• 생명과학회지
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.929-937
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• 2022

황금찰수수 종자의 항염증 활성을 알아보기 위해, 국내에서 재배되고 있는 3가지 수수 품종(황금찰, 현찰, 찰)의 종자로부터 에탄올 추출물을 확보하여, 지질다당류(LPS)에 의해 자극된 마우스 대식세포주 RAW264.7를 이용하여 염증반응 관련 일산화질소(NO) 생성에 대한 억제 활성을 확인하였다. 세가지 품종 중에서 황금찰수수 종자의 억제활성이 가장 강하게 확인되었다. 황금찰수수 종자의 EtOH 추출물은 n-헥산, 메틸렌클로라이드(MC), 에틸아세테이트(EtOAc), 및 n-부탄올로 순차적으로 분획하였다. 이후 활성이 강하게 확인된 MC 분획을 이용하여, LPS-자극 RAW 264.7 세포에서 항염증 효능을 구체적으로 조사한 결과, LPS-자극에 의해 유도되는 염증반응관련 iNOS, COX-2 및 친염증성 사이토카인(IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α)의 발현을 현저히 감소시켰다. 또한 MC 분획은 LPS-자극에 의해 염증관련 현상으로 유도되는 p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPAK), c-Jun N-말단 키네이스(JNK) 및 세포외 신호조절 키네이스(ERK)의 활성화를 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. HPLC 분석으로 MC분획을 더 조사한 결과, 주요 구성 페놀화합물로서 gentisic acid와 naringenin을 확인하였다. Gentisic acid와 naringenin은 유사한 수준으로 LPS처리애 의해 RAW264.7 세포에서 유도되는 NO 생성에 대한 강력한 억제 활성을 나타내었다. 이상의 연구결과들은 황금찰수수 종자의 항염증 활성과 관련된 gentisic acid 및 naringenin의 작용을 잘 보여주며, 아울러 황금찰수수 종자가 곡물 기반 기능성 식품 개발에 적용될 수 있는 유익한 건강 효과를 가지고 있음을 시사한다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.277-285
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• 2008

Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer (Araliaceae, P. ginseng) has been used for the enhancement of vascular and immune functions in Korea and Japan for a long time. Ginsenoside $Rb_1$ and $Rg_3$ isolated from P. ginseng head-part butanolic extract (PGHB) were investigated for anti-inflammatory activity. Ginsenosides and PGHB did not affect the cell viability within $0\;-\;100\;{\mu}g/ml$ concentration to RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. Ginsenosides and PGHB inhibited partly lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitrite production in a dose-dependent manner. The ginsenosides and PGHB showed partially chemical nitric oxide (NO) quenching (maximum 40%) in the cell-free system. Also, ginsenoside $Rb_1$ and $Rg_3$ inhibited markedly approximately 74 and 54% of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA transcription from LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Taken together, the inhibitory effect of ginsenosides and PGHB on NO production did not occur as a result of cell viability, but was caused by both the chemical NO quenching and the regulation of iNOS. Additionally, the ginsenoside $Rb_1$ and PGHB inhibited prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner, showed approximately 70-98% inhibition at $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. And the treatment with ginsenosides and PGHB attenuated partially LPS-upregulated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene transcription. Ginsenoside $Rg_3$ suppressed LPS-stimulated interleukin-6 (IL-6) level to the basal in RAW 264.7 cells. From these results, ginsenoside $Rb_1,\;Rg_3$, and PGHB may be useful for the relief and retardation of immunological inflammatory responses and its action may occur through the reduction of inflammatory mediators, including NO, $PGE_2$, and IL-6 production.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.467-473
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• 1997

Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), one of bioactive amino acid in the mammalian brain, is known to exert inhibitory effects on neurons via GABA receptor. In the present study, we examined effects of taurine on glutamateinduced neurotoxicity on hippocampal neuron cell culture using cell counting method and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. After 10 d of culture, cells were stimulated with appropriate drugs. Only 43% of cultured neuronal cells survived at one day after stimulation with 500 uM L-glutamate for 10 min. Survival rate was enhanced by 82% in the presence of 10 mM taurine. LDH activity from the culture supernatant incubated with a combination of L-glutamate and taurine was less than half of that with L-glutamate alone. In the next series of experiments, interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression in cultured astrocytes was investigated using reverse tanscription-PCR (RT-PCR). IL-6 mRNA was detected in the astrocytes stimulated with L-glutamate in a dose-dependent manner, while not detected in the unstimulated control astrocytes. The expression of IL-6 mRNA caused by 10 mM glutamate was inhibited by taurine, but not by GABA. These findings demonstrated a neuroprotective action of taurine against glutamate-induced toxicity.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1471-1475
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• 2004

Thuja orientalis extract (TOS) has been used on the hemostatic roborant, sedatives and stressless in oriental countries. We investigate the inhibitory effects on the productions of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO) and the hair promotiont of TOS in the macrophage celline RAW264.7 or hair loss-induced DBA1J mice. T08 (50-500 ㎍/㎖) per se had no cytotoxic effect non-stimulated cells, but this extracts concentration-dependently reduced the release of NO, (IL-1β), IL-6, and TNF-α in the stimulate RAW264.7 cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, when applied TOS (500 ㎍/㎖) to DBA 1J/mice, hair growth was promoted remarkably. These data suggest that T08 promotes hair growth on hair loss induced model mice and these properties may contribute to the anti- hair loss activity of the Thuja orientalis.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2017

잣나무 잎 추출물에 대해 염증인자인 hyaluronidase 저해효과를 측정한 결과 ethanol 추출물에서 물추출물에 비해 상대적으로 더 높은 HAase 저해효과를 보여주었으며, $50-200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic 농도에서 13.2-29.5%의 저해효과를 나타내었다. 잣나무잎 추출물을 Raw 264.7 cell에 농도별로 처리하여 생성되는 NO량을 측정한 결과 LPS처리군은 LPS 무처리군에 비하여 3배에 가까운 NO발현을 나타내었으며, 농도 의존적으로 NO발현을 억제하였다. LPS에 의해서 생성된 $PGE_2$의 생성억제 효과를 측정한 결과 $25{\mu}g/mL$의 처리농도에서 ethanol 추출물이 26.2%의 저해율을 나타내었다. NO 생성 억제기작에 관한 iNOS 단백질의 발현량을 측정한 결과 $25{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 40%의 높은 억제효과를 나타내었으며, 농도 의존적으로 감소하는 경향을 관찰 할 수 있었다. LPS 처리시 또 다른 염증인자인 COX-2의 단백질 발현을 측정한 결과 $25{\mu}g/mL$의 처리 농도에서 64%의 저해효과를 나타내었다. 잣나무잎 추출물이 Raw 264.7 세포에서 LPS에 의해서 생성되는 $TNF-{\cdot}$, IL-6의 생성억제 효과를 측정한 결과 $25{\mu}g/mL$의 처리농도에서 각각 61.7, 62%의 저해 효과를 나타내었다. 따라서 잣나무잎 추출물은 염증억제를 위한 천연 기능성 소재로 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.447-449
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• 1996

Inhibitory effects of the mushrooms on the growth and urease of Helicobacter pylori (HP), which is associated with human gastroduodenal diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma, were investigated. Most of the mushroom extracts did not show inhibitory effect on HP urease except Coriolus versicolar, Auricularia auricular Sarcodon aspratus and Flammulina velutipes. The extract of Ganoderma lucidum, Coriolus versicolar, Gyropora esculenta and Agaricus bisporus var. albidus inhibited the growth of HP. When their extracts were fractionated, the ether fraction of Ganoderma lucidum and Agaricus bisporus var. albidus were the most effective. Among seven components separated from the ether fraction of G. lucidum extract by silica gel column chromatography, P3 was the most potent: MIC was $200{\mu}g/ml$. However, P3 did not inhibit the urease.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.67-80
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• 2005

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of Rheum palmatum(RHP) on the Alzheimer's disease. The effects of RHP extract on amyloid precursor proteins(APP), acetylcholinesterase(AChE), glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) mRNA of PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}\;and\;IL-1{\beta},\;IL-6,\;TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA of THP-1 cell treated by LPS and AChE activity of PC-12 cell lysate treated by $A {\beta}$and behavior of memory deficit rats induced by scopolamine and mice glucose, uric acid, AChE activity of memory deficit rats induced by scopolamine were investigated, respectively. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. RHP extract suppressed APP, AChE, GFAP mRNA in PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta} $. 2. RHP extract suppressed $IL-1{\beta} $, IL-6 $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA in THP-1 cell treated by LPS. 3. RHP extract suppressed AChE activity in cell lysate of PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}$. 4. HP extract increased glucose, decreased uric acid and AChE significantly in the serum of the memory deficit rats induced by scopolamine. 5. RHP extract group showed significantly inhibitory effect on the memory deficit of mice induced by scopolamine in the experiment of Morris water maze. According to the above results, it is suggested that RHP extract might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and memory deficit symptom.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2006

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of Amomum villosum(AMV) on the Alzheimer's disease. The effects of AMV extract on amyloid precursor proteins(APP), acetylcholinesterase(AChE), glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) mRNA of PC-12 cell line treated by amyloid $\beta$ protein($A{\beta}$) : IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA of THP-1 cell line treated by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) : AChE activity of PC-12 cell lysate treated by $A{\beta}$ : serum glucose, uric acid, AChE activity of memory deficit rats induced by scopolamine : behavior of memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine were investigated, respectively. AMV extract suppressed APP, AChE, GFAP mRNA in PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}$ : IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA in THP-1 cell treated by LPS , AChE activity in cell lysate of PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}$. AMV extract increased glucose, decreased uric acid and AChE significantly in the serum of the memory deficit rats induced by scopolamine. AMV extract group showed significantly inhibitory effect on the memory deficit of mice induced by scopolamine in the experiment of Morris water maze. According to the above results, it is suggested that AMV extract might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.36-46
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• 2021

After ethanol (BM-E and RW-E) and hot-water (BM-HW and RW-HW) extracts were fractionated from two herbal mixtures (BM and RW), their physiological activities were investigated. All extracts consisted of more than 50% of neutral sugar, with their total polyphenol levels higher than flavonoid levels. Radical scavenging activities of EtOH extracts remained significantly higher compared to that of hot-water extracts, and in particular, RW-E showed consistently higher antioxidant activity than BM-E. When anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts were evaluated by LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells at 10~500 μg/mL non-cytotoxicity doses, BM-E showed significantly higher levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and nitric oxide inhibitory activity than those of hot-water extracts and RW-E. Murine peritoneal macrophage cells were shown to be enhanced in crude polysaccharides (BM-CP and RW-CP fractionated from BM-HW and RW-HW) compared to hot-water extracts and polysaccharide K (PSK, positive control). Especially, RW-CP exhibited higher activity than BM-CP, and component sugar analysis showed that BM-CP mainly contained galacturonic acid, glucose, arabinose, galactose, and xylose (34.5%, 33.9%, 16.1%, 7.1%, and 6.3%, respectively), whereas RW-CP showed different measurements (29.5%, 59.2%, 5.0%, 4.5%, and 0.2%). In conclusion, two herbal mixtures could contain varying sets of physiological activities dependent on different extraction and fractionation methods.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.47-78
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• 1999

Hoichunyonggyuksan(HCYGS) and Yongseksan(YSS) are important prescriptions that have been used in oriental medicine for stomatitis and wound healing. The study was done to evaluate the inhibitory effects of cytotoxicity, formation of superoxide on the macrophage and neutrophil, prostaglandins($PGE_2$), interleukins($IL-1{\Beta}$), collagenase activity and synthesis of collagen and DNA. The results were obtained as fo1lows: 1. HCYGS and YSS were not showed the proliferation difference of human fibroblast and monocyte in all concentrations to be experimented and in result, it was concluded that they have no cytotoxicity. 2. YSS inhibited the formation of superoxide to $48\% at the concentration of $0.001\%$ in the mouse monocyte. 3. HCYGS inhibited the formation of superoxide to $13\%$ at the concentration of $0.001\%$ as compared with control in the human monocyte. 4. HCYGS and YSS inhibited the formation of superoxide to $25\%\;and\;35\%$ respectively at the concentration of $0.0001\%\;and\;HCYGS\;showed\;38\%$ inhihitory rate on the formation of superoxide at concentration of $0.001\%$ in the human neutrophil. 5. The concentration of inhibiting the production of prostaglandins($PGE_2$) to $11\%$ in the human monocyte stimulated with E. coli were $0.01\%$ of HCYGS. 6. The concentration of inhibiting the production of interleukins($IL-l{\Beta}$) to $43\%\;and\;39\%$ in the human monocyte stimulated with E. coli were $0.01\%$ of HCYGS and YSS. 7. HCYGS and YSS didn't influence on collagen synthesis and total protein in fibroblasts. 8. HCYGS and YSS inhibited the collagenase activity to $22\%\;and\;19\%\;at\;0.1\%,\;45\%\;and\;56\%\;at\;0.2\%,\;57\%\;and\;52\%$ at $0.5\%$ respectively, but YSS exerted the inhibitory effect on collagenase activity to $27\%$ at the lower concentration of $0.01\%$. 9. HCYGS and YSS didn't show the faster recovary than control group hut exerted the consistant effect on the anti-inflammations and the formation of granulation tissue.