• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.184-191
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• 2014

Air quality in a subway tunnel has been crucial in most of the subway environments where IAQ could be affected by many factors such as the number of passengers, the amount and types of ventilation, train operation factors and other facilities. A modeling approach has been introduced to manage the general IAQ in a subway station. Field surveys and $CO_2$ measurements were initially conducted to analyze and understand the relationship between indoor and outdoor air quality while considering internal pollution sources, such as passengers and subway trains, etc. The measurement data were then employed for the model development with other statistical information. For the model development, the algorithm of simple continuity was set up and applied to model the subway IAQ concerned, while considering the major air transport through staircases and tunnels. Monitored $CO_2$ concentration on the concourse and platform were correlated with modeling results where the correlation values for the concourse and platform were $R^2=0.96$ and $R^2=0.75$, respectively. It implies that the box modeling approach introduced in this study would be beneficial to predict and control the indoor air quality in subway environments.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to evaluate indoor air quality at the stage of building construction. To check the IAQ at the stage of construction IAQX simulation program developed by EPA was used and the values of TVOC were analyzed with time-series. The Simulation conditions are as follows. 1) Ventilation rate, 2) Time schedule of works, 3) Material change. Through this simulation, the major factors which affect the IAQ were analyzed and the importance of empirical data about the time-series emission rate of concerned material could be confirmed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

With increasing number of citizen using subway stations everyday, safety, health and comfort of passengers and occupants became an important social issue. Considering the fact that various physical variables and pollutants are related to indoor air quality (IAQ) which may cause health problem, IAQ need to be closely monitored and controlled in multiple locations in subway stations. This study is a continuation of the previous studies and delay induced in wireless-wired network is experimentally evaluated and the risk involved is assessed. In doing that, a key parameter is identified to be the network delay in different network media. Application of information-theoretic measure to assess the risk in network delay is then discussed. The idea is based on the general principles of engineering design and their applications to quantification of uncertainty in network delay. Experimental results show that more risk is involved in wireless data communication. Efficient and fast conversion of transmission data in both LonWorks/IP server and ZL converter is also noted.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.273-278
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of distribution for airborne bio aerosol in 11 public facilities in Seoul from June to July. The collected samples are total suspended bacteria in indoor and outdoor Anderson six stage air sampler by the IAQ standard method of Ministry of Environment in Korea. The concentration of total suspended bacteria in the theater higher than IAQ standards. As the results of the survey, the most high indoor air mean concentration of bacteria $1273CFU/m^3$ was theater and the most high outdoor air mean concentration of bacteria $^229 CFU/m3$was Kindergarten. The mean concentration of bacteria in the theater was higher than the IAQ standards established by the Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea. Moreover, this study was for investigation a part of indoor air pollution condition in public facilities. It means that this study can't represent fDr all of public facilities. Therefore, we suggest that long and middle term country plan for management of IAQ should be established through long-term and continuous investigation of IAQ condition. Also above consideration in mind, it is suggest that the research for source contribution of the results on these need further study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

In crowded subway stations indoor air quality (IAQ) is a key factor for ensuring the safety and health of passengers. Since physical variables that describing IAQ such as the concentration of particulate, $CO_2$, VOCs and biological agents need to be closely monitored and controlled in multiple locations within subway stations and in remote sites, concept of web-based monitoring and control network using both wireless and wired media needs to be implemented. Connecting remote wireless sensor network and device (LonWorks) networks to the IP network based on the concept of VDN can provide a powerful, integrated, distributed monitoring and control performance. In this study, performance of wireless and wired network in VDN for monitoring and control of IAQ in subway stations is evaluated. Specifically, delay induced in wireless and wired networks, and data transmission rate are evaluated. A key parameter is identified in assuring safety and health of passengers in subway stations.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2005

Indoor air quality (IAQ) is recognized as a byproduct of industrialization that took place in the 20th century. The great attention to IAQ has been gained since 1980s, and led to numerous research studies that have mainly made in the developed countries. As the development of residential environment in Korea enters in the process of qualitative growth, IAQ has viewed as one of the core issues in the society, and research in relation to IAQ has been implemented until now in the fields of engineering and medical science. It is widely known that the sources and effects of indoor air pollution have been various, and IAQ research with multidisciplinary approaches is required. Nevertheless, few research embedded into a socio-behavioral approach to identifying interventive measures of residents and analyzing their choices is made. The purpose of this study is to examine the use of an interactive measure of residents in apartments that is air purification with phytoncide available in the market, and to investigate their self-reported effects of the air purifying substance on sick building syndrome symptoms. This study utilizes a field experiment design with pre-test and post-test, and the experiment is conducted in a natural field setting. A total of 87 test subjects from 32 households with already sick building syndrome are drawn via internet, and the participation is solely voluntary. The participants receive and use the air purifying substance, and are asked to use it continuously for two weeks and identify their self-reported symptoms of before- and after-use. The research findings indicate that air purification using phytoncide is effective to alleviate their symptoms in relation to sick building syndrome. Also it is noted that the participants report that the use of the air purification causes the positive impacts on their daily life. Further research is needed that compares the group with only humidifier and evaluates the mid-term and long-term use of the air purification and its effects.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.41-48
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• 2005

Before occupation of an apartment housing, the builders are required to inform the test result of IAQ to the public. However, there is no simplified method to predict IAQ before measurement of pollutant concentration. In this study, a simplified way of predicting IAQ based on the distribution of indoor pollutant concentration is proposed. 7 different cases of air change rate have been simulated through CFD analysis to get the distribution ratio of each pollutant material and then simplified functions were used with CRIAQ1 values derived from CFD simulation to evaluate by comparing the influence of each material in the indoor pollutant concentration. Again, a lot of efforts which can improve the indoor air quality have been performed. Materials used in indoor space are labeled with their pollutant emission level. Installation of ventilation system in residential buildings will be regulated by a building codes sooner or later. But it is important to understand the fact that layout of walls, location or size of openings will influence the indoor air flow and pollutant concentration. And location of emitting material influences to indoor air pollutants distribution. But until now there is few recognition and consideration of these factors. Therefore, in this paper the effects of these factors is proved and some kind of guideline is made for designers after a comparison of typical apartment floor plan and a new type plan with their average pollutant concentration and its distribution of each room. CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) program was used to show the indoor air flow and pollutant concentration distribution. For this purpose, a typical $100m^2$ apartment floor plan was chosen as a case study model and several alternatives were reviewed to improve the IAQ performance. The simulation took place in the condition of natural ventilation through windows.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2003

Indoor air quality(IAQ) in workplace and residential environments has been concern of people. Recently, Ministry of Environment in Korea has recognized the potential risk on the healthy effect related to indoor air pollution at home. Therefore, the purpose of this study was performed to measure the indoor air pollutants of IAQ at different homes and investigate to compare the perception of IAQ recognition at home from questionnaire survey in Seoul. We estimated the IAQ of selected 6 homes based on site region and housing type. The indoor air pollutants and parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, respirable suspended particulate matter($PM_{10}$), formaldehyde(HCHO), total bacteria counts, carbon monooxide(CO) and carbon dioxide($CO_2$) were monitored for summer and winter. In monitoring results, the respirable suspended particulate matter(($PM_{10}$) and indoor airborne bacteria level of home 5 and 6 were higher than the standard of the public $150{\;}{\mu}g/m^3$ and $500{\;}{\mu}g/m^3$, the level formaldehyde(HCHO) was exceed 0.1 ppm of the standard of Korea at all monitored homes. In statistics analysis, we could find a correlation between the building age and the concentration of CO, TBC were significant at 0.01 level and Relative Humidity was significant at 0.05 level for summer. Finally, the important air pollutants of IAQ in home were HCHO and total bacteria counts(TBC). And we performed a questionnaire survey of 500 people about their awareness for the importance of IAQ in our home during same period. In results, all most response of occupant has recognized the importance of IAQ at home. Therefore, it can be concluded that the IAQ of selected 6 home studied was perceived as acceptable, it is recommended that the government related IAQ was suggested the guideline and control of IAQ problems, and the occupants need to be effort to reduce the exposure of sources to undesirable pollutants.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.241-247
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• 2010

Recently, indoor air quality (IAQ) has been one of the major concerns of people. Indoor parking lots are subject to be exposed to high concentrations of air pollutants emitted from vehicles. This study was performed to investigate indoor air quality (IAQ) at indoor parking lots. Sampling sites were selected 5 indoor parking lots. Target indoor air quality parameters include a number of criteria pollutants such PM$_{10}$, CO, CO$_2$, and HCHO. In addition, a variation of IAQ according to ventilation system operating was measured at C site (underground parking lot). In general, all pollutants were maintained below indoor air quality maintenance standards. The indoor air quality at indoor parking lots was affected by the availability of the ventilation facility and their operation frequency. At the underground parking lot (C site) with ventilation system, TVOC concentration according to ventilation system operating were found to be lower operating (488.2 ${\mu}g/m^3$) than non-operating (1,401.2 ${\mu}g/m^3$).

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.251-256
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to suggest the idea for IAQ improvement of university dormitory through space analysis and residents' evaluation. The data was collected from 105 Konkuk university dormitory residents by a questionnaire survey. As a result, the idea for IAQ improvement of university dormitory can be suggested. First, it was found that it was necessary to improve size of windows and to exchange bathroom exhaust system for ventilation. Secondly, it is important for resident to ventilate and clean their room. Thirdly, the educational program for dormitory residents about maintenance of IAQ was esssentially needed. Also, it is necessary to manage air conditioning equipment maintenance and bathroom hygiene.