• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.585-592
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• 2021

Cisplatin has been reported to cause side effects such as muscle wasting in humans and rodents. The physiological mechanisms involved in preventing muscle wasting, such as the regulation of AKT, PGC1-α, and autophagy-related factor FOXO3a by MuRF 1 and Atrogin-1, remain unclear following different types of exercise and in various skeletal muscle types. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 34) were assigned to one of four groups: control (CON, n = 6), cisplatin injection (1 mg/kg) without exercise (CC, n = 8), cisplatin (1 mg/kg) + resistance exercise (CRE, n = 9) group, and cisplatin (1 mg/kg) + aerobic exercise (CAE, n = 11). The CRE group performed progressive ladder exercise (starting with 10% of body weight on a 1-m ladder with 2-cm-interval grids, at 85°) for 8 weeks. The CAE group exercised by treadmill running (20 m/min for 60 min daily, 4 times/week) for 8 weeks. Compared with the CC group, the levels of the autophagy-related factors BNIP3, Beclin 1, LC3-II/I ratio, p62, and FOXO3a in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were significantly decreased in the CRE and CAE groups. The CRE and CAE groups further showed significantly decreased MuRF 1 and Atrogin-1 levels and increased phosphorylation of AKT, FOXO3a, and PGC1-α. These results suggest that both ladder and aerobic exercise directly affected muscle wasting by modulating the AKT/PGC1-α/FOXO3a signaling pathways regardless of the skeletal muscle type.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.721-728
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• 1990

Hydroxyapatite powders were synthesized with Ca/P=1.67 and pH=11 by precipitaton method, after characterization of these specimen, behavior in Ringer's solution and biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite, such as cytotoxity test and implantation test, were investigated. The hydroxyapatite ceramics had structural stability in Ringer's solution, and hydroxyapatite ceramics did not prevent cell growing and exhibit any cytotoxic effects. In implantation of hydroxyapatite ceramics into muscle under abdome of guinea pig, hydroxyapatite ceramics did not show any symptom of rejection for cellular texture.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.113-124
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• 1985

In order to observe the effect of mandibular orthopedic repositioning appliance (MORA) on body strength, the author measured back muscle strength with Digital Back Muscle DYNAMOMETER (TAKEI KIKI KOGYO Co., Tokyo, Japan) before MORA, 15 days after and 30 days after MORA in 12 men and then analysed them statistically. The subjects were weight-lifting athletes of Seoul Athletic High School without dysfunction of masticatory system. MORA was fabricated at 1.0-1.5rnm isotonically closed position (Myocentric Occlusion Position) from mandibular rest position (Myocentric Rest Position) using Myo-monitor (MyoTronics Research Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA) and-SVT C-II (Tokyo Shizaisha Inc., Tokyo, Japan). The results were as follows : 1. The mean of back muscle strength before MORA was 150 kg, that of 15 days after MORA was 165 kg (4.43% increase than before), and that of 30 days was 175 kg (10.76% increase than before). 2. There was a significant difference among back muscle strength before MORA, 15 days after and 30 days after MORA (P<0.01: repeated measures one-way ANOVA). 3. According to the result of determining mandibular position for MORA fabrication, mandibular rest position after relaxation with Myo-monitor was 3.2mm lower, 1.0mm posterior, and 0.5 mm left from centric occlusion. And the mean of the amount of lateral deviation was 0.7 mm.

• BMB Reports
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.280-289
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• 2018

Previously considered as a component of transcriptional noise, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were neglected as a therapeutic target, however, recently increasing evidence has shown that lncRNAs can participate in numerous biological processes involved in genetic regulation including epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional regulation. In this review, we discuss the fundamental functions of lncRNAs at different regulatory levels and their roles in metabolic balance. Typical examples are introduced to illustrate their diverse molecular mechanisms. The comprehensive investigation and identification of key lncRNAs will not only contribute to insights into diseases, such as breast cancer and type II diabetes, but also provide promising therapeutic targets for related diseases.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1083-1088
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• 2012

The breeding value of marbling score in skeletal muscle is an important factor for evaluating beef quality. In the present study, we investigated proteins associated with the breeding value of the marbling score for bovine sirloin to select potential biomarkers to improve meat quality through comparative proteomic analysis. Proteins isolated from muscle were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. After analyzing images of the stained gel, seven protein spots for the high marbling score group were identified corresponding to changes in expression that were at least two-fold compared to the low marbling score group. Four spots with increased intensities in the high marbling score group were identified as phosphoglycerate kinase 1, triosephophate isomerase, acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein PO, and capping protein (actin filament) Z-line alpha 2. Spots with decreased intensities in the high marbling score group compared to the low score group were identified as 14-3-3 epsilon, carbonic anhydrase II, and myosin light chain 1. Expression of myosin light chain 1 and carbonic anhydrase 2 was confirmed by Western blotting. Taken together, these data could help improve the economic performance of cattle and provide useful information about the underlying the function of bovine skeletal muscle.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.159-168
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• 2008

Objectives : The present study has been undertaken to investigate the effects of Dipsaci Radix on Muscle Fiber Atrophy and MyoD Expression in Gastrocnemius of MCAO Rats Methods : In order to investigate effects of Dipsaci radix on the skeletal muscle atrophy following stroke, cerebral infarct was induced by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in the rats. Water extract of Dipsaci radix (184.4 mg/100 g) was treated for 4 weeks, once a day orally, after the MCAO. Effects were evaluated with muscle fiber type composition and cross-sectioned area of muscle fibers in gastrocnemius of the unaffected & affected hind limbs. And MyoD protein expression in gastrocnemius was demonstrated with immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Results : Obtained results were as follows; 1. Infarct volume was not attenuated by Dipsaci radix treatment in the MCAO rats. 2. At the affected-side hind limb of the MCAO rats, the increase of type-I fibers and the decrease of type-II fibers were induced by Dipsaci radix treatment. 3. At the affected-side hind limb of the MCAO rats, decreases of cross-sectioned areas of type-I and type-II fibers were attenuated by Dipsaci radix treatment. 4. At the affected-side hind limb of the MCAO rats, MyoD positive cells were increased by Dipsaci radix treatment. 5. At the affected-side hind limb of the MCAO rats, MyoD expressions were increased by Dipsaci radix treatment. Conclusions : These results suggest that Dipsaci radix has a protective effect against muscle atrophy, through the inhibition of the muscle cell apoptosis, following the central nervous system demage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.716-722
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• 2005

Carcass weight and backfat thickness are primary yield grading factors. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I/-II, transforming growth factor $\beta$1 (TGF-$\beta$1), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) regulate the proliferation and differentiation of cells including adipocytes. Also, interleukin (IL)-2/-6, cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) are known to be related to muscle growth and fat depth. However, the relationships between endocrine factors and carcass grade have not been studied. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the concentrations of endocrine factors in serum and muscle, and to investigate the relationship of endocrine factors with carcass grade. A total of 60 crossbred gilts (Duroc${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace) were used. Blood from the jugular vein was collected at antemortem (7 days before slaughter) and postmortem periods, and M. Longissimus was collected at 45 min and 24 h after slaughter. The concentrations of IGF-I/-II, EGF, TGF-$\beta$1, IL-2/-6, cortisol and DHEA-S were analyzed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In general, IGF and EGF concentrations in serum and muscle of grade A carcasses were found to be higher than those of grade C carcasses at antemortem and postmortem periods, whereas the pattern of TGF-$\beta$1 concentration was reversed. In particular, the concentrations of muscle IGF-I (24 h postmortem) and serum TGF-$\beta$1 (antemortem) were significantly different between grades A and C (p<0.05). The present results indicate that serum and muscle growth factors affect carcass weight and backfat thickness, and indirectly suggest the possibility that carcass grade could be predicted by expression of serum and/or muscle growth factors.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.125-132
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• 2002

Spinal Muscular Atrophy(SMA) is characterized by degeneration of the anterior horn cells leading to symmetrical muscle weakness and wasting of voluntary muscles. Depending on the age of onset, the maximum muscular activity achieved, and survivorship, 3 types of SMA are recognized: SMA type I=Werdnig-Hoffman disease; SMA type II=an intermediate form; SMA type III = Wohlfart-Kugelberg-Welander disease. We report on a 10-month-old male patient with SMA type II complained cough and sputum. We treated with Bopejungchungtang for his cough and sputum. After administration of Bopejunchungtang cough and sputum decreased and almost disappeared.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 1973

A study on the active center of the acid protease from Penicillium sp. was conducted, and also the milk clotting activity of acid prorease was measured. 1. PCMB failed to influence the proteolytic activity of acid protease, indicating that a reactive sulfhydryl group is not required for the enzymatic activity. 2. $\varepsilon$-amino caproic acid did not show any inhibitory effect on tile proteolytic activity of acid protease. 3. Also 2, 4-dinitro phenol did not show any inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity. 4. Acid protease from Penicillium sp. showed a strong milk clotting activity in the presence of Ca ion. 5. This enzyme had a strong proteolytic activity on various substrate, such as casein, denatured hemoglobin, ovalbumin, denatured bovine muscle protein, denatured percine muscle protein and denatured chicken muscle protein.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.9-25
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of therapeutic ultrasound after muscle contusion injury by observed immunoreactivity of substance-P that plays an important role in pain transmission. Ultrasound irradiation(1MHz, 1W/$cm^{2}$ continuous mode, treatment time 5 min) was applied through water submersion technique to 1 limb daily by kept off 5cm from muscle belly of gastrocnemius. The result of this study were as follows. 1. The substance-P was expressed in lamina I and II of dorsal horn of spinal cord, also in lamina IV and around of central cannel of spinal cord. Experimental group was lower expressed than control group with the exception of 1 days. 2. The substance-P immunoreactivity was decreased for 5 days together in lumbar and sacral region of all groups, expecially experimental group was rapidly. These data suggest therapeutic ultrasound may stimulate pain relief by diminish of substance-P in dorsal horn of spinal cord.