• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.192-201
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• 2022

This study aimed to compare bioactivities of Centella asiatica (CA) cultivated in smart farms and fields. Component analysis, cell viability, anti-inflammatory activity, neuroprotection activity, and antioxidant activity were examined with 70% ethanol extracts of CA cultivated in smart farm (SEE) and field (FEE), respectively. Asiaticoside was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and as a result, SEE had more asiaticoside content than FEE. After treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with SEE and FEE, there was no cytotoxicity within the treated concentrations. SEE and FEE showed nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 inhibitory activities in a dose-dependent manner in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, SEE inhibited more NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 production levels than FEE. SEE and FEE reversed the H₂O₂-induced SH-SY5Y cell death. Especially, SEE was more effective in changing the H₂O₂-induced SH-SY5Y cell death than FEE. The antioxidant activity was confirmed by various methods such as total phenol content (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). As a result, SEE showed the most potent antioxidant activities about TPC, DPPH, and SOD methods. This study suggested that SEE has higher bioactivities such as effect of anti-inflammation, neuroprotection, and antioxidation than FEE.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.921-938
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• 1998

Hyelgalsan(HGS) is important prescriptions that have been used in oriental medicine for stomatitis and wound healing. The study was done to evaluate the inhibitory effects of cytotoxicity, formation of superoxide on the macrophage and neutrophil, prostaglandins($PGE_2$), interleukins($IL-1{\beta}$), collagenase activity and synthesis of collagen and DNA. The results were obtained as follows: 1. HGS was not showed the proliferation difference of human fibroblast and monocyte in all concentrations to be experimented and in result, it was concluded that they have no cytotoxicity. 2. HGS inhibited the formation of superoxide to 48% at the concentration of 0.01% in the mouse monocyte. 3. HGS was not showed the proliferation difference of human monocyte in all concentrations to be experimented and in result, it was concluded that they inhibited the formation of superoxide. 4. HGS was not showed the proliferation difference of human neutrophil in all concentrations to be experimented and in result, it was concluded that they inhibited the formation of superoxide. 5. The concentration of inhibiting the production of prostaglandins($PGE_2$) to slight in the human monocyte stimulated with E. coli were 0.01% of HGS. 6. The concentration of inhibiting the production of interleukins($IL-1{\beta}$) to slight in the human monocyte stimulated with E. coli were 0.001% and 0.0001% of HGS. 7. HGS didn't influence on collagen synthesis and total protein in fibroblasts. 8. HGS inhibited the collagenase activity to 22% at 0.1%, 45% at 0.2%, 57% at 0.5% respectively.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.539-544
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• 1997

Anti-metastatic activities of IH901, an intestinal bacterial metabolic derivative formed from Ginseng protopanaxadiol saponins, was determined in vitro and in vivo. Under in vitro conditions, IH901 inhibited the migration of bovine aortic endothelial cells 25 times stronger than suramin and suppressed the invasion of HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells into reconstituted basement membrane components of Matrigel 1000 times stronger than RGDS peptide. IH901 also showed inhibitory effect on type-IV collagenase secretion from HT 1080 cells and platelet aggregation. When the anti-metastatic activity of IH901 was evaluated in comparison with that of 5-FU using a spontaneous lung metastatic model of Lewis lung carcinoma, the administration of IH901 (10 mg/kg p. o.) to tumor-bearing mice led to a significant decrease in lung metastasis (43% of untreated control), which was slightly more effective than that obtained with 5-FU (56% of control). Thus, IH901 seems to exhibit its anti-metastatic activity partly through the inhibition of tumor invasion which results from the blockade of type IV collagenase secretion and also through anti-platelet and anti-angiogenic activities.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.42-54
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• 2018

Background: Allergic diseases like such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, and rhinitis have recently increased both domestically and globally. The present study was undertaken to select candidates with anti-allergic activity from plant resources. Methods and Results: Fifty-six plant extracts at $20{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ were screened against ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase production and interleukin (IL)-4 release in degranulated rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3 cells. The anti-allergy activity of three plant extracts selected from the preliminary screening experiment, Polygonatum sibiricum F. Delaroche (root), Pyrus pytifolia var. culta (Makino) Nakai (leaf), and Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) Libosch. ex Steud (root) were measured at concentrations of $2-250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in three cell lines as RBL-2H3, HaCaT and Jurkcat T cells. The assay showed the root extract of R. glutinosa to have an inhibitory activity of 4.2% - 28.6% on ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase production from IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells. Each extract of P. sibiricum and R. glutinosa reduced IL-4 release in IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells, respectively. The leaf extract of P. pyrifolia var. culta showed a significantly potent suppressive effect of 10.2% - 74.7% on the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ in HaCaT cells sensitized with TNF-a and INF-g, and showed inhibitory effect of -8.6% - 90.9% on the mRNA expression of IL-2 in Jurkat T cells sensitized with PMA and A23187. Conclusions: The results showed that the root of R. glutinosa and leaf of P. pyrifolia var. culta could be useful candidates as antiallergy materials.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.98-104
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• 2014

In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects by Alopecurus aequalis Sobol on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production by RAW 264.7 cell line. Consistent with these observations, DS reduced the LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at the protein levels in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the release of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were also reduced by DS. Moreover, LPS increased expression phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, but DS showed inhibitory effect by reducing LPS-inducible p-$I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ expression level. These results suggest that the down regulation of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IL-6 expression by DS are achieved by the downregulation of NF-${\kappa}B$ activity, a transcription factor necessary for pro-inflammatory mediators, and that is also responsible for its anti-inflammatory effects.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.315-323
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• 2024

This study aims to confirm the anti-inflammatory activities of acemannan and aloesin, which have been studied for various efficacies at various mixed sample ratios. The mixed samples were mixed at a ratio of 1:1 (AA-1), 1:2 (AA-2), 1:3 (AA-3), 2:1 (AA-4), and 3:1 (AA-5). Seven samples were evaluated for their cytotoxic ability on macrophages, and the results showed that all cell viability was over 90% at a concentration of 100 ㎍/mL. First, due to the NO production inhibitory activity, a better inhibitory effect was achieved when using a mixed sample rather than a single material. Afterward, the activity of inhibiting the production of PGE₂, TNF-α, and IL-6 was confirmed using a mixed sample. It was confirmed that AA-2 had the best inhibitory activity on producing PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-6 rather than AA-1, AA-3, AA-4, and AA-5. For this reason, experiments were conducted using AA-2 to determine the protein expression levels of iNOS and COX-2, which are inflammation-related proteins. It was confirmed that AA-2 inhibited iNOS and COX-2 protein expression by 25.01% and 27.27%, respectively, compared to the LPS-alone treatment group. In conclusion, the mixed sample of acemannan and aloesin is judged to have anti-inflammatory activity and can potentially to be used as a functional material.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.194-198
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• 2018

Inflammation is a biological response caused by overactivation of the immune system and is controlled by immune cells via a variety of cytokines. The overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines enhances abnormal host immunity, resulting in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. Inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-12p40, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ might be one way to treat these conditions. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of compounds isolated from Cimicifuga dahurica (Turcz.) Maxim., which is traditionally used as an antipyretic and analgesic in Korea. In primary cell culture assays, 12 compounds were found to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12p40, IL-6, and $TNF-{\alpha}$) in vitro in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells stimulated with LPS.

• Mycobiology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro anti-inflammatory effect of hot water extract from Cordyceps militaris fruiting bodies (CMWE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production, tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release in RAW 264.7 cells. The treatment of macrophages with various concentrations of hot CMWE significantly reduced LPS-induced production as well as NO, TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that CMWE have potent inhibitory effects on the production of these inflammatory mediators.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.183-191
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• 2021

Euglena gracilis is a microalga of great biotechnological interest that can create high levels of bioactive compounds, such as tocopherol, paramylon, and folic acid. The objective of this study was to investigate the biological activities of extracts from E. gracilis, especially those focused on immunological activity. E. gracilis biomass was extracted with hot water (HWE) and the remaining pellet was continuously extracted with methanol (HWME). First, we examined the effect of two extracts from E. gracilis on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of pro-inflammation cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. HWE treatment dose-dependently increased the production of IL-1β and TNF-α. On the other hand, treatment with HWME significantly decreased the generation of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells. In addition, other biological activities of the extracts were further analyzed: α-glucosidase inhibition, protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP1B) inhibition, tyrosinase inhibition, xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. Analysis of these biological activities showed that HWE has more inhibitory effects than HWME against α-glucosidase, tyrosinase, and XO agents. However, the inhibition of PTP1B and ACE with HWME were higher than with HWE. Taken together, the results suggested that E. gracilis possesses various biological activities―especially immunological capabilities―through regulation of cytokine production. Therefore, E. gracilis extract may be potentially useful for food material with immune-regulating effects.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.413-420
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• 2017

This study was designed to examine the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of red beet (Beta vulagaris) root. Red beet root was extracted using 70% ethanol and then fractionated sequentially with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol. Antioxidative ability was evaluated by bioassays using total polyphenol contents and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid diammonium salt) radical scavenging activity. Ethyl acetate fraction of red beet root was best on total polyphenol contents ($37.02{\pm}0.37mg\;GAE/g$) and ABTS radical scavenging effects ($IC_{50}$ $42.9{\pm}9.5{\mu}g/mL$). For the anti-inflammatory activity in RAW264.7 cells, the hexane fraction showed the highest inflammatory effect. Dose response studies were performed to determine the inhibitory effect of hexane fraction of red beet root on pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The hexane fraction of red beet root inhibited the NO and $PGE_2$ production and the protein level of iNOS and COX-2, and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines ($TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 and $IL-1{\beta}$), in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that red beet root has considerable potential as a functional food ingredient with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.