• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.195-200
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of National Health Insurance claim data and to construct a pilot medical episode data considering it. In this study, the trends of respiratory disease (ICD10: J00-J99) cardiovascular disease (ICD10: I00-I99) from the day of onset of treatment to re-admission after admission were confirmed in Seoul, and the largest decrease was observed when the no-treatment period was 0 day. The data reduction rate when the no-treatment period is 0 day is judged to be due to the monthly separation claim of the health insurance claim data. Also, the result that there is a tendency of monthly separation request according to the type of medical treatment. Through this study, we constructed epidemic data for the pilot medical treatment considering the characteristics of the claim data of health insurance, and based on this, it can be used as a data processing method for calculating basic epidemiological information.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.107-120
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• 2020

Since the revision of the ICD-11 of the WHO, the level of social discourse on internet game use disorders has been increasing. However, existing studies have mixed terms and causal relationships with game use disorder or game addiction. This study was conducted with high school students aged 16 to 18, focusing on internet game addiction. As a result of the analysis, the greater the obstacles to daily life and self-regulation, the higher the risk of falling into internet game addiction. This study has a significance in reestablishing the causal relationship of Internet game addiction.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.199-204
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• 2011

Ephrin signaling is involved in various morphogenetic events, such as axon guidance, hindbrain segmentation, and angiogenesis. We conducted a yeast two-hybrid screen using the intracellular domain (ICD) of EphrinB1 to gain biochemical insight into the function of the EphrinB1 ICD. We identified the transcriptional co-repressor xTLE1/Groucho as an EphrinB1 interacting protein. Whole-mount in situ hybridization of Xenopus embryos confirmed the co-localization of EphrinB1 and a Xenopus counterpart to TLE1, xTLE4, during various stages of development. The EphrinB1/xTLE4 interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Further characterization of the interaction revealed that the carboxy-terminal PDZ binding motif of EphrinB1 and the SP domain of xTLE4 are required for binding. Additionally, phosphorylation of EphrinB1 by a constitutively activated fibroblast growth factor receptor resulted in loss of the interaction, suggesting that the interaction is modulated by tyrosine phosphorylation of the EphrinB1 ICD.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.91-106
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• 2021

This study examined how news has covered games since the decision to include gaming disorder in ICD-11. Data were 694 news article on games in five major newspapers. The results indicated the following: While the proportion of reports on game industry was high, those reports were mainly straight news announcing industry status and corporate management status. Reports on game policy focused on regulations, particularly game addiction or disorder. Reports on game uses and effects showed very low rates, but they have followed the existing practices of reporting games as the cause of extreme crimes and deviant behaviors.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.135-146
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• 2019

World Health Organization reveals its plan for listing 'Gaming Disorder' on the 11th International Disease Codes (ICD-11) in 2018 and it opens hot debate among scholars on its validity and timeliness. Korea, however, seems to have avoided the issue without appropriate academic refutation. In this paper, we review past academic studies related to game addiction or disorder focused on their validity of disorder measurement tools, research designs and the effect of neuroimaging studies. This analysis reveals that excessive use of gaming is not sufficient to register it as a disease and there is a risk of stigmatizing healthy gamers.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Reports
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.57-59
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• 2021

Carcinoid tumor is called as neuroendocrine tumor and is classified into neuroendocrine tumor Grade 1, neuroendocrine tumor Grade 2, and neuroendocrine carcinoma based on the differentiation of tumors. Recently, the incidence of rectal carcinoid tumor has been increasing probably due to the increased interest on screening colonoscopy and the advancement of endoscopic imaging technology. As the rectal carcinoid shows a wide range of clinical characteristics such as metastasis and long-term prognosis depending on the size and histologic features, it is a challenge to give a consistent diagnostic code in patients with the rectal carcinoid. If the rectal carcinoid tumor is less than 1 cm in size, it can be given as the code of definite malignancy or the code of uncertain malignant potential according to International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) by World Health Organization (WHO). Because patients get different amount of benefit from the insurance company based on different diagnostic codes, this inconsistent coding system has caused a significant confusion in the clinical practice. In 2019, WHO updated ICD-O and Statistics Korea subsequently changed Korean Standard Classification of Diseases (KCD) including the code of rectal carcinoid tumors. This review will summarize what has been changed in recent ICD-O and KCD system regarding the rectal carcinoid tumor and surmise its clinical implication.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2023

Andersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS) is a rare genetic disease characterized by a triad of episodic flaccid muscle weakness, ventricular arrhythmias, and physical anomalies. ATS patients have various cardiac arrhythmias that can cause sudden death. Implantation of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is required when life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias do not respond to medical treatment. An 11-year-old girl underwent surgery for an ICD implantation. For general anesthesia in ATS patients, anesthesiologists should focus on the potentially difficult airway, serious cardiac arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia (VT), and delayed recovery from neuromuscular blockade. We followed the difficult airway algorithm, avoided drugs that can precipitate QT prolongation and fatal cardiac arrhythmias, and tried to maintain normoxia, normocarbia, normothermia, normoglycemia, and pain control for prevention of sympathetic stimulation. We report the successful application of general anesthesia for ICD implantation in a pediatric patient with ATS and recurrent VT.

• BMB Reports
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.275-286
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• 2023

Cancer immunotherapy has been acknowledged as a new paradigm for cancer treatment, with notable therapeutic effects on certain cancer types. Despite their significant potential, clinical studies over the past decade have revealed that cancer immunotherapy has low response rates in the majority of solid tumors. One of the key causes for poor responses is known to be the relatively low immunogenicity of solid tumors. Because most solid tumors are immune desert 'cold tumors' with antitumor immunity blocked from the onset of innate immunity, combination therapies that combine validated T-based therapies with approaches that can increase tumor-immunogenicity are being considered as relevant therapeutic options. This review paper focuses on immunogenic cell death (ICD) as a way of enhancing immunogenicity in tumor tissues. We will thoroughly review how ICDs such as necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis can improve anti-tumor immunity and outline clinical trials targeting ICD. Finally, we will discuss the potential of ICD inducers as an adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.1-16
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• 2016

In today's knowledge-based economy, measurement and disclosure (M&D) of intellectual capital (IC) are crucial for enhancing business performance and competitiveness. In the global world, M&D of IC are useful means to keep investors well-informed and reduce information asymmetry. At present, very few leading corporations in India have disclosed IC information on a 'voluntary' basis. Traditional accounting practices, therefore, will need to assimilate innovations that seek to meaningfully represent the 'true-value' of the intangible assets of the company. This is an exploratory study of IC M&D by 8 Indian companies over 5-year period, using 'content' analysis and market-value-added (MVA) as research methodologies. The annual reports of companies were collected from their respective websites. As part of present study, various statistical techniques have been used to analyze the data. The findings show that the sample companies, on an average, reported a positive value of IC, along with wide-disparity, low-level of ICD. Unfortunately, the omission of IC information may adversely influence the quality of decisions made by shareholders, or lead to material misstatements. Finally, we recommend to "the international accounting bodies, to take the lead by establishing a harmonized ICD standard, and provide guidance to the big listed-companies for proper measurement and disclosure of IC, both for internal and external users."

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the magnitude of and the factors associated with the downward mobility of first-episode psychiatric patients. Methods: This study used the claims data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. The study population included 19 293 first-episode psychiatric inpatients diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision [ICD-10] code F10), schizophrenia and related disorders (ICD-10 codes F20-F29), and mood disorders (ICD-10 codes F30-F33) in the first half of 2005. This study included only National Health Insurance beneficiaries in 2005. The dependent variable was the occurrence of downward mobility, which was defined as a health insurance status change from National Health Insurance to Medical Aid. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with downward drift of first-episode psychiatric patients. Results: About 10% of the study population who were National Health Insurance beneficiaries in 2005 became Medical Aid recipients in 2007. The logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender, primary diagnosis, type of hospital at first admission, regular use of outpatient clinic, and long-term hospitalization are significant predictors in determining downward drift in newly diagnosed psychiatric patients. Conclusions: This research showed that the downward mobility of psychiatric patients is affected by long-term hospitalization and medical care utilization. The findings suggest that early intensive intervention might reduce long-term hospitalization and the downward mobility of psychiatric patients.