• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2013

Vibrio parahaemolyticus in uncooked seafood causes acute gastroenteritis. The microorganism has two sets of type III secretion systems and two hemolysins. When it injects its effector proteins into a host cell via type III secretion system 1, one of the type III secretion systems induces secretion of interleukin (IL)-8, a proinflammatory chemokine, through the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK. Although probiotics have beneficial effects on hosts and can help control some infectious diseases, there is little research on the efficacy of probiotics in V. parahaemolyticus infection. Here we pretreated V. parahaemolyticus-infected human intestinal epithelial cells with heat-killed Lactobacillus brevis KB290, a probiotic isolated from fermented vegetables (traditional Japanese pickles) and utilized as an ingredient of beverages and supplementary foods, and demonstrated its efficacy in enhancing IL-8 secretion from V. parahaemolyticus-infected cells. Among the three heat-killed lactic acid bacterial strains we tested, L. brevis KB290 induced the highest level of IL-8 secretions in the infected cells. Relative to control cells (Caco-2 cells pretreated with PBS), V. parahaemolyticus-infected Caco-2 cells pretreated with heat-killed L. brevis KB290 secreted IL-8 earlier, although concentrations were similar 450min after infection. Heat-killed L. brevis KB290 pretreatment also induced earlier ERK 1/2 phosphorylation, greater p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and enhanced IL-8 mRNA expression. Heat-killed L. brevis KB290 accelerated IL-8 secretion, a host cell immune response, in V. parahaemolyticus-infected cells. We consider this to be beneficial because IL-8 plays an important defensive role against infection, and would contribute to the repair of injured epithelial cells.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.193-203
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 발거된 건전한 치아의 치수조직으로부터 배양된 치수조직을 SP 및 TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-${\alpha}$, 그리고 Spantide로 15분간 배양 후 SP로 36시간 자극하여 IL-8은 및 MCP-1의 분비량을 측정하였으며, 면역염색으로 IL-8의 분비를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 치수 조직을 SP (10$^{-4}$M)로 36시간 자극 시 모의 자극에 비해 IL-8이 현저히 증가하였으며 (p < 0.05), 면역 염색 결과 모의 자극 시에는 치수조직의 변연부에만, SP(10$^{-4}$M)로 36시간 자극시에는 flbroblast 주위로 IL-8의 발현이 관찰되었다. 2. TNF-${\alpha}$ (40 ng/ml)로 치수조직을 36시간 자극시 모의 자극에 비해 MCP-1이 증가하였으며, SP에서는 증가 를 보이지 않았으며 (p < 0.05), 면역 염색 결과 IL-8의 발현이 관찰되지 않았으며, 치수 조직의 변연부를 따라서 약한 IL-8의 발현이 관찰되었다. 3. Spantide (10$^{-5}$ M)는 SP (10$^{-4}$ M)로 치수 조직을 36시간 자극 시 IL-8의 분비를 억제하였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2012

개 말초혈액 다형핵백혈구(PMNs)의 유주활성에 대한 fucoidan의 면역증효과를 검토하였다. Fucoidan 그 자체는 PMNs에 대해 직접적인 유주활성 효과를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 recombinant IL-8에 대한 PMNs의 유주활성과 유사하게 fucoidan으로 배양한 말초혈액 단핵구세포(PBMCs)의 배양상층액은 PMNs에 대해 유주활성을 증가시켰다. 또한, fucoidan으로 배양한 PBMCs의 배양상층액에 대한 PMNs의 유주활성 증가효과는 anti-IL-8 pAb를 처리했을 때 억제되었다. PBMCs 배양 상층액 속의 IL-8의 양을 정량한 결과 fucoidan무처치 대조군에 비해 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로부터, fucoidan은 개 PMNs의 유주능에 대하여 면역증가 작용을 가지고 있으며, 이것은 fucoidan의 자극에 의해 PBMCs에서 생산되어 분비되는 IL-8에 의해 나타나는 것으로 사료되었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.207-219
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• 2004

Objectives : We investigated to find the relationship between single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of IL4R, IL-10 and bee venom therapy efficacy in patients with RA treated with bee venom for 8 weeks. Methods : Korean RA patients (n=114) and healthy subjects (n=109) were included in this prospective study. Korean bee venom was dissolved in saline (diluted 1:3000) and administrated into acupuncture points. Bee venom therapy was applied twice a week and continued for 8 weeks. The clinical response was evaluated using various assessments before and after treatment. Disease severity was measured by determining the number of tender joints and swollen joints. Laboratory studies included ESR, CRP, and rheumatoid factor. Genotyping for IL-4R and IL-10 polymorphism was done by pyrosequencing analysis. Results : 1. In IL4R genotypes, there was significant difference between RA ptitients tind controls group. 2. In IL4R genotypes, there was significant difference among Good, Mild and Bad responders to in RA patients, but in the frequency of alleles and carriers, there were no significant difference. 3. There was no significant difference between RA patients and controls group in IL-10 gene genotypes. 4. In IL-10 genotypes, there was no significant difference among Good, Mild and Bad responders to in RA patients. 5. There was no significant difference in the improvement of ESR, CRP and KHAQ scores after bee venom therapy in RA patients among the IL4R or IL-10 genotypes. Conclusions : In IL-4R genotypes, there was significant difference between RA patients and control group, and among Good, Mild and Bad responders in RA patients. However, in IL-10 genotypes, there was no significant difference between RA patients and controls group and among Good, Mild and Bad responders in RA patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.4403-4408
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• 2013

Background: Chronic inflammation is considered as an important factor in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. The presence of inflammatory cells and higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the tumor microenvironment and their surrounding tissues is gaining much importance in research. Materials and Methods: One hundred ninety NSCLC cases and 200 age, smoking and sex matched controls were evaluated for association of IL-8 -251 (rs4073) and IL-8 -845 (rs2227532) in our population. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used followed by direct sequencing for the detection of SNPs. Results: The IL-8 -845 polymorphism was not found in our population. No significant association was observed between the IL-8 -251 AT genotypes and IL-8 -25 AA genotypes and NSCLC (p=0.05) in our population. The IL-8 -251 A allele was also non-significant (p=0.05) in NSCLC patients. Conclusions: In conclusion, this report reveals lack of association between IL-8 - 251 A/T polymorphism and NSCLC in our Kashmir Valley population.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.645-654
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• 1999

Interleukin-6(IL-6) stimulate osteoclast differentiation. $17{\beta}$-estradiol, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$(1,25-$(OH)_2D_3$) and interleukin-$1{\beta}$ inhibit or stimulate osteoclast differentiation by decreasing or increasing the synthesis of interleukin-6(IL-6) from stromal/osteoblastic cells, respectively. Periodontal ligament(PDL) cells reside between the alveolar bone and the cementum and have osteoblastic characteristics. To estimate the effect of $17{\beta}$-estradiol and 1,25$(OH)_2D_3$ on IL-6 production of PDL cells, PDL cells were treated with $17{\beta}$-estradiol or 1,25-$(OH)_2D_3$ in the absence or the presence of IL-$1{\beta}$. The concentration of IL-6 produced form PDL cells was determined by enzym linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). In unstimulated PDL cells, we detected constitutive production of IL-6 at 1st and 2nd day. IL-$1{\beta}$ increased IL-6 synthesis at 1st day and 2nd day. $17{\beta}$-estradiol had no significant effect on the secretion of this cytokine, either constitutively or after stimulation with IL- $1{\beta}$(0.05 ng/ml). 1,25-$(OH)_2D_3$($10^{-8}M$) decreased not only constitutive IL-6 production but also IL-$1{\beta}$-induced IL-6 production at 2nd day. These results suggest that 1,25-$(OH)_2D_3$ may control IL-$1{\beta}$-induced osteoclast differentiation by decreasing IL-$1{\beta}$-induced IL-6 secretion of PDL cells.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2007

2002년 1월 1일부터 6월 30일까지 비재발성 또는 약한 재발성 마른기침을 주증상으로 영남대학교 의료원 소아과를 내원한 환아들 중 연구의 목적에 동의한 소아를 대상으로 이들에서의 케모카인 IFN-${\gamma}$-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), Macrophage cationic protein 1 and 3 (MCP-1, 3), Interleukin (IL)-8, RANTES, eotaxin 및 Gro-${\alpha}$의 발현 양상을 알아보았다. 1) 대상 환아는 모두 6명(남 3명, 여 3명)으로, 평균 연령은 73.2개월(34개월~122개월)이었다. 2) 케모카인 IP-10, MCP-3는 모든 환아에서, RANTES는 5명에서, IL-8은 3명에서 발현되었다. 3) Eotaxin, Gro-${\alpha}$ 및 MCP-1은 모든 환아에서 전혀 발현되지 않았다. 4) 추적 관찰에 응한 1례에서 회복기에 MCP-3, RANTES 및 IL-8 발현의 감소가 관찰되었다. 단순 기침 환아에서 케모카인 MCP-3, RANTES 및 IL-8 등이 매우 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 확인되었다. 향 후 이에 관한 더 많은 비교 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각한다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.203-207
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• 2010

This study investigated the effects of Oligonol intake on cortisol, interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 concentrations in the serum at rest and after physical exercise loading. Nineteen healthy sedentary male volunteers participated in this study. The physical characteristics of the subjects were: a mean height of $174.2{\pm}2.7$ cm, a mean weight of $74.8{\pm}3.6$ kg and a mean age of $22.8{\pm}1.3$ years. Each subject received 0.5 L water with Oligonol (100 mg/day) (n = 10) or a placebo (n = 9) daily for four weeks. The body composition, the white blood cell (WBC) and differential counts as well as the serum cortisol, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 concentrations were measured before and after Oligonol intake. The cortisol concentration and serum levels of IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 after Oligonol intake were significantly decreased compared to before treatment (P < 0.01, respectively). In addition, the rate of increase of these factors after exercise was decreased compared to the placebo group. There was no change in the WBC and differential cell counts. These results suggest that oral Oligonol intake for four weeks had a significant effect on inhibition of inflammatory markers in healthy young men.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2014

Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a potent anti-apoptotic cytokine that enhances immune effector cell functions and is essential for lymphocyte survival. While it known to induce differentiation and proliferation in some haematological malignancies, including certain types of leukaemias and lymphomas, little is known about its role in solid tumours, including breast cancer. In the current study, we investigated whether IL-7 could enhance the in vivo antitumor activity of tumor-reactive $CD8^+$ T cells with induction of IFN-${\gamma}$ in a murine breast cancer model. Human IL-7 cDNA was constructed into the eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1, and then the recombinational pcDNA3.1-IL-7 was intratumorally injected in the TM40D BALB/C mouse graft model. Serum and intracellular IFN-${\gamma}$ levels were measured by ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. $CD8^+$ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity was analyzed using the MTT method. Our results showed that IL-7 administration significantly inhibited tumor growth from day 15 after direct intratumoral injection of pcDNA3.1-IL-7. The anti-tumor effect correlated with a marked increase in the level of IFN-${\gamma}$ and breast cancer cells-specific CTL cytotoxicity. In vitro cytotoxicity assays showed that IL-7-treatment could augment cytolytic activity of $CD8^+$ T cells from tumor bearing mice, while anti-IFN-${\gamma}$ blocked the function of $CD8^+$ T cells, suggesting that IFN-${\gamma}$ mediated the cytolytic activity of $CD8^+$ T cells. Furthermore, in vivo neutralization of $CD8^+$ T lymphocytes by CD8 antibodies reversed the antitumor benefit of IL-7. Thus, we demonstrated that IL-7 exerts anti-tumor activity mainly through activating $CD8^+$ T cells and stimulating them to secrete IFN-${\gamma}$ in a murine breast tumor model. Based on these results, our study points to a potential novel way to treat breast cancer and may have important implications for clinical immunotherapy.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2016

HaCaT 세포에서 UVB와 $IFN-{\gamma}/TNF-{\alpha}$에 의한 염증 관련 인자의 활동에 복분자 씨앗 추출물의 항염증 소재로서의 가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. 복분자 씨앗 추출물은 HaCaT 세포에서 UVB와 $IFN-{\gamma}/TNF-{\alpha}$에 의한 ROS 유도 활성과 interleukin-$1{\beta}$, interleukin-6, interleukin-8의 발현을 억제 하였다. 또한 염증 매개인자인 cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)의 발현 또한 억제 시켰으며, COX-2에 의해 증가되어 지는 $PGE_2$의 발현 또한 억제 시키는 것으로 확인 되었다. 마지막으로 복분자 씨앗 추출물의 피부장벽의 주요 인자인 filaggrin의 발현을 측정해 본 결과 농도 의존적으로 손상된 filaggrin의 발현을 증가 시키는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 통하여 복분자 씨앗 추출물이 표피 층의 손상을 회복함으로써 염증을 보호하는 효능이 있음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 부터 복분자 씨앗 추출물은 UVB로부터 발생되어지는 염증을 개선시킴으로써 항염증에 효능이 있는 추출물임을 확인 수 있었다.