• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.24
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• pp.17-36
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• 2020

This paper describes the consevation treatment of eleven bigyeokjincheolloe bomb shells that were excavated from the Joseon-period local government office and fortress of Mujang-hyeon (present-day Mujang-myeon) in Gochang in 2018. It also provides information on the production method of the shells revealed through CT scanning, gamma-ray transmission imaging, and metallographic analysis. In preparation for the special exhibition "Bigyeokjincheolloe" at the Jinju National Museum in 2019 (July 16 to August 25), contaminants were removed from the shells and their surface was reinforced during the first phase of conservation treatment. Furthermore, the closures for the shells were identified for the first time. Regarding the production of the shells, the CT scanning and gamma-ray transmission imaging identified many blowholes in the interior of the body and the use of a chaplet on the side of one shell. The side of the body proved to be relatively thinner than the top and bottom. The traces of a hole for pouring molten metal into the center of the bottom indicates that molten metal was indeed emptied into the inverted body. In the metallographic analysis of two of the bodies and one lid, cementite and pearlite structures were identified on the body, indicating that it was made by casting. The presence of the ferrite structure with a partial distribution of the pearlite along with non-metallic inclusion in the lid suggested that the lid was made by forging.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.430-444
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• 2021

Purpose: This study is an integrated literature review to analyze health problems and social determinants of multicultural adolescents in South Korea. Methods: An integrative review was conducted according to Whittemore & Knafl's guideline. An electronic search that included publications from 2018 to 2020 in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, RISS, and KISS databases was conducted. Of a total of 67 records that were identified, 13 finally met full inclusion criteria. Text network analysis was also conducted to identify keywords network trends using NetMiner program. Results: The health problems of multicultural adolescents were classified into mental health (depression, anxiety, suicide and acculturative stress) and health risk behaviors (smoking, risky drinking, smartphone dependence and sexual behavior). As social determinants affecting the health of multicultural adolescents, the biological factors such as gender, age, and visible minority, and the psychological factors such as acculturative stress, self-esteem, family support, and ego-resiliency were identified. The sociocultural factors were identified as family economic status, residential area, parental education level, and parents' country of birth. As a result of text network analysis, a total of 41 words were identified. Conclusion: Based on these results, mental health and health risk behaviors should be considered as interventions for health promotion of multicultural adolescents. Our findings suggest that further research should be conducted to broaden the scope of health determinants to account for the effects of the physical environment and health care system.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.171-181
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• 2022

The Geochang Au-Ag deposit is located within the Yeongnam Massif. Within the area a number of hydrothermal quartz and calcite veins were formed by narrow open-space filling of parallel and subparallel fractures in the granitic gneiss and/or gneissic granite. Mineral paragenesis can be divided into two stages (stage I, ore-bearing quartz vein; stage II, barren calcite vein) by major tectonic fracturing. Stage I, at which the precipitation of major ore minerals occurred, is further divided into three substages (early, middle and late) with paragenetic time based on minor fractures and discernible mineral assemblages: early, marked by deposition of pyrite with minor pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite; middle, characterized by introduction of electrum and base-metal sulfides with minor sulfosalts; late, marked by hematite with base-metal sulfides. Fluid inclusion data show that stage I ore mineralization was deposited between initial high temperatures (≥380℃ ) and later lower temperatures (≤210℃ ) from H₂O-CO₂-NaCl fluids with salinities between 7.0 to 0.7 equiv. wt. % NaCl of Geochang hydrothermal system. The relationship between salinity and homogenization temperature indicates a complex history of boiling, fluid unmixing (CO₂ effervescence), cooling and dilution via influx of cooler, more dilute meteoric waters over the temperature range ≥380℃ to ≤210℃. Changes in stage I vein mineralogy reflect decreasing temperature and fugacity of sulfur by evolution of the Geochang hydrothermal system with increasing paragenetic time. The Geochang deposit may represents a mesothermal gold-silver deposit.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.541-548
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• 2021

Recently, multispectral cameras are being actively utilized in various application fields such as agriculture, forest management, coastal environment monitoring, and so on, particularly onboard UAV's. Resultant multispectral images are typically georeferenced primarily based on the onboard GPS (Global Positioning System) and IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit)or accurate positional information of the pixels, or could be integrated with ground control points that are directly measured on the ground. However, due to the high cost of establishing GCP's prior to the georeferencing or for inaccessible areas, it is often required to derive the positions without such reference information. This study aims to provide a means to improve the georeferencing performance of a multispectral camera images without involving such ground reference points, but instead with the simultaneously onboard high resolution RGB camera. The exterior orientation parameters of the drone camera are first estimated through the bundle adjustment, and compared with the reference values derived with the GCP's. The results showed that the incorporation of the images from a high resolution RGB camera greatly improved both the exterior orientation estimation and the georeferencing of the multispectral camera. Additionally, an evaluation performed on the direction estimation from a ground point to the sensor showed that inclusion of RGB images can reduce the angle errors more by one order.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.184-195
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• 2022

Objective: In this study we aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary live yeast supplementation on ruminal pH pattern, fermentation characteristics and associated bacteria in beef cattle. Methods: This work comprised of in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro fermentation was conducted by incubating 0%, 0.05%, 0.075%, 0.1%, 0.125%, and 0.15% active dried yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ADY) with total mixed ration substrate to determine its dose effect. According to in vitro results, 0.1% ADY inclusion level was assigned in in vivo study for continuously monitoring ruminal fermentation characteristics and microbes. Six ruminally cannulated steers were randomly assigned to 2 treatments (Control and ADY supplementation) as two-period crossover design (30-day). Blood samples were harvested before-feeding and rumen fluid was sampled at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 h post-feeding on 30 d. Results: After 24 h in vitro fermentation, pH and gas production were increased at 0.1% ADY where ammonia nitrogen and microbial crude protein also displayed lowest and peak values, respectively. Acetate, butyrate and total volatile fatty acids concentrations heightened with increasing ADY doses and plateaued at high levels, while acetate to propionate ratio was decreased accordingly. In in vivo study, ruminal pH was increased with ADY supplementation that also elevated acetate and propionate. Conversely, ADY reduced lactate level by dampening Streptococcus bovis and inducing greater Selenomonas ruminantium and Megasphaera elsdenii populations involved in lactate utilization. The serum urea nitrogen decreased, whereas glucose, albumin and total protein concentrations were increased with ADY supplementation. Conclusion: The results demonstrated dietary ADY improved ruminal fermentation dose-dependently. The ruminal lactate reduction through modification of lactate metabolic bacteria could be an important reason for rumen pH stabilization induced by ADY. ADY supplementation offered a complementary probiotics strategy in improving gluconeogenesis and nitrogen metabolism of beef cattle, potentially resulted from optimized rumen pH and fermentation.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.13-27
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• 2022

Objectives This study investigated the trends in domestic and international clinical research in craniosacral therapy, classified as a type of Chuna manual therapy, and suggested further directions in Korean medicine. Methods This scoping review was performed using the Arksey and O'Malley methodological framework and preferred reporting items as per the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews checklist. Eight electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Koreanstudies Information Service System [KISS], KMBASE, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System [OASIS], Research Information Sharing Service [RISS], ScienceON) were searched to identify articles with the search terms "craniosacral therapy" and "cranial osteopathy" until December 2021. Results Forty-five studies were eligible as per our inclusion criteria. Most research studies (n=44) were conducted in the field of medicine and pharmacy, especially in rehabilitation medicine (n=16). As a result of the study design, randomized controlled trials (n=20) were the most common, and chronic pain (n=9) was the most frequently targeted disease, followed by headache (n=7). Thirty-two studies suggested interventions and 20 studies used Upledger's 10-step protocol. The average duration of craniosacral therapy was 41 min per session, administered 1.4 times per week. Outcome measurements were analyzed and categorized with the examination procedure for the patient. Conclusions This is the first scoping review of craniosacral therapy in Korea, and we believe that our findings could support its utility as Chuna. In the future, more studies should be conducted to establish the evidence of clinical efficacy of craniosacral therapy and develop standard techniques in Korean medicine.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.273-282
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• 2022

Testing approaches for configurable software product lines differs significantly from a single software testing, as it requires consideration of common parts used by all member products of a product line and variable parts shared by some or a single product. Test coverage is a measure of the adequacy of testing performed. Test coverage measurements are important to evaluate the adequacy of testing at the software product line level, as there can be hundreds of member products produced from configurable software product lines. This paper proposes a method for measuring code coverage at the product line level in configurable software product lines. The proposed method tests the member products of a product line after hierarchizing member products based on the inclusion relationship of the selected features, and quantifies SPL(Software Product Line) test coverage by synthesizing the test coverage of each product. As a result of applying the proposed method to 11 configurable software product line cases, we confirmed that the proposed method could quantitatively visualize how thoroughly the SPL testing was performed to help verify the adequacy of the SPL testing. In addition, we could check whether the newly performed testing for a member product covers the newly added code parts of a feature.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.73-84
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• 2020

South Korea's newly branded musical industry 'K-Musical' is currently booming. The growth of K-Musical can be attributed to the popularity of other industries in the Korean wave, namely K-Pop and Korean dramas. With the inclusion of K-Musicals into the Korean wave, it is beginning to standout on its own as a cultural brand. In the first half of 2012, the popularity of K-Musicals grew 24%, higher than any other performance industry. Moreover, this industry grew 20% in the latter half of 2012 and grew to 300 billion won in 2013. One reason for this growth can be attributed to the increased output of musicals of Korean origin in large-scale theatres dedicated solely to musicals. This has became to necessary foundation for the export of korean musicals abroad. Now is a critical time for Korean musicals to expand to other countries in order to become the hub of Asia for musical industries. 2012 and 2013 saw the greatest increase in the export of musicals to Japan and China. The musical sales in 2018 totaled 257.1 billion won, an increase of 29% over the previous year. Therefore, understanding the importance of these two markets is pivotal in the continued sustainable growth of K-Musicals. This paper seeks to highlights the importance of becoming the canter of Asia musicals and to offer strategies to lead Korea's musical industry toward this goal.

• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.257-267
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify the effectiveness of self-management programs and the measurement used for elderly people with chronic illness living in the community. Databases used for study search were Google Scholar, RISS, and Dbpia. And research questions were selected based on the PICO framework. We searched the study published from January 2010 to September 2019 and selected the final six studies by applying inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. As a result, the selected study had qualitative level of Level 1-2. In general characteristics of the program, nurses conducted the most programs, and the program was operated for 50 elderly people or less. In addition, the program was conducted mainly in public health centers, senior centers. The subjects were the most studies for chronic patients with hypertension. The dependent variables of the program covered the cognitive domains in all the studies, and many of the studies measured the physical domains as the dependent variables. The results of this study provide the effectiveness of self-management intervention for the elderly with chronic diseases living in the community, and highlight the need for the development of programs for chronic diseases in the community. In addition, this study suggests measuring tools related to various cognitive, physical, mental, social and quality of life of the elderly, and suggests the necessity of multidisciplinary research.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.260-271
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• 2022

Objective: We aimed to investigate the effect of the differing amino acid (AA) release dynamics of two protein sources on the growth performance, nitrogen deposition, plasma biochemical parameters, and muscle synthesis and degradation of piglets when included in their diets at normal and low concentrations. Methods: Forty-eight piglets (Duroc×Landrace×Large White) with initial body weight of 7.45±0.58 kg were assigned to six groups and fed one of 6 diets. The 6 dietary treatments were arranged by 3×2 factorial with 3 protein sources and 2 dietary protein levels. They are NCAS (a normal protein content with casein), NBlend (a normal protein content with blend of casein and corn gluten meal), NCGM (a normal protein content with corn gluten meal), LCAS (a low protein content with casein), LBlend (a low protein content with blend of casein and corn gluten meal), LCGM (a low protein content with corn gluten meal). The release dynamics of AA in these diets were determined by in vitro digestion. The digestibility, utilization and biological value of nitrogen in piglets were determined by micro Kjeldahl method. Plasma insulin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The protein expression of mediators of muscle synthesis and degradation was determined by western blotting. Results: Although the consumption of a low-protein diet supplemented with crystalline AA was associated with greater nitrogen digestion and utilization (p<0.05), the final body weight, growth performance, nitrogen deposition, and phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 and eIF4E binding protein 1 in the muscle of pigs in the low-protein diet-fed groups were lower than those of the normal-protein diet-fed groups (p<0.05) because of the absence of non-essential AA. Because of the more balanced release of AA, the casein (CAS) and Blend-fed groups showed superior growth performance, final body weight and nitrogen deposition, and lower expression of muscle ring finger 1 and muscle atrophy F-box than the CGM-fed groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that the balanced release of AA from CAS containing diets and mixed diets could reduce muscle degradation, favor nitrogen retention, % intake and improve growth performance in pigs consuming either a normal- or low-protein diet.