• 제목/요약/키워드: IMa2

검색결과 77건 처리시간 0.044초

토끼 내유동맥의 심근이식에서 혈관재형성 촉진에 대한 혈소판 유래 성장인자의 효과 (The Effect of Platelet Derived Growth Factor on the Myocardial Revascularization in Implantation of Rabbit Internal Mammary Artery)

  • 김용환;나석주;정상훈;문석환;조건현;왕영필;김세화;곽문섭
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제33권4호
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    • pp.277-284
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    • 2000
  • Background: Coronary artery bypases grafting in the old aged is associated with high mortality and morbidity, and it is difficult to perform if the coronary artery is diffusely disease. Recently it has been known that platelet derived growth factor(PDGF), especially PDGF-BB, stimulates angiogenesis. Material and Method: New Zealand white rabbit were used. In an attempt to achieve effevtive cardiac revasculatrization without vascular anastmosis, we divided into three groups(group I : Left anterior descending artery(LAD) was occluded by ligature, group II : Bilateral internal mammary vascular pedicles were dissected and implanted into myocardium, group III : The vascular pedicles were implanted into myocardium and PDGF-BB was injected into the myocardial tissue). Two weeks after IMA implantation, the proximal region of implanted LAD was ligated. Four days after LAD ligation angiogram, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride(TTD) staining and hematoxylin eosin staining were performed. Result: 1. Survival rate in group II was significantly higher than that in group I (P<0.05), and survival rate in group III was signficantly higher than that in group II(53% vs 93%, P<0.01). 2. There were significant differences in the ratio of area of necrosis to area at risk between group I and group II, and between group II and group III (P<0.01). 3. Microangiogram for angiogenic response revealed wide area of extensive revascularization with patent vessels in group III. 4. Histologic findings of three groups showed that polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration was minimal in group II and none in group III. Conclusion: PDGF-BB can establish functinal cardiac revasculatization through systemic vessels implanted directly into the myocardium.

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현대패션에 표현된 한국복식의 전통미 - 1980년대 이후 한국디자이너 작품을 중심으로 - (A Study on Beauty of Traditional Dress Expressed in Korean Fashion Design)

  • 최세완;김민자
    • 한국의류학회지
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.103-117
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    • 1993
  • The purpose of this study is to clarify the adaptation of beauty of traditional dress depicted contemporary Korean fashion design. For this purpose, the external form and the internal meaning based on 'the double roots' proposed by W$\ddot{o}$lfflin were analyzed in Korean traditional dress. Documentary studies and objective studies were done with descriptive and content analytic methods. And homospatial process was devised in order to develop the traditional identity in contemporary fashion design. The results were as follows: 1. As the external form, H. O. A silhouette, chogori, ch'ima, paji, and po concerning internal type, kaftan, flat form related to structured type were represented. Traditional color sense were love of white, contrasting as well as analogous color harmony shown often in nature phenomena, and temperate achromatic color harmony. Texture were characterized as rough and coarse expressing vividness, fine and smooth expressing delicateness and tenderness. As the internal meaning, the beauty of purity related to nature, tragedy, and symbolism were represented. 2. Since 1980's. Korean fashion designers frequently applied unstructural kaftan form and H silhouette to Korean fashion design, and sought natural and pliable line in whole dress. Use of white and achromatic color harmony as well as use of linnen were prominent. Designers' aesthetic consciousness was pursuit of the beauty of nature. Representative designers who concentrated on expressing traditional beauty were Lee Shinwoo, Sul Yoonhyung, Jin Taiok and others. 3. A homospatial process could be a method in the creative design which enables to express Korean identity in fashion design, and could suggest ideas of new designs full of Korean identity by superimposed and fused imaginery.

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켄터키블루그래스 포장에 침입한 크리핑벤트그래스의 제초제를 이용한 방제와 회복 (Effects of Several Herbicides on Control of Creeping Bentgrass in the Kentucky Bluegrass and Its Recovery)

  • 김영선;조갑준;이효순;강영남;임혜정;이규승
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • 제2권4호
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    • pp.395-401
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    • 2013
  • 본 연구는 켄터키블루그래스 내에 발생한 크리핑벤트그래스를 방제하기 위하여 제초제를 선발하고, 그 피해 지역에 켄터키블루그래스의 샌드인젝션파종에 의한 회복방법을 개발하기 위해 수행되었다. 약제선발시험에 이용된 제초제는 메코프로프액제(mecoprop; MCPP), 트리클로로 피르티이에이액제(triclopyr-TEA; Tri-T), 이마자퀸액제(imazaquin; Ima), 벤타존액제(bentazone; Ben) 및 페녹슐람 피라조설퓨론에틸입상수화제(penoxsulam pyrazosulfuronethyl; PPE)와 같은 선택성제초제와 글리포세이트액제(glyphosate; Gly), 파라콰트디클로라이드액제(paraquat dichloride; Pad) 및 글리포세이트암모늄 옥시플루오르펜입 상수화제(glyphosate ammonium oxyflorfen; GAO)와 같은 비선택성제초제를 이용하였다. 엽색지수와 엽록소지수 및 방제 효과를 통해 크리핑벤트그래스의 방제에 효과적인 선택성제초제는 Tri-T 배량(2Tri-T)처리이었으며, 비선택성 제초제 중에서는 GAO 1/5량(1/5GAO)이 우수하였다. 크리핑벤트그래스가 침입한 켄터키블루그래스 포장에서 2Tri-T와 1/5GAO의 방제효과는 각각 6.0과 7.4로 우수하였다. 방제지역에 켄터키블루그래스를 샌드인젝션을 통해 파종 후 약 30일 후에는 약 $70{\pm}3%$ 정도의 피복율을 보였고, 50일 후에는 대조구와 비슷하게 회복되었다.

SLURP 모형을 이용한 기후, 식생, 토지이용변화가 농업용 저수지 유역과 하천유역에 미치는 기여도 평가(II) - 모형의 검·보정 및 적용 - (Assessment of the Contribution of Weather, Vegetation and Land Use Change for Agricultural Reservoir and Stream Watershed using the SLURP model (II) - Calibration, Validation and Application of the Model -)

  • 박근애;안소라;박민지;김성준
    • 대한토목학회논문집
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    • 제30권2B호
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    • pp.121-135
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구에서는 연구(I)에서 구축한 고도, 기상, 토지이용, 토양, 식생과 같은 기본 입력자료와 공도 수위관측소 상류유역을 대상으로 유역내에 포함되어 있는 농업용 저수지인 고삼과 금광저수지의 저수위, 저수량, 내용적 곡선 자료들을 이용하여 SLURP 모형의 물리적 매개변수들과 저수지의 방류량을 조정하여 저수지의 저수위와 유역 유출량을 검 보정하였다. 한편, 연구(I)에서의 편이보정과 CF 다운스케일기법에 의한 CCCma CGCM2 A2, B2 시나리오의 미래 기후자료, 개선된 CA-Markov 기법에 의한 미래 토지이용자료, 월 NDVI와 평균온도와의 선형회귀식에 의한 미래 식생자료 등을 모형에 입력하여 미래 기후변화에 따른 저수지 저수량과 유입량에 미치는 영향을 평가하고 전체적인 유역 수문(증발산량, 토양수분, 지하수충진량, 유출량)의 변화를 평가하였다. 저수지의 미래 저수량과 유입량은 가을시기에 크게 감소하는 것으로 평가되었고, 유역의 미래 연유출량, 토양수분, 지하수충진량은 다소 감소하고, 증발산량은 크게 증가하는 것으로 전망되었다. 마지막으로, 미래 기후변화, 토지이용변화와 식생변화 중 어떠한 요소가 미래의 농업용 저수지의 유입량, 저수량 및 하천유역의 수문에 큰 영향을 미치는 지를 평가하기 위해 각 요소의 기여도를 분석한 결과, 기후변화가 가장 크게 기여하는 것으로 평가되었다.

Brain SPECT 영상의 Attenuation Correction 방법들에 대한 비교 (Comparison of Attenuation Correction Methods for Brain SPECT Ima)

  • 조진우;김창호;나수경;이귀원
    • 핵의학기술
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.120-125
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    • 2012
  • 이 연구의 목적은 Brain SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography)의 Non-attenuation correction (AC-non) 영상에 대한 attenuation correction(AC) 방법 중 Chang's method와 CT based attenuation correction(AC-CT) 사이의 count를 비교하기 위함이다. phantom study는 증류수로 채워진 hoffman 3D phantom에 $^{99m}Tc$ 37Mbq을 투여하였고, patient study는 normal volunteer에 $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO 750Mbq를 정맥주입하고 Siemens사의 Symbia T6로 Brain SPECT 영상을 획득하였고 뇌 정량 분석을 하였다. 각각의 방법들을 적용한 transverse image는 같은 위치에서 재구성 되었으며 각각 10, 20, 30번째 slice에서 6개의 region of interest(ROI)를 그려 AC-non 과 AC-CT 그리고 Chang's method의 count를 비교하였다. phantom study에서 AC-non, AC-CT, Chang's method의 각각 평균 count는 $4606.8{\pm}511.3$, $16794.6{\pm}2429.4$, $8752.6{\pm}896.5$이었으며 patient study에서 $5460.8{\pm}519.6$, $15320{\pm}1171.6$, $12795{\pm}1422.1$이었다. phantom study에서 AC-CT와 AC-non 사이의 비는 3.70이고 Chang's method와 AC-non 사이의 비는 1.92였으며 patient study에서는 각각 2.85, 2.38이었다. 우리는 이 연구를 통하여 AC-CT가 Chang's method보다 더 높은 AC을 해준다는 걸 알 수 있었다. 그리고 Chang's method는 patient study에서의 AC 값이 phantom study에서의 AC값보다 더 높다는 것을 알 수 있었다. brain SPECT/CT를 시행하는 경우 scatter correction을 같이 시행하고 bone에 의한 감쇠 정보를 반영할 수 있는 AC-CT가 chang's method보다 정확하다 할 수 있겠다.

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관상동맥우회술의 조기 성적에 대한 임상적 고찰 (Clinical Analysis to the Early Results of the CABG)

  • 김대식;양진영;구원모;문승철;이건;이헌재;임창영
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제31권11호
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    • pp.1043-1048
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    • 1998
  • 연구배경 : 허혈성심질환 환자가 증가함에 따라 저자들은 관상동맥우회술을 시행한 환자의 치료 및 관리에 도움이 되고자 조기 성적 및 합병증 발생에 영향을 줄 수 있는 위험인자에 대하여 임상분석을 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 1996년 6월부터 1998년 2월까지 관상동맥우회술을 시행받은 환자 42명의 연령, 성별, 술전 심박구출률, Canadian heart classification, 허혈성심장질환의 위험 인자, 술전 관상동맥 조영술 소견, 내흉동맥 사용 유무, 이식 혈관 수, 체외순환시간 등과 합병증 발생과의 상관관계에 대하여 분석하였고 생존 및 사망률, 사망원인에 대하여 조사하였다. 결과 : 술후 합병증은 17명에서 발생하였다. 합병증이 발생한 군의 평균연령은 61$\pm$11.9세로 발생하지 않은 군의 평균 연령 51세$\pm$10.5에 비해 유의하게 높았다(p=0.004). 체외순환 시간은 합병증이 발생한 군은 198$\pm$42.5분, 발생하지 않은 군은 158$\pm$47.4분으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=0.008). 그 외의 인자들은 통계학상 유의한 차이가 없었다. 평균 추적 조사 기간은 12.5개월이었으며 수술사망을 제외한 모든 환자에서 생존이 확인되었다. 수술사망은 2명(4.7%)이었고 그 중 1명은 대동맥판막치환술을 같이 시행받았던 환자로 술후 다발성 장기 기능부전으로 사망했고 또 다른 1명은 술후 폐렴, 창상감염 및 패혈증으로 사망하였다. 결론 : 본 연구의 결과 환자의 연령과 체외순환시간이 관상동맥우회술후 합병증 발생에 위험인자로 작용하며, 그 외의 인자는 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다.

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서비스제공자와 사용자의 인식차이 분석을 통한 소셜커머스 핵심성공요인에 대한 연구: 한국의 티켓몬스터 중심으로 (A Study on the Critical Success Factors of Social Commerce through the Analysis of the Perception Gap between the Service Providers and the Users: Focused on Ticket Monster in Korea)

  • 김일중;이대철;임규건
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.211-232
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    • 2014
  • Recently, there is a growing interest toward social commerce using SNS(Social Networking Service), and the size of its market is also expanding due to popularization of smart phones, tablet PCs and other smart devices. Accordingly, various studies have been attempted but it is shown that most of the previous studies have been conducted from perspectives of the users. The purpose of this study is to derive user-centered CSF(Critical Success Factor) of social commerce from the previous studies and analyze the CSF perception gap between social commerce service providers and users. The CSF perception gap between two groups shows that there is a difference between ideal images the service providers hope for and the actual image the service users have on social commerce companies. This study provides effective improvement directions for social commerce companies by presenting current business problems and its solution plans. For this, This study selected Korea's representative social commerce business Ticket Monster, which is dominant in sales and staff size together with its excellent funding power through M&A by stock exchange with the US social commerce business Living Social with Amazon.com as a shareholder in August, 2011, as a target group of social commerce service provider. we have gathered questionnaires from both service providers and the users from October 22, 2012 until October 31, 2012 to conduct an empirical analysis. We surveyed 160 service providers of Ticket Monster We also surveyed 160 social commerce users who have experienced in using Ticket Monster service. Out of 320 surveys, 20 questionaries which were unfit or undependable were discarded. Consequently the remaining 300(service provider 150, user 150)were used for this empirical study. The statistics were analyzed using SPSS 12.0. Implications of the empirical analysis result of this study are as follows: First of all, There are order differences in the importance of social commerce CSF between two groups. While service providers regard Price Economic as the most important CSF influencing purchasing intention, the users regard 'Trust' as the most important CSF influencing purchasing intention. This means that the service providers have to utilize the unique strong point of social commerce which make the customers be trusted rathe than just focusing on selling product at a discounted price. It means that service Providers need to enhance effective communication skills by using SNS and play a vital role as a trusted adviser who provides curation services and explains the value of products through information filtering. Also, they need to pay attention to preventing consumer damages from deceptive and false advertising. service providers have to create the detailed reward system in case of a consumer damages caused by above problems. It can make strong ties with customers. Second, both service providers and users tend to consider that social commerce CSF influencing purchasing intention are Price Economic, Utility, Trust, and Word of Mouth Effect. Accordingly, it can be learned that users are expecting the benefit from the aspect of prices and economy when using social commerce, and service providers should be able to suggest the individualized discount benefit through diverse methods using social network service. Looking into it from the aspect of usefulness, service providers are required to get users to be cognizant of time-saving, efficiency, and convenience when they are using social commerce. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the usefulness of social commerce through the introduction of a new management strategy, such as intensification of search engine of the Website, facilitation in payment through shopping basket, and package distribution. Trust, as mentioned before, is the most important variable in consumers' mind, so it should definitely be managed for sustainable management. If the trust in social commerce should fall due to consumers' damage case due to false and puffery advertising forgeries, it could have a negative influence on the image of the social commerce industry in general. Instead of advertising with famous celebrities and using a bombastic amount of money on marketing expenses, the social commerce industry should be able to use the word of mouth effect between users by making use of the social network service, the major marketing method of initial social commerce. The word of mouth effect occurring from consumers' spontaneous self-marketer's duty performance can bring not only reduction effect in advertising cost to a service provider but it can also prepare the basis of discounted price suggestion to consumers; in this context, the word of mouth effect should be managed as the CSF of social commerce. Third, Trade safety was not derived as one of the CSF. Recently, with e-commerce like social commerce and Internet shopping increasing in a variety of methods, the importance of trade safety on the Internet also increases, but in this study result, trade safety wasn't evaluated as CSF of social commerce by both groups. This study judges that it's because both service provider groups and user group are perceiving that there is a reliable PG(Payment Gateway) which acts for e-payment of Internet transaction. Accordingly, it is understood that both two groups feel that social commerce can have a corporate identity by website and differentiation in products and services in sales, but don't feel a big difference by business in case of e-payment system. In other words, trade safety should be perceived as natural, basic universal service. Fourth, it's necessary that service providers should intensify the communication with users by making use of social network service which is the major marketing method of social commerce and should be able to use the word of mouth effect between users. The word of mouth effect occurring from consumers' spontaneous self- marketer's duty performance can bring not only reduction effect in advertising cost to a service provider but it can also prepare the basis of discounted price suggestion to consumers. in this context, it is judged that the word of mouth effect should be managed as CSF of social commerce. In this paper, the characteristics of social commerce are limited as five independent variables, however, if an additional study is proceeded with more various independent variables, more in-depth study results will be derived. In addition, this research targets social commerce service providers and the users, however, in the consideration of the fact that social commerce is a two-sided market, drawing CSF through an analysis of perception gap between social commerce service providers and its advertisement clients would be worth to be dealt with in a follow-up study.