• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.223-230
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• 1996

Five measurements of species diversity (richness index, diversity index, evenness index, dominance index and species sequences-importance curve) and their relationships with sltitude, tree age and community type were studied in $T\v{o}gyusan$ National Park, Korea. Altitude and tree age were the major variables explaining the differences of species diversity in the whole forest. Species richness index, diversity index and evenness index of Quercus mongolica and Pinus densiflora communities were lower than those of Carpinus laxiflora, Q. serrata, Fraxinus mandshurica, Q. mongolica - P. densiflora communities than that in the other communities. The species sequence-importance curve of the forest communities in $T\v{o}gyusan$ coincided with the ideal curve calculated by the lognormal-distribution theory.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.61-74
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• 2021

Let G = (V, E) be a connected graph. The eccentric connectivity index of G is defined by ��C (G) = ∑u∈V (G) deg(u)e(u), where deg(u) and e(u) denote the degree and eccentricity of the vertex u in G, respectively. In this paper, we introduce a new formulation of ��C that will be called the distance eccentric connectivity index of G and defined by $${\xi}^{De}(G)\;=\;{\sum\limits_{u{\in}V(G)}}\;deg^{De}(u)e(u)$$ where degDe(u) denotes the distance eccentricity degree of the vertex u in G. The aim of this paper is to introduce and study this new topological index. The values of the eccentric connectivity index is calculated for some fundamental graph classes and also for some graph operations. Some inequalities giving upper and lower bounds for this index are obtained.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.205-225
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• 2022

In this paper, we derive analytical closed results for the first (a, b)-KA index, the Sombor index, the modified Sombor index, the first reduced (a, b)-KA index, the reduced Sombor index, the reduced modified Sombor index, the second reduced (a, b)-KA index and the mean Sombor index mSO_α for the OTIS biswapped networks by considering basis graphs as path, wheel graph, complete bipartite graph and r-regular graphs. Network theory plays a significant role in electronic and electrical engineering, such as signal processing, networking, communication theory, and so on. A topological index (TI) is a real number associated with graph networks that correlates chemical networks with a variety of physical and chemical properties as well as chemical reactivity. The Optical Transpose Interconnection System (OTIS) network has recently received increased interest due to its potential uses in parallel and distributed systems.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.1112-1117
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• 2005

Construction cost index is generally used to estimate the new project cost based on past construction data and to adjust contract cost when the price change of various articles and items of expenditure composing the contract occurs. In Korea, it is mostly used for adjustment of construction contract cost due to fluctuation of prices. However index adjustment rate which is used for adjustment of construction contract cost had some problems in calculating cost index of each expenditure item that could not reflect properly the change of construction cost. For supplementing these problems, the research of developing construction cost index has been executed. Through the precedent research, these problems were partially resolved but still remain. Therefore this research proposes method of making cost index that utilizes representative items of labor, material, and equipment by analyzing bill of quantity of road construction, through analysis and comparison of precedent study. By using this method, it is expected to solve problems which were not reflected in precedent studies.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.229-241
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• 2004

Process capability index is used to determine whether a production process is capable of producing items within a specified tolerance. The index $C_{pmk}$ is the third generation process capability index. This index is more powerful than two useful indices $C_p$ and $C_{pk}$. Whether a process distribution is clearly normal or nonnormal, there may be some questions as to which any process index is valid or should even be calculated. As far as we know, yet there is no result for statistical inference with process capability index $C_{pmk}$. However, asymptotic method and bootstrap could be studied for good statistical inference. In this paper, we propose various bootstrap confidence limits for our process capability Index $C_{pmk}$. First, we derive bootstrap asymptotic distribution of plug-in estimator $C_{pmk}$ of our capability index $C_{pmk}$. And then we construct various bootstrap confidence limits of our capability index $C_{pmk}$ for more useful process capability analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.547-555
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• 2015

The vegetation index is a crucial parameter in many biophysical studies of vegetation, and is also a valuable content in ecological processes researching. The OVIs (Optical Vegetation Index) that of using multispectral and hyperspectral data have been widely investigated in the literature, while the RVI (Radar Vegetation Index) that of considering volume scattering measurement has been paid relatively little attention. Also, there was only some efforts have been put to fuse the OVI with the RVI as an integrated vegetation index. To address this issue, this paper presents a novel FVI (Fusion Vegetation Index) that uses multispectral and full-PolSAR (Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar) data. By fusing a NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) of RapidEye and an RVI of C-band Radarsat-2, we demonstrated that the proposed FVI has higher separability in different vegetation types than only with OVI and RVI. Also, the experimental results show that the proposed index not only has information on the vegetation greenness of the NDVI, but also has information on the canopy structure of the RVI. Based on this preliminary result, since the vegetation monitoring is more detailed, it could be possible in various application fields; this synergistic FVI will be further developed in the future.

• Survey Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.19-32
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• 2010

This paper discusses how we developed an index for measuring problem gambling severity and determined the cutoff score for identifying addicts. This index uses fewer items than the current index and will be particularly useful for telephone surveys. We selected four items among the nine Korean Problem Gambling Severity Index (K-PGSI) items based on our statistical analysis of a survey of 501 gamblers. We applied this four-item index to a survey of 1,584 adults. The analysis of this survey proved the validity of the reduced index. The sensitivity and specificity of this index was 1.00 and 0.99 respectively, showing again the usefulness of this scale.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.37-52
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• 2012

This research has set up the fire fighting general index for Fire fighting of Crowded Wooden Building Cultural Asset which is composed of traditional wooden building instinct or complex. The results of this study are as follows. First, Fire fighting general index for crowded wooden building cultural asset, it is necessary to set fire fighting priority by considering fire risk and cultural asset characteristic and establish the system to cope with fire disaster in the most effective way by arranging facilities with restricted resource. Second, Fire risk is the index to draw fire and spread risk of cultural asset by applying index calculation processes such as fire load, burning velocity and ignition material spread characteristic to various aspects such as individual building and complex and combining their results. Cultural asset importance index consists of individual building evaluation, publicity security degree, area importance evaluation and historical landscape degree evaluation. Third, for each index combination process, weight of each index is drawn on the basis of AHP analysis result that is performed to the specialists of related fields. The formula to apply and combine it is prepared to apply the model to include meaning of each index and comparative importance degree.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.75-83
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• 2014

Purpose - The oil price affects company value, which is the present value of the expected cash flow, by affecting the discount rate and cash flow. This study examines the nonlinear relationships between oil price and stock price using the AlphaShares Chinese Volatility Index as the threshold. Research design, data, and methodology - Data comprise daily closing values of the Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite Index, Shenzhen Stock Exchange Composite Index, and Hang Seng Index of ChinaWest Texas Intermediate crude oil spot price and AlphaShares Chinese Volatility Index from May 25, 2007 to May 24, 2012. The Threshold Error Correction Model is used. Results - The results demonstrate different relationships between the stock price index and oil price under different investor sentiments; however, the stock price index and oil price could adjust to a long-term equilibrium the long-term causality tests between them were all significant. Conclusions - The relationship between the WTI and HANG SENG Index is more significant than the Shanghai Composites Index and Shenzhen Composite Index, when using the AlphaShares Chinese Volatility Index (ASC-VIX) as the investor sentiment variable and threshold.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.2027-2041
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a novel reversible data hiding scheme in the index tables of the vector quantization (VQ) compressed images based on index set construction strategy. On the sender side, three index sets are constructed, in which the first set and the second set include the indices with greater and less occurrence numbers in the given VQ index table, respectively. The index values in the index table belonging to the second set are added with prefixes from the third set to eliminate the collision with the two derived mapping sets of the first set, and this operation of adding prefixes has data hiding capability additionally. The main data embedding procedure can be achieved easily by mapping the index values in the first set to the corresponding values in the two derived mapping sets. The same three index sets reconstructed on the receiver side ensure the correctness of secret data extraction and the lossless recovery of index table. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.