson radical of R and R is 𝖖-adically complete, then 𝖆 is a parameter ideal if and only if 𝖆 is a monomial irreducible ideal and Rad(𝖆) = 𝖖. In addition, if a is generated by monomials m1, …, mr, then Rad(𝖆), the radical of a, is also monomial and Rad(𝖆) = (ω1, …, ωr), where ωi = rad(mi) for all i = 1, …, r.

• 전기저널
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• 통권323호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2003

불투명한 경제정세의 와중에서도 전기에너지를 지탱하는 근간이 되는 파워 일렉트로닉스 분야는 확실히 그 기술개발을 향상시켜 오고 있다. 특히 파워디바이스는, 지구환경과 생활환경을 보다 쾌적하게 하기 위하여 인버터 장치 등의 각종 전력절약기기와 풍력$\cdot$태양광$\cdot$연료전지 등 클린에너지의 전력제어장치에 없어서는 안되는 반도체디바이스로 성장했다. 파워디바이스 중에서도 IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)의 기술혁신은 요 20년 사이에 비약적인 성과를 거두었다. 1980년대에 제품화된 IGBT는, 반도체메모리의 초미세가공기술을 도입하면서 $5{\mu}m$에서 서브미크론의 디자인툴로 발전하여, 2000년대에 들어 칩의 전류밀도는 약 2배, 포화전압은 약 $65\%$까지 개량되었다. 이와 같은 IGBT의 변천은, 전력손실을 대폭적으로 저감시켜 에너지절약기기의 전력변환효율 향상에 공헌하고 있다. 파워디바이스의 기술진보에서 또 한 가지 잊지 말아야 할 것은 주변회로의 집적화(集積化)에 의한 고성능$\cdot$고기능화이다. 최근의 인버터용 파워디바이스로 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 파워모듈은, IGBT등의 파워칩과 그 주변회로와의 컬래버레이션에 의한 제품이다. 다시 말하면 구동회로, 전류$\cdot$전압$\cdot$온도센서 및 그것들의 보호회로가 IC(집적회로)에 편입되어 고기능$\cdot$소형화를 촉진시키고 있다. 구동회로는 LVIC (저전압집적회로)에서 HVIC(고전압집적회로)로 발전하여 전류$\cdot$온도 등의 각종 센서도 동일 칩에 설계할 수 있게 되었다. 또 센싱이나 보호기능뿐만이 아니라 출력전류의 제어를 위한 연산기능과 di/dt의 제어기능이 내장되도록 되어 있어 보다. 고성능의 인텔리전트 파워모듈(IPM)이라고 불리우는 새로운 개념의 파워디바이스가 실현되었다. 또한 패키지 기술도 내부배선 인덕턴스의 저감과 트랜스퍼 몰드패키지의 개발로, 소형화뿐만이 아니라 파워칩의 성능$\cdot$기능을 충분히 발휘할 수 있도록 개발이 적극적으로 추진되고 있다.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.448-461
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 교통관제용 CCTV로부터 촬영된 영상에서 교통 상황 분석을 위해 차량의 통행량 및 통행 속도를 획득하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 촬영된 영상에 역 투영 사상(IPM, Inverse Perspective Mapping) 방법을 이용하여 카메라 각도에 따른 시각적 관점에서 기인한 왜곡을 제거하고, 차선 검출 알고리즘을 통해 1) 차량 통행량, 2) 차량 통행 속도를 측정할 소정 영역을 획득한다. 소정 영역에 대하여 광류(Optical flow) 기반 모션 추정을 이용하여 차량 통행량 및 통행 속도를 획득한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법을 지역별 다양한 CCTV 영상인 총 106,993 프레임, 약 세 시간 길이의 영상에 적용하여 88.94%의 검출 성능을 얻을 수 있었다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2004

Pest monitoring through field surveys and surveillance helps in forecasting the population build up of pest. It reduces the load of pesticides application and forms the basis of Integrated Pest Management in sericulture. Common sampling techniques for quantifying pest populations and damage caused by them are reviewed emphasizing the need for quick and simple sampling methods. Various direct and indirect sampling methods for establishing pest populations are discussed and methods have been discussed to use indirect sampling method under IPM programme in sericulture. The use of pheromone lures and traps forms one of the important ingredients of integrated pest management, which calls for integration of all available methods in a cost effective and environmental friendly manner offering consistent efficacy. Silk-worms feed on the variety of silk host plants and spin cocoons. Each silk host plant is attacked in the field by number of insect pest species. Several pests are common to mulberry, tasar, oak tasar, muga and eri host plant but pest status and seasonal abundance differs from each crop. The key pests are serious perennially occurring persistent species which cause considerable yield loss every year on large areas and require control measure. Regular occurrence of minor pest is noticed but sudden increase in its population is not known. The occasional pests are sporadic but potential causing sufficient damage. Silk losses due to attack of all the pests have not been calculated. However, information on pest biology and ecology, and control practices being practiced is available but the period of outbreak of major pests and predators on silkworms and its host plant needs to be reinvestigated. Pest and predators forecasting based on surveillance information may provide an opportunity to minimize the losses, particularly to reduce expenditure involved in pest management.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.1323-1336
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• 2015

Let S be a semigroup with 0 and R be a ring with 1. We extend the definition of the zero-divisor graphs of commutative semigroups to not necessarily commutative semigroups. We define an annihilating-ideal graph of a ring as a special type of zero-divisor graph of a semigroup. We introduce two ways to define the zero-divisor graphs of semigroups. The first definition gives a directed graph ${\Gamma}$(S), and the other definition yields an undirected graph ${\overline{\Gamma}}$(S). It is shown that ${\Gamma}$(S) is not necessarily connected, but ${\overline{\Gamma}}$(S) is always connected and diam$({\overline{\Gamma}}(S)){\leq}3$. For a ring R define a directed graph ${\mathbb{APOG}}(R)$ to be equal to ${\Gamma}({\mathbb{IPO}}(R))$, where ${\mathbb{IPO}}(R)$ is a semigroup consisting of all products of two one-sided ideals of R, and define an undirected graph ${\overline{\mathbb{APOG}}}(R)$ to be equal to ${\overline{\Gamma}}({\mathbb{IPO}}(R))$. We show that R is an Artinian (resp., Noetherian) ring if and only if ${\mathbb{APOG}}(R)$ has DCC (resp., ACC) on some special subset of its vertices. Also, it is shown that ${\overline{\mathbb{APOG}}}(R)$ is a complete graph if and only if either $(D(R))^2=0,R$ is a direct product of two division rings, or R is a local ring with maximal ideal m such that ${\mathbb{IPO}}(R)=\{0,m,m^2,R\}$. Finally, we investigate the diameter and the girth of square matrix rings over commutative rings $M_{n{\times}n}(R)$ where $n{\geq} 2$.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.469-473
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• 2013

Let G = (V, E) be a graph and k be a positive integer. A $k$-dominating set of G is a subset $S{\subseteq}V$ such that each vertex in $V{\backslash}S$ has at least $k$ neighbors in S. A Roman $k$-dominating function on G is a function $f$ : V ${\rightarrow}$ {0, 1, 2} such that every vertex ${\upsilon}$ with $f({\upsilon})$ = 0 is adjacent to at least $k$ vertices ${\upsilon}_1$, ${\upsilon}_2$, ${\ldots}$, ${\upsilon}_k$ with $f({\upsilon}_i)$ = 2 for $i$ = 1, 2, ${\ldots}$, $k$. In the paper titled "Roman $k$-domination in graphs" (J. Korean Math. Soc. 46 (2009), no. 6, 1309-1318) K. Kammerling and L. Volkmann showed that for any graph G with $n$ vertices, ${{\gamma}_{kR}}(G)+{{\gamma}_{kR}(\bar{G})}{\geq}$ min $\{2n,4k+1\}$, and the equality holds if and only if $n{\leq}2k$ or $k{\geq}2$ and $n=2k+1$ or $k=1$ and G or $\bar{G}$ has a vertex of degree $n$ - 1 and its complement has a vertex of degree $n$ - 2. In this paper we find a counterexample of Kammerling and Volkmann's result and then give a correction to the result.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2008

Talniflumate is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which has been used treat of rheumatoid diseases, is insoluble in water, therefore it has low bioavailability after oral administration. The purposes of this study were to prepare O/W or W/O microemulsions for solubilization of poorly water soluble drug, talniflumate and to formulate into other dosage form. For this purpose, we made O/W or W/O microemulsion with oil(soybean oil, IPM), surfactant (Cremophor $EL^{(R)}$, Tween 80) and water or propylene glycol and evaluated solubility of talniflumate. The microemulsion systems were very stable and showed transmittance above 95% without flocculation or aggregation. Especially, the solubility of talniflumate in the formulation B-1 containing 18% of isopropyl myristate and 71% of tween 80 was 10 times higher than that of other O/W microemulsions. The addition of propylene glycol and N-methylglutamine to the fomulation B-1 showed excellent capacity on the solubilization of talniflumate and the percentage was almost 2.0%. These results suggest that the microemulsion system may be promising for the solubility improvement of talniflumate.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2016

One major constraint in the development and implementation of a successful and cost-effective area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) programme with a SIT component for Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the ability to produce a large number of high quality mass-reared individuals. The aim of this study was to develop a more efficient and practical egg collection system in an attempt to improve the mass-rearing of this species. The following basic parameters were examined: egg production per female, egg hatch, pupal recovery, pupal weight, adult emergence and percentage of fliers. Three different strains (Israel wild-type, France wild-type, and Greece laboratory) were tested and each strain was evaluated for six generations. Female flies of the Israel strain produced significantly more eggs per female than the other two strains, but egg hatch was significantly lower. Egg hatch of the France wild type and the Greece laboratory strain was similar. For all other parameters, there was no significant difference between strains; however, there was a significant generational effect for all parameters observed. As a result of this study, a protocol was developed for the mass-rearing of this species that included the use of large adult holding cages that could house up to 96,000 flies per cage. The newly developed method of egg collection using a flat wax panel as one of the sides of an adult holding cage proved to be cost-effective, efficient, making colony growth easier for industrial mass-rearing.