• Toxicological Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.225-230
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• 2016

Zingiber officinale Roscoe has been widely used as a folk medicine to treat various diseases, including cancer. This study aims to re-examine the therapeutic potential of co-administration of natural products and cancer chemotherapeutics. Candidate material for this project, ${\alpha}$-zingiberene, was extracted from Zingiber officinale Roscoe, and ${\alpha}$-zingiberene makes up $35.02{\pm}0.30%$ of its total essential oil. ${\alpha}$-Zingiberene showed low $IC_{50}$ values, $60.6{\pm}3.6$, $46.2{\pm}0.6$, $172.0{\pm}6.6$, $80.3{\pm}6.6$ (${\mu}g/mL$) in HeLa, SiHa, MCF-7 and HL-60 cells each. These values are a little bit higher than $IC_{50}$ values of general essential oil in those cells. The treatment of ${\alpha}$-zingiberene produced nucleosomal DNA fragmentation in SiHa cells, and the percentage of sub-diploid cells increased in a concentration-dependent manner in SiHa cells, hallmark features of apoptosis. Mitochondrial cytochrome c activation and an in vitro caspase-3 activity assay demonstrated that the activation of caspases accompanies the apoptotic effect of ${\alpha}$-zingiberene, which mediates cell death. These results suggest that the apoptotic effect of ${\alpha}$-zingiberene on SiHa cells may converge caspase-3 activation through the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into cytoplasm. It is considered that anti-proliferative effect of ${\alpha}$-zingiberene is a result of apoptotic effects, and ${\alpha}$-zingiberene is worth furthermore study to develop it as cancer chemotherapeutics.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.82-88
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• 2007

From the EtOAc fraction of Eugenia caryophyllata, four compounds were isolated through activity-guided silica gel column chromatography, From the result of spectroscopic data including NMR, MS and IR, the chemical structures of the compounds were determined as 1-allyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybezene acetate (eugenol acetate, 1), 1-allyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybezene (eugenol, 2), $3{\beta}-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic$ acid (oleanolic acid, 3) and $2{\alpha}$, $3{\beta}-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic$ acid (maslinic acid, 4). Compounds 3 and 4 were isolated for the first time from this plant. Also, compounds 1, 2 and 3 exhibited relatively high platelet aggregation inhibitory activity with the $IC_{50}$ values of 0.24, 0.09 and 0.07 mM, respectively. Compound 2 significantly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) with the value of $124{\pm}11.2$ seconds as compared to the control with the value of $37.5{\pm}2.2$ seconds at the concentration of 50 ${\mu}g/ml$. Compounds 1 and 3 revealed inhibitory activity on farnesyl protein transferase (FPTase) with the $IC_{50}$ values of 0.49 and 0.24 mM and compounds 1 and 2 highly inhibited the growth of rat-H-ras cells with the $Gl_{50}$ values of 6.63 and 5.70 ${\mu}M$, respectively.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.92-99
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• 2005

Asclepias curassavica. Linn, an erect, simple (or) much branched perennial herb with a somewhat woody base, belonging to the family Asclepiadaceae. It has been reported to have multiple pharmacological effect of anti-inflammatory, cardiotonic, anticancer, anthelmintic and to treat piles and gonorrhoea. It is to be expected that several activities might be related to a possible antioxidant action from this plant. The hydro alcoholic extract of Asclepias curassavica was tested in vitro for its antioxidant activities, such as DPPH radical, nitric oxide radical, superoxide anion radical, lipid peroxidation assay, hydroxyl radical, reducing power, and total phenol content. The extract exhibited scavenging potential with $IC_{50}$ value of $8.7\;{\mu}g/ml,\;198.4\;{\mu}g/ml\;and\;21.7\;{\mu}g/ml$ for DPPH, nitric oxide and superoxide anion radicals. The values were found to higher than those of Vitamin-C, rutin, and curcumin, as standards. The extract showed 50% protection at the dose of $134.2\;{\mu}g/ml\;and\;41.4\;{\mu}g/ml$ in lipid peroxidation as well as deoxyribose degradation, those values more to that of standard, vitamin E $(IC50\;values,\;119.2\;{\mu}g/ml\;and\;32.5\;{\mu}g/ml,\;respectively)$. The reducing power of the extract depends on the concentration and amount of extract. Since a significant amount of polyphenol could be detected by the equivalent to $0.0495\;{\mu}g$ of pyrocatechol from 1 mg of extract. It can be concluded that hydro alcoholic extract of aerial part of Asclepias curassavica could be considered as potent antioxidant, which makes it suitable for the prevention of human disease.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2015

Plants used for traditional medicine contain a wide range of substances that can be used to treat various diseases such as infectious diseases. The present study was designed to evaluate the antileishmanial effects of the essential oil and methanolic extract of Myrtus communis against Leishmania tropica on an in vitro model. Antileishmanial effects of essential oil and methanolic extract of M. communis on promastigote forms and their cytotoxic activities against J774 cells were evaluated using MTT assay for 72 hr. In addition, their leishmanicidal activity against amastigote forms was determined in a macrophage model, for 72 hr. Findings showed that the main components of essential oil were ${\alpha}$-pinene (24.7%), 1,8-cineole (19.6%), and linalool (12.6%). Findings demonstrated that M. communis, particularly its essential oil, significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the growth rate of promastigote and amastigote forms of L. tropica based on a dose-dependent response. The $IC_{50}$ values for essential oil and methanolic extract was 8.4 and $28.9{\mu}g/ml$ against promastigotes, respectively. These values were 11.6 and $40.8{\mu}g/ml$ against amastigote forms, respectively. Glucantime as control drug also revealed $IC_{50}$ values of 88.3 and $44.6{\mu}g/ml$ for promastigotes and amastigotes of L. tropica, respectively. The in vitro assay demonstrated no significant cytotoxicity in J774 cells. However, essential oil indicated a more cytotoxic effect as compared with the methanolic extract of M. communis. The findings of the present study demonstrated that M. communis might be a natural source for production of a new leishmanicidal agent.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.27-55
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• 1999

The excavation works for deep foundation in urban areas have recently increased complaints of blasting vibration and settlement of ground level. Foundation must be excavated approximately up to 24-28m depths from the surface. The roads and subway line pass through the excavation area. The Dae-chung station is also located at the nearest distance 5-35m from the working site. To protect subway station and adjacient some structures from blasting and settlement, the level of ground vibration, displacements and stress were monitored and analyzed. The results can be summarized as follows ; 1. An empirical particle velocity equation were obtained by test blasts at Nassan Missi 860 Office tel construction site. $V{\;}={\;}K(D/\sqrt{W})^{-n}$, where the values for n and k are estimated tobe 0.371 and 1.551. From this ground vibration equation, the max. charge weight per delay time against distance from blasting point is calculated. Detailed blasting method is also presented. 2. To measure the horizontal displacement in directions perpendicular to the borehole axis, 6 inclinometers installed around working sites. The displacement at the begining was comparatively high because the installation of struts was delayed, but after its installation the values showed a stable trend. Among them, the displacement by 3 inclinometers installed on a temporary parking area showed comparatively high values, for example, the displacement measured at hole No. IC-l recoded the max. 47.04mm for 6 months and at hole No. IC-2 recorded the max. 57.33mm for 7 months. So, all of these data was estimated below a safe standard value 103mm. 3. Seven strain gauge meter was installed of measure the magnitude and change of stress acted on structs. The measured value of maximum stress was $-465{\;}kgf/\textrm{cm}^2,{\;}-338.4{\;}kgf/\textrm{cm}^2,{\;}302.3{\;}kgf/\textrm{cm}^2$ respectively. In compareto the allowable stress level of steel, they are estimated to be safe.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of orange (Citrus auranthium) flesh (OF) and peel (OP) extracted with acetone, ethanol, and methanol. Antioxidant potential was examined by measuring total phenolic content (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (RSA), total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA). The comet assay was used to determine the protective effects of OF and OP against $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage. TPC was highest in the acetone extracts of OF and OP. DPPH RSA was also higher in the acetone extracts than in the ethanol extracts. The DPPH RSA was highest in the acetone extracts of OF. The TRAP and ORAC values of the all extracts increased in a dose-dependent manner. In the TRAP assay, the acetone extracts of OF and OP had the lowest $IC_{50}$ values. In the CAA assay, the methanol and acetone extracts of OP had the lowest $IC_{50}$ values. All of the samples protected against $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage in human leukocytes, as measured by the comet assay, but the acetone extracts of OP had the strongest effect. These results suggest that acetone is the best solvent for the extraction of antioxidant compounds from OF and OP. Furthermore, the high antioxidant activity of OP, which is a by-product of orange processing, suggests that it can be used in nutraceutical and functional foods.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.195-198
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• 2012

Four chromone derivatives (1-4) were isolated from the clove buds (Syzygium aromaticum). Of these, two chromone C-glucosides (1 and 2) showed significant PEP inhibition with $IC_{50}$ values of $1.48{\pm}0.02$ and $1.74{\pm}0.03{\mu}M$ and $K_i$ values of $0.27{\pm}0.02$ and $0.50{\pm}0.05{\mu}M$, respectively. They also exhibited strong antioxidant capacities against the 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt radical system with $EC_{50}$ values of $4.13{\pm}0.04$ and $4.79{\pm}0.03{\mu}M$, respectively.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.183-185
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• 2013

Two styrylpyranones (1 and 2) were isolated from the $CH_2Cl_2$-soluble fraction of Phellinus linteus and their structures were established by extensive Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data as inoscavin E and C. Both compounds showed significant prolyl endopeptidase inhibitory activity with $IC_{50}$ values of $4.26{\pm}0.14$ and $4.08{\pm}0.04{\mu}M$ and $K_i$ values of $1.50{\pm}0.02$ and $1.43{\pm}0.03{\mu}M$, respectively. They also exhibited antioxidant capacities against the ABTS radical system with $EC_{50}$ values of $6.47{\pm}0.05$ and $7.64{\pm}0.06{\mu}M$, respectively.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.13
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• pp.59-69
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• 1993

Using two current conveyors with the grounded capacitors and resistors, this paper proposed equivalent circuits which can realize the floating L and the floating FDNR. To find out their characteristics, we experiment with these circuits instead of the floating L of the low-pass filter and the floating FDNR of the high-pass filter respectively. Comparing theoretical values with experimental ones, values of the proposed floating L represent the error of 5 percents in the frequency range from 5 KHz to 25 KHz, and values of the floating FDNR represent the error of 5 percents in the range from 8 KHz to 25 KHz. So the proposed floating L and the FDNR circuits are expected to be implemented with current conveyors of an IC.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2014

This study was performed in order to investigate the antioxidant properties of hot water extract from the root and aerial part of the Syneilesis palmata in respect to its potential use as food, cosmetics material, or medicinal resource. The results showed that the S. palmata root hot water extract (RHW) possessed a higher content of total flavonoid compounds (4.58 mg/g) and total polyphenol compounds (59.11 mg/g). The SOD-like activities of the RHW and APHW were 23.74% and 21.61%, respectively, at a concentration $2,000{\mu}g/mL$. In the nitrite scavenging ability of a $2,000{\mu}g/mL$ concentration, the RHW showed 63.06% (pH 1.2) and 47.16% (pH 3.0). The $IC_{50}$ values of the nitrite scavenging abilities were $99.93{\mu}g/mL$ (ascorbic acid), $1,150.85{\mu}g/mL$ (RHW), and $1,610.25{\mu}g/mL$ (APHW). The $IC_{50}$ values of DPPH free radical scavenging abilities were $99.87{\mu}g/mL$ (RHW) and $118.29{\mu}g/mL$ (APHW). The inhibition values ($IC_{50}$) of xanthine oxidase were $139.62{\mu}g/mL$ (RHW) and $111.11{\mu}g/mL$ (APHW). In all of the experiments, the S. palmata root hot water extracts have higher activities than the aerial hot water extract, except for the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. These results suggest that the S. palmata is a potentially useful antioxidant source for the development of functional nutraceuticals, cosmetics and medicine.