• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.623-624
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• 2006

In this paper, we introduce the design and fabrication of V-band power amplifier MMIC with excellent gain-flatness for IEEE 802.15.3c WPAN system. The V-band power amplifier was designed using ETRI' $0.12{\mu}m$ PHEMT process. The PHEMT shows a peak transconductance ($G_{m,peak}$) of 500 mS/mm, a threshold voltage of -1.2 V, and a drain saturation current of 49 mA for 2 fingers and $100{\mu}m$ total gate width (2f100) at $V_{ds}$=2 V. The RF characteristics of the PHEMT show a cutoff frequency, $f_T$, of 97 GHz, and a maximum oscillation frequency, $f_{max}$, of 166 GHz. The gains of the each stages of the amplifier were modified to have broadband characteristics of input/output matching for first and fourth stages and get more gains of edge regions of operating frequency range for second and third stages in order to make the gain-flatness of the amplifier excellently for wide band. The performances of the fabricated 60 GHz power amplifier MMIC are operating frequency of $56.25{\sim}62.25\;GHz$, bandwidth of 6 GHz, small signal gain ($S_{21}$) of $16.5{\sim}17.2\;dB$, gain flatness of 0.7 dB, an input reflection coefficient ($S_{11}$) of $-16{\sim}-9\;dB$, output reflection coefficient ($S_{22}$) of $-16{\sim}-4\;dB$ and output power ($P_{out}$) of 13 dBm. The chip size of the amplifier MMIC was $3.7{\times}1.4mm^2$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.495-498
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• 2008

This paper describes design of a real-time, wearable reflectance pulse oximetry which is based Wireless Sensor Network. For the purpose of continuously monitoring vital signs of a human, wearable reflectance pulse oximetry is built into a wrist type that can be obtained $SpO_2$ value of patient unobtrusively. This designed $SpO_2$ module is based on a low-power 8 bit ATmega128L microcontroller operating in 3V. Low power operating $SpO_2$ module was integrated to wireless sensor node for user's health monitoring. This paper is focused on the successful integration of all these components into wearable reflectance pulse oximetry and evaluates its ability to measure patient' $SpO_2$ value. Information from this sensor was wirelessly transmitted to a base-station for storage and display purposes.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2008

A novel compact model for a five-port transformer balun is proposed for the efficient circuit design of hybrid balun. Compared to the conventional model, the proposed model provides much faster computation time and more reasonable values for the extracted parameters. The hybrid balun, realized in $0.18\;{\mu}m$ CMOS, achieves 2.8 dB higher gain and 1.9 dB lower noise figure than its passive counterpart only at a current consumption of 0.67 mA from 1.2 V supply. By employing the hybrid balun, a differential zero-IF receiver is designed in $0.18\;{\mu}m$ CMOS for IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee applications. It is composed of a differential cascode LNA, passive mixers, and active RC filters. Comparative investigations on the three receiver designs, each employing the hybrid balun, a simple transformer balun, and an ideal balun, clearly demonstrate the advantages of the hybrid balun in fully differential CMOS RF receivers. The simulated results of the receiver with the hybrid balun show 33 dB of conversion gain, 4.2 dB of noise figure with 20 kHz of 1/f noise corner frequency, and -17.5 dBm of IIP3 at a current consumption of 5 mA from 1.8 V supply.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.3A
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• pp.282-290
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose an enhanced Timing Estimator algorithm for 2.45GHz LR-WPAN receiver. Because an expensive and highly efficient oscillator can't be used for low-cost implementation, a Timing Estimator algorithm having stable operation in the channel environment with center frequency tolerance of 80 ppm is required. To enhance the robustness to frequency offset and the stability of receiver performance, multiple delay differential filter is adopted. By utilizing the characteristic that the correlation result between the output signal of Multiple delay differential filter and reference signal is restricted on the In-phase part of the correlator output, a coherent detection scheme instead of the typical noncoherent one is adopted for Timing Estimator. The application of the coherent detection scheme is suitable for LR-WPAN receiver aimed at low-cost, low-power, and low-complexity, since it can remove performance degradation due to squaring loss of I/Q squaring operation and decrease implementation complexity. Computer simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieved performance improvement compared with the differential detection-based noncoherent scheme by 2dB in average.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2013

IP-based Wireless Sensor Networks (IP-WSNs) are gaining importance for their broad range of applications in health-care, home automation, environmental monitoring, industrial control, vehicle telematics and agricultural monitoring. In all these applications, mobility in the sensor network with special attention to energy efficiency is a major issue to be addressed. Because of the energy inefficiency of networks-based mobility management protocols can be supported in IP-WSN. In this paper we propose a network based mobility supported IP-WSN protocol called Multicasting-based inter-Domain Mobility Management Scheme in Sensor-based Fast Proxy Mobile IPv6 Networks (mSFP). Based on [8,20], We present its network architecture and evaluate its performance by considering the signaling and mobility cost. Our analysis shows that the proposed scheme reduces the signaling cost, total cost, and mobility cost. With respect to the number of IP-WSN nodes, the proposed scheme reduces the signaling cost by 7% and the total cost by 3%. With respect to the number of hops, the proposed scheme reduces the signaling cost by 6.9%, the total cost by 2.5%, and the mobility cost by 1.5%. With respect to the number of IP-WSN nodes, the proposed scheme reduces the mobility cost by 1.6%.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.4A
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• pp.324-329
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• 2009

In this paper, a novel Snowflake-shaped microstrip patch antenna for application in the WLAN(5.2/5.8GHz) band is designed and fabricated. The size of antenna is $21.2{\times}16mm^2$ and substrate is used Taconic-RF30. To obtain sufficient bandwidth in Return loss <-10dB and dual resonance characteristic, the Short-pin is inserted on the patch and the coaxial probe source is used. The measured results of fabricated antenna show 220MHz and 135MHz bandwidth in Return loss <-10dB referenced to the WLAN(5.2/5.8GHz) band. The measured antenna gain is $4.7{\sim}6.9dBi$ in the WLAN(5.2/5.8GHz) band. The experimental 3-dB beam width in I-plane and H-plane are $73.2^{\circ}/82.75^{\circ}$ for 5.1500Hz, $74.56^{\circ}/83.63^{\circ}$ for 5.3500Hz, and $86.24^{\circ}/85.15^{\circ}$ for 5.7850Hz, respectively.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.43 no.3 s.345
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• pp.84-94
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose the algorithm to reduce guard time of UWB MAC time slot for throughput gain. In the proposed draft by multiband ofdm alliance (MBOA), Guard time of each medium access slot (MAS) is composed of shortest inter-frame space (SIFS) and MaxDrift which is the time caused by maximum frequency offset among devices. In this paper, to reduceguard time means that we nearly eliminate MaxDrift term from guard time. Each device of a piconet computes relative frequency offset from the device initiating piconet using periodically consecutive transferred beacon frames. Each device add or subtract the calculated relative frequency offset to the estimated each MAS starting point in order to synchronize with calculated MAS starting point of the device initiating piconet. According to verification of simulations, if the frequency offset estimator is implemented with 8 decimal bit, the ratio of the wasted time to Superframe is always less than 0.0001.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.422-429
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• 2007

Location awareness is one of the key functionalities to build an U-city. Recently, many of works of the location-aware systems are emerging to commercially apply to on-going large-scale apartment complex based on U-city. As dwellers or cars being attached with active tags are moving in the U-city complex, the active tags periodically broadcast their own identifiers and receivers fixed along the street or in building use those information to calculate location of them. There are several issues to be considered for such an environment. The first is that the number of active tags operating in the same region are large as much as tens of thousands, and the second is that the active tags should be alive without change of batteries more than a year, hence low power consumption is very important. In this paper we propose i) a new architecture for location-aware system considering such issues, ii) technical issues to implement it using active tags, and iii) a mathematical analytic model to investigate overall performance and verify it by comparing with actual experimental results. Through the analysis we can show the theoretical boundary of the lowest packet loss rate and the maximum number of tags with acceptable performance for the systems based on active tags. The results can be applied to practical design of location-based systems of U-City projects.