• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2014

국내산 포도주의 품질 개선을 위한 발효 방법으로 국내산 포도 Muscat Bailey A를 동결건조기를 이용하여 인공적으로 당분을 농축시키고 이를 발효하여 아이스와인을 제조하였으며 시중 아이스와인과 같이 환원당이 많이 잔존하면서 알코올 도수는 $10{\pm}5%$ 내외로 발효를 종료해 일반적으로 제조한 포도주와 비교하여 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 일반적 아이스와인 기준과 유사한 포도즙(must) 당도 $34.8^{\circ}Bx$와, 보당에 따른 포도주 발효에서 정상 발효될 수 있는 한계점으로 생각된 포도즙 당도 $40.8^{\circ}Bx$로 포도를 동결건조한 후 포도주를 제조하였으며, 포도주 발효 과정 중에 발효특성을 알코올, 당도, 환원당 함량과 pH, 총산, 효모생균수, 포도주 생산량을 측정해 보았는데, ice wine $34^{\circ}Bx$와 ice wine $40^{\circ}Bx$는 농축된 당, 산으로 인해 발효가 종료되었을 때 잔존하는 환원당은 대조구가 0.3%인 반면 ice wine $34^{\circ}Bx$와 ice wine $40^{\circ}Bx$는 각각 21.5%와 23.9%를 나타내었다. 또한 알코올 함량은 대조구 9.6%에 비해 각각 10.3%와 10.6%를 나타냈으며, 총산 함량이 높았고 정상발효가 일어났음을 확인할 수 있었다. 유리당, 유기산 조성을 보아도 아이스와인의 경우가 발효전후에 함량이 높게 나왔으며, 총 페놀함량도 468 mg/L인 대조구와 비교하여 ice wine $34^{\circ}Bx$와 ice wine $40^{\circ}Bx$는 각각 1,304, 1,350 mg/L로 높아 건강기능적인 측면에서도 우수함을 알 수 있었다. 메탄올, 알데히드함량은 식품공전의 기준치를 넘지 않았으며, 농축되어 진한 색을 띈 ice wine $34^{\circ}Bx$와 ice wine $40^{\circ}Bx$는 520 nm 흡광도에서 높았으며, 이는 색도 L, a, b 값을 통해서도 확인하였다. 시중 판매되는 레드 아이스와인인 Pinot Noir ice wine과 sweet wine인 Concord 품종 와인을 포함하여 5가지 포도주의 색, 향, 단맛, 종합적 기호도를 조사한 결과 환원당이 가장 높은 Pinot Noir ice wine이 단맛에서 강도가 가장 높았고, ice wine $34^{\circ}Bx$와 ice wine $40^{\circ}Bx$가 색, 향, 종합적 기호도에서 우수함을 알 수 있었다. 전체적인 기호도에서는 색, 향이 우수하면서도 적당한 단맛을 가진 ice wine $34^{\circ}Bx$가 가장 우수한 기호도를 보였다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2013

The icebreaking research vessel ARAON conducted her second ice trial in the Arctic Ocean during the summer season of 2010. During this voyage, the local ice loads acting on the bow of the port side were measured using 14 strain gauges. The measurement was carried out during icebreaking while measuring the thickness of the ice every 10 m. The obtained strain data were converted to the equivalent stress values, and the effects of the ship speed and ice thickness on the ice load were investigated. As a result, it was found that a faster speed produced a larger stress, according to the variation in the peak values below an ice thickness condition of 1.5 m. Meanwhile, the effect of the ice thickness on the ice load was not clear.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.153-158
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• 1996

The purpose of this work is to find the medical treatment for the prevention of soft tissue injuries, such as soreness, swelling, and muscular tension through ice bandage, ice application, and ice pack. The research findings have been found in H university athletes of 615 : they are 1) among these, ice bandage treatment is the most successful remedy for soreness, swelling, and muscular tension; 2) ice application alleviate $40%{\sim}47%$ of soreness, but its application to swelling does not work satisfactorily; 3) ice pack to soreness and swelling can not be seen remarkable curing results and it's treatment to muscular tention reveals relatively well'and 4) ice bandage application will be widely used for easement of soreness, swelling, and muscular tention. From this work, it can be said that medical personnel should be prepared for ice bandage kit, for the athletes for the curing medication and for the enhancement of their competition.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1997

The interaction of ground ice features with underlying seabed is one of the major considerations in the design of Arctic pipeline systems. Regarding the development of offshore gas field near Sakhalin Island, which is an ice-infested area, in this paper an ice scour model to determine the burial depth of Arctic offshore pipeline is studied. Using a simplified ice-seabed interaction process, ice scour depth is easily estimated. This nonlinear numerical model can simulate the scouring process for various enviromental parameters such as ice mass, incoming velocity, soil strength. This study also deals with interaction forces during the scouring process in sloping seabed conditions and discusses the ice loads that are transmitted through the seabed soil.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 1995

Melting characteristics of unrestrained liquid ice in a rectangular vessel with heated top wall were investigated experimentally. The liquid ice, a mixture of ice particles and ethylene-glycol aqueous solution, was adopted as a testing material. During the melting process the liquid ice was drawn by buoyancy to the heated top wall of the rectangular vessel where close-contact melting occured. The melting behavior and melting rate of the liquid ice as well as local/mean heat-transfer coefficient at the heated top wall were observed and measured under a variety of conditions of heat flux and various initial concentration of the aqueous binary solution. It was found that the heat transfer of the heated top wall is remarkably promoted by the close-contact melting, and that the dendritic frozen layer at the lower interface of the liquid ice is formed. Photographic evidence demonstrated that plumes containing solute-rich liquid issued from isolated chimneys within the liquid ice layer where segregation of interstitial channel took place.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.136-146
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• 2021

This paper aims to numerically estimate the dynamic ice load on a conical structure. The Discrete Element Method (DEM) is employed to model the level ice as the assembly of numerous spherical particles. To mimic the realistic fracture mechanism of ice, the parallel bonding method is introduced. Cases with four different ice drifting velocities are considered in time domain. For validation, the statistics of time-varying ice forces and their frequencies obtained by numerical simulations are extensively compared against the physical model-test results. Ice properties are directly adopted from the targeted experimental test set up. The additional parameters for DEM simulations are systematically determined by a numerical three-point bending test. The findings reveal that the numerical simulation estimates the dynamic ice force in a reasonably acceptable range and its results agree well with experimental data.

• 천문학논총
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.177-179
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• 2012

We present Spitzer IRS spectroscopy of $CO_2$ ice toward 19 young stellar objects (YSOs) with luminosity lower than $1L_{\odot}$. Pure $CO_2$ ice forms only at elevated temperatures, T > 20 K, and thus at higher luminosities. Current internal luminosities of YSOs with L < $1L_{\odot}$ do not provide such conditions out to radii of typical envelopes. Significant amounts of pure $CO_2$ ice would signify a higher past luminosity. We analyze $15.2{\mu}m$ $CO_2$ ice bending mode absorption lines in comparison to the laboratory data. We decompose pure $CO_2$ ice from 12 out of 19 young low luminosity sources. The presence of the pure $CO_2$ ice component indicates high dust temperature and hence high luminosity in the past. The sum of all the ice components (total $CO_2$ ice amount) can be explained by a long period of low luminosity stage between episodic accretion bursts as predicted in an episodic accretion scenario. Chemical modeling shows that the episodic accretion scenario explains the observed total $CO_2$ ice amount best.

• 한국인공지능학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

In this paper, we propose a black ice detection platform framework using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). To overcome black ice problem, we introduce a real-time based early warning platform using CNN-based architecture, and furthermore, in order to enhance the accuracy of black ice detection, we apply a multi-scale dilation convolution feature fusion (MsDC-FF) technique. Then, we establish a specialized experimental platform by using a comprehensive dataset of thermal road black ice images for a training and evaluation purpose. Experimental results of a real-time black ice detection platform show the better performance of our proposed network model compared to conventional image segmentation models. Our proposed platform have achieved real-time segmentation of road black ice areas by deploying a road black ice area segmentation network on the edge device Jetson Nano devices. This approach in parallel using multi-scale dilated convolutions with different dilation rates had faster segmentation speeds due to its smaller model parameters. The proposed MsCD-FF Net(2) model had the fastest segmentation speed at 5.53 frame per second (FPS). Thereby encouraging safe driving for motorists and providing decision support for road surface management in the road traffic monitoring department.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.719-731
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• 2011

국립해양조사원 39개소 조위관측소의 후빙기조륙운동(Glacial Isostatic Adjustment, GIA)에 의한 지각변동 속도를 ICE-3G와 ICE-5G 모델로 예측하였다. 또한 위도 $32^{\circ}-38.5^{\circ}N$, 경도 $124^{\circ}-132^{\circ}E$ 범위의 한반도 지역을 $0.5^{\circ}{\times}0.5^{\circ}$ 격자로 분할하고 각 격자점에서의 GIA 지각변동 속도를 계산하였다. 그 결과 ICE-3G 모델의 경우 한반도 GIA 수직 지각변동은 평균 0.33 mm/yr이고, ICE-5G 모델의 경우 평균 1.21 mm/yr의 속도로 지각변위가 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 최신 Ice model인 ICE-5G 모델을 사용할 경우 한반도에서도 약 1 mm/yr 이상의 비교적 높은 GIA 수직 지각변동이 발생하므로 절대해수면 변동을 산정하기 위해서 GIA에 의한 수직변위를 보정해야 함을 확인하였다. 따라서 국립해양조사원에서 제공하는 13개 조위관측소의 상대해수면 변동률에서 ICE-5G 모델에 의한 GIA 지각변동 속도를 보정하여 절대해수면 변동률을 결정하였다. 절대해수면 상승속도를 분석한 결과 GIA 지각변동 속도를 보정한 절대해수면 변동률은 한반도 해역에서 평균 5.04 mm/yr의 상승속도를 나타냈으며, 제주 해역은 평균 8.84 mm/yr로 다른 해역보다 높은 이상 상승률을 나타냈다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2002

We investigated the distribution of sea ice using Topex/Poseidon (T/P) and ERS-1 .ada. altimeter data in the northwest Weddell Sea, Antarctica, between the area $45-75^{\circ}W\;and\;55-66^{\circ}S$. Using the Geo_Bad_1 flag of the Merged GDR of the T/P, we classified the surface into ocean, land, and sea. Total 257 cycles of altimeter measurements between Oct. 1992 and Sep. 1999 (for nearly 2570 days) were used to analyze the distribution of the Antarctic sea ice. We then calculated the surface area of ice coverage using SUTM20 map projection to monitor the periodic variations. Each year, the maximum and minimum coverage of the sea ice were found in late August and February in the study area, respectively. We also studied the sea ice distribution using ERS-1 altimeter data between $45-75^{\circ}W\;and\;55-81.5^{\circ}S$ to compare with the T/P Using the Valid/Invalid flag of the Ocean Product, we analyzed the sea ice distribution between March and August of 1995, which showed very good coherence with the T/P measurements. Our preliminary results showed that the altimeter measurements can be effectively used to monitor the distribution of the sea ice in the polar region. However, the size of radar footprint, typically 2-6km depending on the roughness of the sea surface, may be too big to monitor the sharp boundary between ice and water/land. If more other altimeter mission data with dense coverage such as Geosat GM are analyzed together, this limitation can be significantly improved. If we also combine other microwave remote sensing data such as radiometer, and SSM/I, the result will be significantly enhanced.