• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.423-434
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• 1986

The role of macrophages in the resistance of ICR mice to Candida albicans and Salmonella typhimurium was assessed using silica, agent which selectively inactivates macrophages or poly-2-vinylpyridine-N-oxide(PVNO), a lysosomal stabilizing agent. In addition, effect of silica on humoral and cellular immune responses to sheep red blood cells(SRBC) or polyvinylpyroridone(PVP) was examind. Colonyforming units(CFU) of C. albicans or S. typhimurium in the spleen, livers and kidneys of silica-treated or diluent-treated mice were enumerated at various times after infection. Silica was given i. v. to mice at 4 days or 1 day before infection. Although there was no apparent differences in the number of CFU of C. albicans cultured from the spleens or livers of silica-treated and control mice at every assay period, significant differences in the number of CFU of C. albicans in the kidneys of silica-treated and control mice. Namely, silica given to mice 1 day before infection significantly increased the number of CFU of C. albicans in the kidneys at 2, 4 and 6 days after infection, but did not change the number of CFU at 8 days after infection. Silica given to mice at 4 days before infection significantly increased the number CFU in the kidneys at 2 and 4 days after infection, but rather decreased the number of CFU at 8 days after infection. The number of CFU of C. albians cultured from the kidneys of splenectomized which were experimentally infected mice was similar to the number recovered from sham-operated mice at 4 and 8 days postinfection irrespective of time of infection relative to operation. The pretreatment of mice with PVNO appeared to abrogate the silica-induced susceptibility of mice to C. albicans. PVNO alone showed somewhat protective effect against challenge with C. albicans. In contrast, silica treatment did not alter the number of CFU of S. typhimurium recovered from the spleens and kidneys of mice. The administration of silica to mice at 4 days or 1 day before SRBC immunization significantly suppressed delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH) reactions to SRBC and antibody production to SRBC, a thymus-dependent antigen and PVP, a thymus-independent antigen. These results provide evidence that macrophages play an important role in susceptibility to Candida infection and strongly demonstrated that macrophages play an essential role in the induction of immune responses in mice.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.760-765
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 PQ의 독성으로 유발된 산화적 스트레스에 대한 흑마늘 추출물의 항산화 활성 효과를 검정하여 건강기능식품으로써의 흑마늘 추출물 기능성을 알아보기 위해 흑마늘 추출물의 전자공여능을 측정하였으며 마우스를 이용하여 PQ 투여 전 5일, 투여 후 5일간 흑마늘 추출물을 경구투여한 후, PQ 독성에 의한 체중 변화 관찰과 혈중 간 기능 지표인 AST와 ALT값을 측정 하였다. 또한 간 조직에서 SOD, catalase의 활성과 GSH, MDA 함량 등을 측정하여 비교함으로써 흑마늘 추출물의 황산화 활성 성분이 PQ의 독성에 대한 회복 작용 그리고 지질과산화와의 상호 관련성을 검토하였다. 흑마늘 추출물의 투여는 간조직에서 항산화 효소인 SOD, catalase 활성을 유의적으로 증가 시켰다. 또한, 흑마늘 추출물은 자유라디컬에 의해 생성된 지질과 산화의 최종 산물인 MDA의 함량을 혈액과 간 조직에서 유의적으로 감소 시키는 효과를 보였으며, 산화적 스트레스에 의한 방어 작용을 하는 GSH 농도를 유의적으로 증가 시켰다. 이와 같이 흑마늘 추출물은 항산화 관련 효소의 활성도를 증가시키고 생체 내에서 내인성 항산화 물질의 합성능력을 강화 시킴으로써 산화적 스트레스로 인한 생체 손상에 대한 회복 작용을 향상 시킨다고 결론 내릴 수 있으며, 항산화 건강기능식품으로써의 기능성이 기대된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2002

Objective : The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different media on blastulation, mean cell number, percentage of inner cell mass (ICM) of total cells and ICM : trophectoderm (TE) ratio in mice. Materials and methods: A total 552 two cell embryos were retrieved from ICR female mice (4 weeks old) at 48 hr after hCG injection (mated just after hCG injection) and cultured in MEM (n=276) or TCM (n=276) supplemented with 20% hFF. The grading of blastocysts from zona-intact (ZiB) to -escape (hatching and hatched, ZeB) was performed at 72 hours after culture. Total, TE and ICM cell numbers were analyzed by differential staining of blastocyst. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test with SigmaPlot-2001. P-values < 0.05 were accepted as statistically significant. Results: The blastulation rate in MEM ($64.9{\pm}4.95%$) was significantly higher (p=0.0031) than that in TCM ($57.2{\pm}5.22%$). No differences were found in the number of ZiB and ZeB between MEM ($31.9{\pm}2.62$, $33.0{\pm}4.58%$), and TCM ($27.2{\pm}4.28$, $30.1{\pm}4.58%$). A total 314 blastocysts (MEM=166; TCM=148) were stained differentially. Mean cell number of blastocysts was significantly higher (p=0.0002) in TCM ($73.1{\pm}3.3$) than in MEM ($61.7{\pm}2.5$). Differential staining was successfully performed in 155 blastocysts (MEM=77; TCM=78). The percentage of ICM was significantly higher in MEM than in TCM ($20.9{\pm}1.3$ vs. $17.1{\pm}1.2%$, p=0.0281). The ICM : TE ratio was higher in TCM than in MEM (1 : $4.85{\pm}0.68$ vs. 1 : $3.78{\pm}0.78$, NS). Conclusion: These results show that MEM increase the blastocyst formation and percentage of ICM of total cells comparing with TCM in mice.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.386-396
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• 2005

The effects of spirulina-added salad dressing on lipid profiles and antioxidant biomarkers such as total glutathionine, TBARS value, carbonyl value, GPx, GR, SOD and paraoxonase activity in plasma or liver of mice were evaluated Sixteen male ICR mice weighing 20$\pm$2 g were divided into two groups and fed low fat ($5\%$ fat) diet (low fat control: LFC) and low fat control plus dressing diet (LFD) for eight weeks. Body weight, tissue weights of liver, heart and kidney, and the distribution of body fat deposition were not significantly different between two groups. Also, the profile of TG, TC, LDL and HDL cholesterol were similar between two groups. The DNA damage was determined using the comet assay (single cell gel assay) with alkaline electrophoresis and quantified by measuring tail length (TL). Spirulina salad dressing consumption resulted in significant decrease in lymphocyte DNA damage expressed by TL (LFC: $28.8{\mu}m$, LFD: $20.3{\mu}m$). Additionally, salad dressing consumption for 8 wks decreased the lipid peroxidation assayed by TBARS to $12.6\%$ compared with the control. The levels of antioxidant vitamins such as $\beta$-carotene were significantly higher in plasma of LFD group than those in LFC group based on HPLC method This study shows that spirulina-added salad dressing exerts degenerative disease-protective effects on oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation possibly via a free radical levels.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.702-708
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• 1998

연구는 버섯을 이용한 기능성식품 개발 및 버섯가공 산업 육성에 기초자료를 제공하고자 표고버섯 및 느타리버섯 자실체, 균사체 및 폐상의 조단백다당체 분말을 0, 5, 25 mg/kg 농도로 생리식염수에 용해시켜 마우스(DBA/2와 ICR)에 주사하여 i) 백혈병$(L_{1210})$, 간암$(H_{22}),\;mouser{\;}sarcoma180\;(S_{180})$에 대한 항암효과, ii) 면역기전에 관련된 장기중량변화, 용혈반 형성 세포수 변화 등 조단백다당이 면역에 미치는 영향, 그리고 in vitro 세포독성실험을 수행하였다. 본 실험에서 사용한 모든 조단백다당류는 백혈병에 대해 항암효과를 보였는데 그 중 표고버섯자실체 25 mg/kg 처리구가 가장 높은 저지율(86%)을 보였다. 간암$(H_{22})$에 대한 항암효과는 표고버섯균사체 5 mg/kg 처리구를 제외하고 모든 처리구에서 저지효과를 보였는데, 그 중 느타리버섯 폐상 25 mg/kg 처리구가 가장 높은 저지율(87.6%)을 보였으며, 다음은 표고버섯자실체 25 mg/kg 처리구(71%)였다. Sarcoma180에 대한 항암효과는 표고버섯균사체와 자실체 25 mg/kg 처리구에서 각각 30.9,와 33.9%의 저지율을 보였다. In vitro 세포독성검사에서 각 시료의 최종농도 $50,\;100,\;200,\;400\;{\mu}g/{\mu}L$에서 $L_{1210}$에 대한 유의적 세포사망률은 보이지 않았다. 면역효과 실험에서 간장과 비장중량은 농도증가에 따라 증가하는 추세이나 현저한 차이는 없었다. 표고버섯균사체와 자실체 처리시 항체생성능력을 지닌 용혈반 형성 세포수는 대조군에 비해 현저히 높게 나타났다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2000

Objective: Mammalian embryos undergo changes of energy environment for transfer from oviduct to uterus. Also, the human reproductive organ (oviduct, uterus) contains energy sources of different concentration (oviduct - glucose: 0.5 mM, pyruvate: 0.32 mM, lactate: 10.5 mM; uterus - goucose: 3.15 mM, pyruvate: 0.1mM, lactate: 5.87 mM, respectively). This study was conducted to examine the effect of these energy sources added in DMEM with glutamine on the mouse embryo development. Methods: There was used ICR female mouse. Two cell embryos of mouse are collected by method of 'flushing'. Flushing fluid was used Ham's F-10 added to 20% FBS. The collected 2 cell embryos were cultured in media such as Control (only DMEM), group A and B (DMEM supplemented with 0.5 mM and 3.15 mM glucose), and group C and D (DMEM supplemented with 0.1 mM and 0.32 mM pyruvate), and group E and F (DMEM supplemented with 5.87 mM and 10.5 mM lactate). All experimental media supplemented with 20% hFF, respectively. Pattern of embryo development was observed to interval at 24hr during 96hr. Results : The media with glutamine added glucose (group A: 51.0%; group B: 48.4%) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than other experimental group in development into the morula stage after 24 hr in culture, but not significantly different compared with control and the rate of development into the blastocyst was significantly (p<0.05) low in the both of pyruvate (group C: 7.9% group D: 6.8%) and lactate (group E: 7.1%, group F: 7.1%) treatment group after 48 hr in culture. Development into the blastocyst and hatched balstocyst after 72 hr in culture revealed similarly in control (81.9%) and glucose treatment group (group A: 83.3%, group B: 82.8%). However, development into the hatched and attached blastocyst after 96hr in culture revealed significantly (p<0.05) development in the glucose treatment group (group A: 82.3%, group B: 78.5%) than control (63.2%), and its of pyruvate (group C: 34.1%, group D: 34.1%) and lactate (group E: 25.9%, group F: 33.3%) treatment group were significantly (p<0.05) lower than control similar to previous observations. Conclusion : The glucose added to the DMEM with only glutamine, as energy source, was highly to the rate of development compared with control, but the other energy sources were not, synthetically. Above refer to, the human reproductive organ (oviduct, uterus) contains energy sources of different concentration. Thus, further studies are will examine continuously to effects by interaction of different energy sources in the mouse embryo development, and these results will provide to foundation on the human embryo culture.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2002

방사선 생체 손상에 대한 방호 효과를 나타내는 천연물을 검색하기 위한 일환으로 한의학에서 보혈양혈 탕제에 널리 사용되는 백작약 (Paeonia japonica)을 열수총추출물, 에탄올분획, 조다당분획으로 나누어 방사선에 의한 산화적 손상 경감 효과를 검정하였다. 사람 림프구에서 단세포전기영동 (single cell gel electrophoresis; comet assay)을 수행하여 DNA 손상 경감정도를 관찰하였으며, 마우스에 백작약 추출물을 투여한 다음 8 Gy의 감마선을 조사한 후 간에서 지질과산화 정도를 살펴보았다. 에탄올분획 처리군에서 높은 DNA 손상 경감효과를 확인할 수 있었으며, 지질과산화 억제작용 및 라디칼 소거효과 또한 에탄올분획이 높은 효과를 나타내어 에탄올분획이 방사선 방호에 주된 역할을 하는 것으로 사료된다. 이상의 결과로 보아 백작약은 방사선의 산화절 손상에 대하여 효과적으로 세포 DNA를 방호하고, 생체막의 주성분인 지질의 과산화를 억제하는 것으로 관찰되어 특히, 독성이 거의 없는 천연물이라는 관점에서 방사선 방호제로 적용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2015

Objectives : Gastric lesions affect many people around the world and their development are results of the imbalance between destructive and protective factors in the gastric mucosa. Lycium chinense has been widely used as a traditional Korean medicine, it was recently reported that they have potent anti-inflammatory effects in chronic hepatitis models. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Lycium chinense extract (LCE) on HCl-Ethanol induced gastric lesion mice.Methods : The ICR mice were divided randomly into five groups of six animals each. Group A was normal mice, and group B was treated orally with 0.5 ml 150 mM HCl-60% Ethanol. Mice in group C and D were pre-treatment of LCE (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg bodyweight, p.o before HCl/ethanol treatment) and group E was orally administered sucralfate (10 mg/kg).Results : 150mM HCl/60% ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury mice were ameliorated mucosal damage upon histological evaluation by treatment of LCE. Pre-treatment of LCE attenuated reactive oxidative species (ROS) and produces peroxynitrite (ONOO^-) in stomach tissues. As results of stomach protein analyses, LCE effectively reduce inflammatory-related factors such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in gastric lesion mice. In addition, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and inhibitor of phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (p-IκB) were down-regulated in LCE-administrated gastric lesion mice.Conclusions : Our discovery supports that the therapeutic activity of LCE ameliorate the development of gastric lesion via suppressing the oxidative stress and gastric partial inflammation induced by 150 mM HCl/60% ethanol.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2005

백삼과 홍삼 추출물이 APAP에 의한 산화적 급성 간손상에 대한 보호효과를 마우스를 대상으로 검토한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 백삼과 홍삼 추출물의 간장보호 활성에 관한 기전을 규명하고자 항산화효소인 SOD, CAT의 활성도는 APAP를 복강 주사한 실험군에서 대조군에 비해 효소활성이 감소하였고, 백삼과 홍삼추출물을 전처리한 실험군에서는 APAP군에 비해 효소 활성도가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 2. 지질과산화물의 함량은 APAP를 복강 주사한 실험군이 대조군에 비해 유의성 있게 증가하였고 백삼과 홍삼 추출물을 전처리한 실험군에서는 APAP군에 비해 지질과산화물의 생성을 유의성 있게 억제하였다. 3. 백삼과 홍삼 추출물의 투여량을 각각 50mg/kg, 250mg/kg으로 최대 5일간 전처리하여 APAP의 급성 간손상에 대한 보호효과를 조사한 결과 인삼 추출물의 투여량에는 크게 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 보였다. 따라서 백삼과 홍삼 추출물은 APAP의 활성 대사체에 의한 급성 산화적 간손상을 억제하였으며, 이는 인삼 추출물 성분이 항산화 효소와 항산화물질로 구성된 항산화 방어 체계를 통한 것임을 알 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 백삼과 홍삼 추출물이 간장 보호제로서의 개발 가능성이 있으며, APAP중독에 매우 효과적인 치료제로서 임상에서 활용될 수 있다고 생각된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.921-927
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• 2016

식후 고혈당은 제2형 당뇨병 초기 진단과 항당뇨병의 중요한 바이오마커 중 하나이다. α-글루코시다아제 억제제는 소장에서 탄수화물 소화의 속도를 방해함으로써 식후 고혈당을 조절한다. 본 연구에서는 오디열매추출물이 α-글루코시다아제와 α-아밀라아제에 미치는 억제효과 및 스트렙토조토신(STZ)이 유발하는 당뇨병 생쥐의 식후고혈당에 미치는 완화 효과를 조사하였다. α-글루코시다아제와 α-아밀라아제에 대한 오디열매추출물(MFE)의 IC₅₀ 값은 각각 0.16과 0.14 mg/ml의 결과값을 나타내어, 양성대조군인 acarbose보다 더 효과적이었다. STZ으로 유발된 당뇨병 흰쥐의 식후 혈당 수치는 정상 대조군에 비해 오디열매추출물에서 유의적으로 더 낮았다. 더욱이, 오디열매추출물 투여는 당뇨병 흰쥐에서 포도당 반응에 대한 곡선하면적 감소와 관련이 있었다. 결론적으로, 오디열매추출물은 α-글루코시다아제와 α-아밀라아제 활성의 강력한 억제제이며 식후 고혈당을 완화할 수 있다는 내용이다. 따라서 오디열매추출물은 당뇨병 치료제 및 기능성식품의 소재로 가치가 높다고 사료된다.