• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.17-28
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• 2022

This study is to develop the direction of the development of the next-generation mapping of marine information required to develop a base of the utilization localization of maritime production tools. The GIS data-processing products and technologies currently used in the Korea's marine sector depend on external applications which is renewal costs, technical updates, and unreflected characteristics. Meanwhile, the S-100 standard, the next generation hydrographic data model that complements S-57's problems in marine GIS data processing, was adopted as a new marine data standard. This study aims to present the current status and problems of marine GIS technology in Korea and to suggest the development direction of GIS software based on the next generation hydrogrphic data model S-100 standard of IHO(International Hydrographic Organization). S-100-based marine GIS localization technology development and industrial ecosystem development research is expected to scientific decision-making on policy issues that occur with other countries such as marine territory management and development and use of marine resources.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.10C no.3
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• pp.253-264
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• 2003

This paper presents the analytic model of Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks in two settings: the normal Web server without any attack and the Web server with DDoS attacks. In these settings, we measure TCP flag rate, which is expressed in terms of the ratio of the number of TCP flags, i.e., SYN, ACK, RST, etc., packets over the total number of TCP packets, and Protocol rate, which is defined by the ratio of the number of TCP (UDP or ICMP) packets over the total number of W packets. The experimental results show a distinctive and predictive pattern of DDoS attacks. We wish our approach can be used to detect and prevent DDoS attacks.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.1380-1394
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• 2015

This paper deals with the geographical scope of the East Sea introduced by major domestic institutions. The East Sea surrounded by South Korea, North Korea, Russia, Japan has a variety of marine resources, and is the very appropriate natural laboratory to study future global changes as a miniature ocean. However, there is a continuous conflict between Korea and Japan over the name of the East Sea because of the nature of international waters. So we need the active research achievements based on the exact geographic knowledge of the East Sea to promote the legitimacy of the East Sea in the international community. Nevertheless each domestic institution has a different way to define the southern border of the East Sea so that it showed a difference about linear distance of up to about 44 km. Also, they have defined the scope of East Sea not as the entire East Sea surrounded by South Korea, North Korea, Russia and Japan but as the jurisdiction of the Republic of Korea. It caused serious confusion about accurate statistical knowledge about East Sea such as area, volume, and mean water depth. Therefore, clear social consensus about the geographical scope of the East Sea would be required, there is also the need to institutionalize a legal order to spread it.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2003

A nautical chart is an essential material not only for the safety of navigation at sea, but also for the research and understanding of the ocean. Paper nautical harts have been used for navigational purposes for several hundreds years, but it was show that paper nautical charts have certain limitations, because the speed of ships has increased dramatically, and Global Positioning Systems (GPS) are now available at sea. Thus, the development of digital charts has been conducted by a number of countries. As a result, the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) has developed a standard format, Special Publication No. 57 (S-57), as a guideline for the production of electronic navigational charts (ENC). Even though ENCs are a state-of-the-art navigational tool because they are produced on the basis of Geographical Information System (GIS) technology, they can be utilized for various purposes. in this paper, the usage of paper nautical charts, ENCs, and digital charts is reviewed. Also, the various application system that make use of electronic navigational harts and digital charts, as a basic geographical source of information, will be examined on the basis of GIS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.86-87
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• 2011

Use of the Object Catalogue for ENC(UOC) which can be important reference to encoding detailed attribute for ENC has been prohibited to the revision. Recently new edition is developed through the discussion of IHO TSMAD working group, therefore, it is expected to have a effect to production systems, encoders and ECDIS OEMs. In this study, revised UOC was analyzed and compared to previous documents. In conclusion, the effects to the related systems, encoders and OEMs, and their implecations are drawn from that.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.135-138
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• 2010

The goals of the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) that initiated by the IMO and supported by IALA, IHO, ITU, IEC and manufacturers are to provide more effective and efficient emergency and safety communications and disseminate Maritime Safety Information (MSI) to all ships on the world's oceans regardless of location or atmospheric conditions. Much of the GMDSS is built on technologies more than 20 years old; some work well; others do not. While GMDSS requirements apply only to SOLAS vessels, there are many other vessels on the water. So some considerations are necessary for non-SOLAS vessels including fishing ships, leisure boats and small boats. This paper describes the analysis of IMO, ITU and IEC meeting results held on recently. Also it gives the trends of the international marine radio standards and its technologies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.142-144
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• 2013

선박 안전항해를 위해 항해용 해도와 같은 수로 정보와 함께 해사안전정보(MSI), 항행통보(NM), 항행경보와 같이 임의적인 안전관련 정보들이 이용될 수 있다. 현재 GMDSS 제도의 시행에 따라 해사안전정보와 항행경보 등의 정보들이 NAVTEX 등의 장비를 통해 텍스트 형태로 선박에 전달되고 있으나 이런 형식의 정보들은 기존 종이해도 또는 전자해도를 사용하는 ECDIS의 다양한 첨단 항해 지원 기능과 연계하기 어려운 단점이 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 사례로 유럽은 e-Navigation Test-bed 프로젝트에서 IHO의 S-100 표준을 기반으로 하는 해사안전정보 데이터 표준을 수립하고 이를 활용한 서비스 연구 및 검증을 수행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국제수로기구의 S-100 표준에 따라 해사안전정보를 객체화 하여 모델링하고 이를 전자해도 정보와 연계하여 활용할 수 있는 방안을 모색하기 위해 유럽의 e-Navigation Test-bed 프로젝트에서의 해사안전정보 연구 사례(S-100 표준 기반의 해사안전정보 제품 표준), 국제수로기구의 해사안전정보 매뉴얼 등을 분석하여 국내 해사안전정보 서비스를 위해 필요한 기술개발 내역 및 방안을 제안 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.14 no.1 s.33
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• pp.31-43
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• 1990

This research studied the first impression of a stranger in various styles of Korean or Western attire in several socially interacting contexts. The semantic differential scale was used to analyze the responses of IHO male and 180 female university students to line drawings of male and female figures in Korean or Western formal and informal attire in campus, office, and ambiguous contexts. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan's test. Six factors emerged to account for dimensions of first impressions. These were evaluation, potency, prestige and formality, conformity, likableness, and conspicuousness. Clothing styles had a larger effect on responses than context. Persons in traditional Korean styles were perceived as more prestigious, formal, individualistic, and less competent than those in Western styles. Conversely persons in both formal and informal Western styles were perceived as more attractive and more competent than those in traditional Korean styles. Persons in casual Western styles were considered least prestigious and least formal. A weak interaction effect was found between clothing style and social context.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.429-434
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• 2004

현재 우리나라는 육역에 대한 조사와 영해관리를 위한 조사는 이루어져 있으나 연안해역에 대한 해저정보조사는 부족한 실정이다. 비록 국토지리정보원은 1976년부터 연안 해역기본도를 제작 및 배포하고 있으나 갱신주기가 매우 길며, 소축척으로 제작하여 정확도가 낮다. 따라서 해양수산행정 서비스를 위한 기초 자료가 매우 부족한 실정이다. 그리고 NGIS와 MGIS(해양수산부에서 추진하고 있는 해양 GIS사업)와의 연계를 위해 해양 분야에 대한 국가기본지리정보 D/B를 구축하여 디지털 국토 완성할 필요성이 있다. 관련법규를 조사하여 연안해역 해저정보의 조사 필요성과 타당성에 대해 법적인 근거를 마련하였고, 과거 진행되어왔던 연안관련 사업에 대한 조사를 현재 제작되거나 제작중에 있는 자료의 종류와 정확도에 대해 조사하고, 이미 제작된 자료의 문제점에 대해분석 하였다. 효과적인 연안해역 해저정보조사를 위해 우리나라 연안을 아래 그림과 같이 10개 권역으로 구분하고, 이를 다시 7.5'x 7.5'의 소구역으로 구분한 후 각 소구역의 중요도에 따라서 등급을 부여하고, 각 등급별로 IHO S-44 기준의 관측정확도를 따르도록 하였다. 또한 자료조사항목을 선정하여 중요도가 높은 조사항목에 대해 우선적으로 조사할 수 있도록 하였다. 연안해역 해저정보에 대한 조사가 이루어지면 연안 행정 업무 효율성 증대되고 긴급상황에 대처한 신속한 의사결정 가능하며, 다양한 자료의 복합적인 분석 가능할 것이다. 또한 NGIS와 MGIS를 연계하여 많은 부가가치를 창출할 수 있을 것이라 예상된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.63-73
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• 1997

The tidal propagation for the Southeast Asian Seas is described via a high-resolution, two-dimensional hydrodynamic model by the equilibrium tide and co-oscillating tide at the Straits. Computed tidal distributions of four major semidiurnal tides (M$_2$, S$_2$, $K_2$, $N_2$) and four major diurnal tides (K$_1$, $O_1$, P$_1$, Q$_1$) are presented and results are also compared with coastal observations archived in IHO global tidal data base (Canadian Marine Environmental Data Service) and existing tidal charts including Schwiderski GOTD(Global Ocean Tidal Data) maps.