• Toxicological Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the antitoxic effect of Oenanthe javanica extracts on orally administered mercury compound. Adult male ICR mice were exposed to methylmercuric chloride (CH3HgCl)through drinking water. The control, mercury treated and Oenanthe javanica treated groups not showed significant differences in mean body and organ weights of mice. The distribution of mercury in the cerebellum, kidney, liver and spleen of the mouse were examined according to a histochemical mathod. Grains of mercury traces were located in the purkinje cell and granular layers of the cerebellum and cortex of kidney respectively. Lesser staining of the grains was seen in the collecting tubules of medulla. in the liver, mercury accumulations were present primarily in the hepatocytes around portal area containing interlobular bile duct, artery and portal vein. Also grains of mercury traces were accumulated in the white pulp of the spleen. In the group of Oenanthe javanica extracts, staining intensity of mercury was decreased in the Purkinje cell layer of cerebellum and in the portal area of liver respectively. Staining patterns in kidney and spleen of extracts group were similar to that of only mercury treated group.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2017

Objectives : In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of MOK, a pharmacopuncture medicine, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. Methods : Peritoneal macrophages were isolated from ICR mice. Primary macrophages were treated with MOK extract (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/ml) for 30 min and then stimulated with LPS ($1{\mu}g/ml$) for the indicated times. Cytotoxicity was measured using MTT and LDH assays. Nitric oxide (NO) production in culture supernatants was measured using the Griess assay. The mRNA expression of iNOS, COX-2, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6) and antioxidant enzymes (HO-1 and MnSOD) was measured by RT-PCR. Results : Treatment with MOK extract (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/ml) significantly decreased LPS-induced NO production in peritoneal macrophages through inhibition of iNOS expression. The expression of COX-2, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 mRNA was also decreased in LPS-stimulated macrophages upon treatment with MOK extract. MOK treatment also increased the expression of HO-1 and MnSOD mRNA in macrophages. Conclusion : These results indicate that MOK exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by regulating the transcription levels of inflammatory mediators and antioxidant proteins in activated macrophages.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.39-48
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• 2017

Objectives : In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory and antioxidant effect of MOK, a pharmacopuncture medicine, in concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated mouse splenocytes. Methods : Primary splenocytes were isolated from ICR mice. The splenocytes were treated with MOK extract (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/mL) for 30 min and then stimulated with Con A (200 ng/mL) for the indicated times. Cell viability of the splenocytes was measured using an MTT assay. The mRNA expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines ($IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-4, IL-10, and Foxp3) and antioxidant enzymes (HO-1 and MnSOD) was measured by RT-PCR. Results : Addition of MOK extract at 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/mL in Con A-stimulated splenocytes significantly decreased the production of $IFN-{\gamma}$ and significantly increased the expression of IL-4, IL-10, and Foxp3 mRNA. MOK extract also increased the mRNA expression of HO-1 and MnSOD in splenocytes. Conclusion : MOK extract modulated the Th1/Th2 immune response via the regulation of cytokine levels in splenocytes and exerted an antioxidant effect via the upregulation of antioxidant proteins.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1993

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of gossypol injection spermatogenesis of mice. Gossypol was injected into the stroma of testes(TS) and the doses of gossypol injected were 5, 10 and 15mg per kg of body weights, respectively. The number of sperm and the weight of testes were gradually reduced(P<0.01) from 2 to 4 weeks after gossypol treatment in all groups of mice treated with gossypol, compared with the control group. The rates of malformation(loss of proacrosome, damage of midpiece and breaking of tail) of sperm were significantly(P<0.01) increased at 2 and 3 weeks after the injection of 10 or 15mg of gossypol. However, the weight of testes and the number of normal sperm were gradually increased and the malformation rate of sperm was decreased between 4 and 6 weeks after injection of 5mg of gossypol. The results of this experiment indicated that probably ireeversible suppression of spermatogenesis could be brought about easily and immediately by the single injection of gossypol into TS.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.279-283
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• 2008

To examine humoral immune responses in the host, we measured serum antibody levels in different strains of mice (ICR, BALB/c, and C3H) experimentally infected with Neodiplostomum seoulense. Specific IgG antibody levels were increased remarkably with little difference among 3 strains of mice infected with N. seoulense from day 7 to 35 post-infection. More target proteins of adult parasites reacted with IgG at the time when the worm recovery decreased compared with other times. More than 20 protein bands, from 14 kDa to 94 kDa in size, were separated from the crude antigen of N. seoulense adults by SDS-PAGE, and among them 26, 30, 35, 43, 54, 67, and 94 kDa proteins were the major antigenic proteins. The results suggest that significant IgG antibody responses occur against N. seoulense in mice and this may be related with expulsion of worms.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.76-84
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• 2016

Objectives: We evaluated the anti-fatigue effects of Rh2-enriched Korean ginseng (Ginseng Rh2+) using a forced exercise-induced chronic fatigue mouse model. Methods: ICR male mice were subjected to running wheel for 1 h, 5 days/week during 4 weeks, and running velocity was gradually increased. Each running session was followed by oral administration of distilled water, Ginseng Rh2+ (150 or 300 mg/kg), or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, 100 mg/kg) 1 h later. The exercise tolerance and forced swimming test were performed to evaluate the fatigue condition. Results: Chronic forced exercise reduced the physical activity, as evidenced by the behavioral tests, which were notably ameliorated by Ginseng Rh2+ treatment. Ginseng Rh2+ treatment also attenuated the alterations of energy metabolism and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle tissues and/or sera, including malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate concentration and its related factors (lactate dehydrogenase, blood urea nitrogen, and glucose levels). Conclusion: These findings strongly suggest that Ginseng Rh2+ exerts a potent anti-fatigue effect through modulation of energy metabolism and oxidative response.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.515-524
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• 1997

헤민과 메나디온 제한에 의한 Porphyromonas gingivalis(P. gingivalis) W50의 병독력의 변화를 검색하고자, 실험관내 병독력을 NIH 3T3 세포의 세포활성 변화로 관찰하였고, 생체내 병독력은 배양상청액을 ICR mouse 피하조직에 주사한 후의 염증반응을 관찰하였다. 헤민 존재 하에 배양한 P. gingivalis W50 배양상청액에 의한 mouse 3T3 세포의 세포활성은 헤민과 메나디온 없이 배양한 세포의 활성보다 낮았다. 헤민과 메나디온을 첨가하지 않고 배양한 세균의 생체내 병독력은 중등도의 염증세포 침윤과 울혈에 의한 출혈, 미약한 세포간질의 부종과 근육 파괴를 보였다. 메나디온 존재 하에서 배양한 세균은 미약한 염증세포의 침윤, 울혈에 의한 출혈 및 근육의 파괴가 관찰되었다. 헤민 존재하에서 중등도의 울혈에 의한 출혈, 미약한 세포간질의 부종, 염증세포의 침윤 및 근육파괴가 관찰되었다. 헤민과 메나디온 존재 하에서 배양한 세균은 심한 염증세포의 침윤과 중등도의 세포간질의 부종 및 울혈에 의한 출혈을 보였다. 이상의 연구 결과 P. gingivalis W50 배양 상층액의 병독력은 헤민에 의하여 영향을 받는 것으로 생각된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 1989

A mouse whole animal bioassay was employed to screen for potential mutagenicity of ethanol/water extracts of 16 Chinese herbal drugs that are commonly prescribed in Korea. Specific cytogenetic toxicity was measrured by recording evidence of clastogenesis toxicity was measured by recording evidence of clastogenesis via the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. Male ICR mice administered ethanol extract of Pinelliae tuber (Pinellia eternata Breitenbach, ARACEAE, 양복) and ddY female mice administered extract of Angelica Koreanae radix(Angelica Koreana Maximowicz, UMBELLIFERAE, ) (both by oral administration, at a dose of 600 mg/kg), in a short-term dosing schedule, demonstrated significant increase in micronucleated polychromatophilic erythrocytes, indicating the increase of clastogenicity.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.220-229
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• 2021

Lonicera caerulea (Honey berry, HB) has been used in medical treatment in Russia, Japan, China and Korea. It has high level of vitamin C and polyphenolics. Polyphenolics can improve anti-inflammatory effect and prevent cancer, diabetes mellitus type 2. Also, Vitamin C is a representative anti-oxidant. however, it is still unknown what effect it will have on the oxidation stress of the reproductive system. In previous studies, ROS can be produced when it is exposed to heat stress and has negative effect on sperm's maturation, capacitation, hyperactivation, acrosome reaction and fusion of egg and sperm. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the antioxidant effects of L. Caerulea on the sperm and mice. At first, it conducted using ICR mouse (n = 20) for 4 weeks. There are four groups of mice (n = 5 per group). Also, L. Caerulea was taken by oral gavage. Group I (control) kept at 23℃-27℃ and administer D.W (0.5 mL/day), Likewise, Group II (HB) kept at room temperature but gave HB (250 mg/kg, 0.5 mL/day), Group III (HB + HS) received heat stress (40℃) using hyperthermia induction chamber and gave HB at same dose. and Group IV (HS) exposed heat stress only. Mainly, we showed degree of gene expression using Western blot in SOD, HSP 70, 17β-HSD and Real-time PCR. It can find correlation between intracellular activity like steroid hormone, apoptosis under ROS and antioxidant activity of L. Caerulea.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.251-260
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• 2007

Purpose: An imbalance of cell proliferation and cell apoptosis is an important mechanism in carcinogenesis. Capase 3, survivin and p53 have been identified as important members of the apoptotic related proteins. This study evaluated the proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), apoptosis, apoptotic related protein such as capase 3, survivin and p53 using urethane-induced mouse lung carcinogenesis, which provides reproducible steps from hyperplasia to adenocarcinoma. Methods: Urethane was administered to the ICR mice through an intra-peritoneal injection, The mice were sacrificed at 5, 15, and 25 weeks after urethane intervention. The sequential morphological changes and immunohistochemical expression of PCNA, apoptosis, capase 3, survivin, and p53 were examined during mouse lung carcinogenesis. Results: During carcinogenesis, the sequential histological changes were observed from hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes, to anadenoma, and ultimately to an overt adenocarcinoma. The PCNA Labeling index (LI) was 9.6% in hyperplasia, 23.2% in adenoma, and 55.7% in adenocarcinoma, respectively. The apoptotic LI was 0.24% in hyperplasia, 1.25% in adenoma, and 5.27% in adenocarcinoma. A good correlation was observed between the PCNA LI and apoptotic LI. The expression of caspase 3 was remarkable- i.e., 46.7% in adenocarcinoma, in contrast to 15% in hyperplasia and 16% in adenoma. Survivin was detected weakly in the alveolar hyperplasia and showed an increasing expressional pattern in adenoma and adenocarcinoma. p53 expression was detected only in the adenocarcinoma lesions with an expression rate of 13.3%. The level of caspase 3 expression correlated with the increase in the apoptotic index. The positive expression of caspase 3 was associated with an increased apoptotic index. Conclusions: These results suggest that the PCNA LI and apoptotic LI might be useful markers for evaluating the risk of a malignant transformation. In addition, caspase, survivin and p53 might play a role in the early and late steges of urethane-induced mouse lung carcinogenesis.