• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.124-132
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• 2020

본 연구는 만자카니(Quercus infectoria Olivier)의 항염증과 같은 생리활성에 대해 실험하였다. 만자카니는 열수(MDE)와 80% 에탄올(MEE)로 추출하였으며, MTT assay로 세포독성을 측정하였다. 항염증 활성을 위하여 nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandon E₂ (PGE₂) 및 leukotrien B4 (LTB₄)의 생성을 측정하였으며, 염증성 사이토카인(IL-1β, IL-6 및 tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α)) 생성 및 전사인자의 발현을 측정 하였다. 그 결과 본 연구 농도범위인 1, 5, 10 ㎍/㎖에서 유의한 세포독성이 나타나지 않는 것을 확인 하였다. 각 시료의 10 ㎍/㎖ 농도에서 NO의 경우 MDE 37.2%, MEE 43.7%, PGE₂의 경우 MDE 30.9%, MEE 43.7%, LTB₄의 경우 MDE 37.1%, MEE 43.7% 감소되는 것을 확인하였다. 염증성 사이토카인의 경우 각 시료의 10 ㎍/㎖ 농도에서 IL-1β는 MDE 38.8%로 MEE 50.8%, IL-6는 MDE 35.0%, MEE 44.2%, TNF-α는 MDE31.9%, MEE 36.6% 감소되었다. 또한 전사인자의 경우 NF-κB는 MDE 44.0%, MEE 16.0%, iNOS는 MDE 44.0%, MEE 55.0%, COX-2는 MDE 45.0%, MEE 40.0% 감소되었다. 추출물 모두 항염증 활성에 효과가 있었으나 상대적으로 MEE가 염증성 인자의 감소 효능이 높은 것으로 확인 되었다. 결과적으로 만자카니의 여수 및 에탄올 추출물 모두 항염증 효능이 확인 되었으며 상대적으로 MEE의 효능이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 객관적으로 유의한 효능을 나타냈으므로 향 후 염증으로 인한 피부 손상 나아가 염증관련 질환을 개선하는 제품의 유용한 소재로써 응용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.230-235
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• 2004

We previously reported that the phytoprotein extracted from Acanthopanax senticosus (PA) had anti-carcinogenic anti-metastatic activity via increase of inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication. In the present study investigated the immunomodulatory mechanism of phytoprotein isolated from the stem bark of Acanthopanax sentic (PA). PA was found to significantly stimulate macrophages producing TNF-α and IL-1β in vitro. It also showed tumori activity indicating that PA had the ability to stimulate macrophage directly. Moreover, PA induced the CDB/sup +/ CTL cy responses to recognize antigen on the B16-BL6 melanoma cells. Treatment of PA with B16-BL6 melanoma cells increased the proliferation of splenocytes compared with untreated control. These results demonstrate that PA immunomodulatory activity suggesting a useful anti-tumor agent applicable to treatment and prevention of cancer.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제13권3_4호
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• pp.148-151
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• 2002

X-선 회절법을 이용하여 metalaxy1, C/sub15/H/sub21/NO₄의 분자 및 결정 구조를 규명하였다. 화합물의 결정학 자료 : 단사정계 공간군 P2₁/c, a=7.849(4) Å, b=13.081(5) Å, c= 15.100(3) Å, β=101.8(2)°, V=1517.6(3) Å₃, Z=4. 분자 구조는 직접법으로 풀었고 완전최소자승법으로 정밀화하여 1694(F/sub 0//sup 2/>4σ(F/sub 0//sup 2/))인 독립회절반전에 대하여 최종 신뢰도 값 R= 0.067을 얻었다. 구조 해석 결과, Cl2-Hl2A…O1의 분자 내 수소 결합을 이루고 있었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2022

Agar, a heterogeneous polymer of galactose, is the main component of the cell wall of marine red algae. It is well established as a safe, non-digestible carbohydrate in oriental countries. Neoagarooligosaccharides (NAOs) prepared by hydrolyzing agar by microbial β-agarase have been reported to show safety. However, their immunological effects have not been reported yet. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate immune enhancing effects of neoagarooligosaccharides (NAOs) from marine red algae Gelidium elegans in mice by performing ex vivo experiments. Six-week-old mice were fed ad libitum. NAOs were orally administrated at three different concentrations (100, 500, and 2,500 mg/kg B.W./day) twice a week for four weeks. The group fed with NAOs at 2,500 mg/kg showed the highest proliferation of splenocytes and production levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) in the ex vivo experiment. In conclusion, NAOs can enhance immune function, increase proliferation of splenocytes, and increase cytokine production by activating macrophages in mice.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2016

Objectives : The aerial parts of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb (Agrimoniae Herba; AH) has been traditionally used as a Korean medicine to treatment of abdominal pain, sore throat, headaches, bloody discharge, parasitic infections and eczema. In this study, we investigated the effect of AH ethanol extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophage cells.Methods : AH was extracted by 30% ethanol (AH-E). Raw264.7 cells were treated with AH-E extract at different concentrations for 30 min and then stimulated with LPS (1㎍/㎖) or without for indicated times. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay, and nitric oxide (NO) production was measured by Griess assay. The expression of inflammatory mediators, iNOS and COX-2 and inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 was detected by RT-PCR, and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK MAP kinases (MAPKs) was analyzed by Western blot. Also, the expression of NF-κB in nuclear and cytosol was detected by Western blot.Results : AH-E extract significantly decreased LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells. AH-E extract inhibited the mRNA expression of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated cells with a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the phosphorylation of ERK, p38 and JNK MAPKs was also inhibited by AH-E extract. AP-E extract inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in LPS-stimulated cells.Conclusions : Our results suggest that AH-E extract has an anti-inflammatory activity in macrophages-mediated inflammation.

• 생약학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.340-348
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of red doraji (Platycodon grandiflorum, RD) prepared by repeated steaming and drying process in the immune-suppressed mice induced by pre (RD-A) or post-treatment (RD-B) with cyclophosphamide. The immune-stimulating effects of ethanol RD extract in in vivo at 150 (RD-1) and 300 mg/kg body weight (RD-2) for RD-A and RD-B groups were measured and compared to the NC group supplied with distilled water only or positive control group. After 14 days of oral supplement, serum IgA, IgG, and cytokine levels, splenocytes proliferation rate, NK cell activity, and gene expression of cytokines were measured as immune related biomarkers. Serum IgA, IgG, IL-1β, and IL-12 levels increased in both RD-A and RD-B groups while serum TNF-α level decreased in RD-A group compared to the NC group. Splenocytes proliferation rate, NK cell activity, and cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ) expression levels were also improved by RD supplement in the both groups. The RD showed more significant immunomodulatory effects at higher dose (RD-2) rather than the lower dose (RD-1). Thus, RD has an immune efficacy in a dose dependent manner and can be used as an immune stimulating source to improve immunity.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제46권10호
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• pp.627-636
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• 2023

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to the gradual destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth including gums, periodontal ligaments, alveolar bone, and root cementum. Recently, interests in alleviating symptoms of periodontitis (PD) using natural compounds is increasing. Avenanthramide-C (Avn-C) is a polyphenol found only in oats. It is known to exhibit various biological properties. To date, the effect of Avn-C on PD pathogenesis has not been confirmed. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the protective effects of Avn-C on periodontal inflammation and subsequent alveolar bone erosion in vitro and in vivo. Upregulated expression of catabolic factors, such as matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), MMP3, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and COX2 induced by lipopolysaccharide and proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), was dramatically decreased by Avn-C treatment in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells. Moreover, alveolar bone erosion in the ligature-induced PD mouse model was ameliorated by intra-gingival injection of Avn-C. Molecular mechanism studies revealed that the inhibitory effects of Avn-C on the upregulation of catabolic factors were mediated via ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) and NF-κB pathway that was activated by IL-1β or p38 MAPK and JNK signaling that was activated by TNF-α, respectively. Based on this study, we recommend that Avn-C may be a new natural compound that can be applied to PD treatment.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.14-18
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• 1990

Econazole nitrate, 1-{2-[(4-chlorophenyl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) ethy1}-1H-imidazole mono-nitrate, C18 H16 CI13 N3 O4의 단위세포 상수는 a=19.337(4) A, b=15.191(5) A c=7.601(3)A, β=91.72(2)μ V=2000.0A3 Do=1.49g/ml Dm=1.47g/ml, M=4.31cm-1 F(000)=912.0, 2T=298K,공간군은 P2₁/C이고 단사 정계이며 Z=4이다. λ=(Mo-Ka)=0.7107 A을 사용한 1330개의 Intensity data에 대해 최종 R값은 0.06이다. Econazole nitrate의 각 세 ring은 각각 평면이며 B,A,C ring순서로 층계를 이루고 있다. 반면에 Econazole의 A와 C ring은 거의 같은 평면에 누워 있으나 B ring 은 거의 같은 평면이며 B,A,C ring순서로 층계를 이루고 있다.반면에 Econazole의 A와 C ring은 거의 같은 평면에 누워있으나 B ring과는 약 60˚의 평면각을 이루고 있다. Nitrate의 O(*3)와 Imidaze의 N(2) 사이의 수소결합은 Econazole slt의 안정화에 기여한다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.368-376
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• 2023

Background: Although bee venom (BV) has clinical benefits in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, it has not been tested as treatment for gouty arthritis. Moreover, in vitro, BV has been proven to exhibit anti-inflammatory and positive effects on osteoarthritis, but only limited evidence can confirm its beneficial effects on gout. Thus, this study aims to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of BV on monosodium urate (MSU)-induced THP-1 monocytes. Methods: THP-1 monocytes were differentiated into mature macrophages using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and pretreated for 6 hours with BV and a Caspase-1 inhibitor in a physiologically achievable range of concentrations (BV, 0.1-1 ㎍/mL; Caspase-1 inhibitor, 1-10 μM), followed by MSU crystal stimulation for 24 hours. The secretions of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-8, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO) were increased in the MSU crystal-stimulated THP-1 cells. Results: Caspase-1 inhibitors suppressed the production of all mediators in a dose-dependent manner. BV worked on equal terms with Caspase-1 inhibitors and showed more satisfactory effects on TNF-α, PGE2, COX-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Moreover, the western blot analysis revealed that BV regulated the transcriptional levels of these mediators via the suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway activation. Conclusion: The results of the present study clearly suggest that BV inhibits MSU-induced inflammation in vitro, suggesting a possible role for BV in gout treatment.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.138-146
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• 2023

Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite which can infect most warm-blooded animals and humans. Among the different mouse models, C57BL/6 mice are more susceptible to T. gondii infection compared to BALB/c mice, and this increased susceptibility has been attributed to various factors, including T-cell responses. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most prominent type of antigen-presenting cells and regulate the host immune response, including the response of T-cells. However, differences in the DC responses of these mouse strains to T. gondii infection have yet to be characterized. In this study, we cultured bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) from BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. These cells were infected with T. gondii. The activation of the BMDCs was assessed based on the expression of cell surface markers and cytokines. In the BMDCs of both mouse strains, we detected significant increases in the expression of cell surface T-cell co-stimulatory molecules (major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II, CD40, CD80, and CD86) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-12p40, IL-1β, and IL-10) from 3 h post-T. gondii infection. The expression of MHC II, CD40, CD80, CD86, IFN-γ, IL-12p40, and IL-1β was significantly higher in the T. gondii-infected BMDCs obtained from the C57BL/6 mice than in those from the BALB/c mice. These findings indicate that differences in the activation status of the BMDCs in the BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice may account for their differential susceptibility to T. gondii.