• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.147-168
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• 1997

Tish study was carried out to evaluate the possible therapeutic or antitumoral effects of Takrisodokyeum extract against tumor, and immunomodulatory effect. Some kinds of tumor were induced by the typical application of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) or by the implantation(s.c) of malignant tumor cells such as leukemia cells(3LL cells) or sarcoma cells(S-I80 and Fas II cells). Treatment of the Takrisodokyeum water-extract(daily 1mg mouse, i.p.) was continued for 7 days prior to tumor induction and after that the treatment was lasted for 15 days. Against squamous cell carcinoma induced by MCA, Takrisodokyeum decreased not only the frequency of tumor production but also the number and the weight of tumors per tumor bearing mice (TBM). Takrisodokyeum also significantly suppressed the development of 3LLcell and S-180 cell by frequency and their size, and some developed tumors were regressed by the continuous treatment of Takrisodokyeum extract into TBM. However, when tumor was induced by FsaII cell-implantation, the growth of implanted cells in mice was delayed by the water extract of Takrisodokyeum until day 7 and then rapid growth ensued. In vitro, treatment of Takrisodokyeum extract had no effect on the growth of some kind of cell lines such as FsaII, A-131 strain but significantly inhibited the proliferation of 3LL, S-180 cells. Takrisodokyeum also stimulated the migrative ability of leucocyte, the MIF and IL 2-production of T lymphocytes, but not IL 6 production of B cells. Takrisodokyeum enhanced Arthus reaction and DTH to sheep erythrocytes, and NK cells activities. These results demonstrated that Takrisodokyeum extract different results according to the type of tumor cells. And these results also suggested that antitumor effect of Takrisodokyeum might be chiefly due to nonspecific enhancement of NK cell activities and cell-mediated immune responses.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 1990

Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) causes intractable pain which disturbs sleep and daily life. Numerous drugs and treatment strategies have been introduced for the management of PHN. However, no single regimen has proved to be effective. I analysed 38 patients with PHN. Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant and chlorpromazine were most commonly prescribed. Stellate ganglion blocks for the head and neck pain and epidural blocks for the rest part of the body were most frequently given. Triamcinolone acetate was administered epidurally in most of the cases or by iontophoresis on the affected skin area in two cases. Complications were related to the technique of the nerve block and the side effects of drugs administered. Repeated nerve blocks with tricyclic antidepressant and steroid therapy were thought to be the most effective for the treatment of postherpetic pain.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7441-7447
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• 2015

Objective: This study evaluated the safety and objective response of combining $^{131}I$-labeled-metuximab (Licartin) with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods: In a multicenter open-label clinical trial, 341 enrolled patients with stage III/IV HCC according to TNM criteria were nonrandomly assigned to a trial group (n=167) and a control group (n=174), undergoing TACE following hepatic intra-arterial injection of licartin or TACE alone from July 2007 to July 2009. Radiopharmaceutical distribution was evaluated. The primary endpoint was overall survival; secondary endpoints included time-to-progression (TTP), toxicity and adverse events (AEs). Results: The radiobiological distribution demonstrated better localization of licartin in liver tumors than other tissues (P<0.01). The organ absorbed doses to liver and red marrow were $3.19{\pm}1.01Gy$ and $0.55{\pm}0.22Gy$, respectively. The 1-year survival rate was significantly higher [79.47% vs. 65.59%, hazard ratio (HR), 0.598, P=0.041] and TTP significantly improved ($6.82{\pm}1.28$ vs. $4.7{\pm}1.14months$, P=0.037) compared with the control group. Patients at stage III achieved more benefit of one year survival than stage IV in the trial group (86.9% vs. 53.8%, P<0.001). There were significant different toxicities in leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia and increased total bilirubin level [P<0.001, P=0.013, P<0.01, relative risk (RR) 1.63, 1.33, 1.43], but no differences in severe AEs of upper GI hemorrhage and severe liver dysfunction between the groups (5.39% vs. 2.3%, P=0.136). Conclusions: Owing to excellent tumor-targeting, promised efficacy and favourable toxicity profile, the novel combination therapy of licartin and TACE could be applied in patients with unresectable HCC.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.131-142
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• 2016

Outliers in surveys can have a large effect on estimates of totals. This is especially true in business surveys where the populations are drawn are typically skewed. In this paper, we discussed the practical development and implementation of methods to identify and deal with outliers. A detection method is based on quartile method and detected outlier is processed in various ways. The study examines two versions of winsorised estimators with three different cut-off thresholds for each one. For the simulation study, four types of weight transformation function have been considered.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.214-221
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• 2008

Purpose: We make a qualitative analysis of whether Fusion SPECT/CT can find lesion's anatomical sites better than existing SPECT or not, and we want to show the usefulness of SPECT/CT through finding out effects of CT attenuation correction on SPECT images. Materials and Method: 1. The evaluation of fusion images: This study comprised patients who was tested $^{131}I$-MIBG, Bone, $^{111}In$-Octreotide, Meckel's diverticulum, Parathyroid MIBI with Precedence 16 or Symbia T2 from 2008 Jan to Aug. We compared SPECT/CT image with non fusion image and make a qualitative analysis. 2. The evaluation of attenuation correction: We classified 38 patients who was tested 201Tl myocardial exam with Symbia T2 into 5 sections by using Cedars Sinai' QPS program - Ant, Inf, Lat, Septum, Apex. And we showed each section's perfusion states by percentage. We compared the each section's perfusion-states differences between CT AC and Non AC by average${\pm}$standard deviation. Results: 1. The evaluation of fusion images : In high energy $^{131}I$ cases, it was hard to grasp exact anatomical lesions due to difference between regions and surrounding lesions' uptake level. After combining with CT, we could grabs anatomical lesion more exactly. And in meckel's diverticulum case or to find lesions around bowels or organs with $^{111}In$ cases, it demonstrates its superiority. Bone SPECT/CT images help to distinguish between disk spaces certainly and give correct results. 2. The evaluation of attenuation correction: There is no significant difference statistically in Ant and Lat (p>0.05), but there is a meaningful difference in Inferior, Apex and Septum (p<0.05). AC perfusion at inferior wall in the 5 sections of myocardium: The perfusion difference between Non AC perfusion image ($68.58{\pm}7.55$) and CT corrected perfusion image ($76.84{\pm}6.52$) was the largest by $8.26{\pm}4.95$ (p<0.01, t=10.29). Conclusion: Nuclear medicine physicians can identify not only molecular image which shows functional activity of lesions but also anatomical location information of lesions with more accuracy using the combination of SPECT and CT systems. Of course this combination helps nuclear medicine physician find out the abnormal parts. Moreover combined data sets help separate between normal group and abnormal group in complicated body part. So clinicians can carry out diagnosis and treatment planning at the same time with a single test image. In addition, when we examine a myocardium in thorax where attenuation can occur easily, we can trust perfusion more in a certain region in SPECT test because CT provides the capability for accurate attenuation correction. In these reasons, we think we can prove the justice after treatment fusion image.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.269-276
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• 2010

This study attempts to propose ways to optimize and improve the period of hospitalization for the radioiodine treatment by calculating the dose rate of patients treated with high-dose radioiodine by distance and time slot. As a result, 24 hours after the patient was treated with 100 mCi high-dose iodine, the dose rate was attenuated to $1,035{\mu}Sv/hr$ at the navel, to $109{\mu}Sv/hr$ at 50 cm, and to $33{\mu}Sv/hr$ at 100 cm. 24 hours after the patient was treated with 150 mCi high-dose iodine, the dose rate was attenuated to $637{\mu}Sv/hr$ at the navel, to $100{\mu}Sv/hr$ at 50 cm, and to $40{\mu}Sv/hr$ at 100 cm. 24 hours after the patient was treated with 180 mCi high-dose iodine, the dose rate was attenuated to $1,251{\mu}Sv/hr$ at the navel, $140{\mu}Sv/hr$ at 50 cm, and to $56{\mu}Sv/hr$ at 100 cm. In light of the current criterion for discharge recommended by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission being $70.4{\mu}Sv/hr$, the present study indicates earlier discharge is feasible by applying a new scheme. This suggests that the proposed scheme in this study will help to solve the problem of shortage of treatment beds with the increasing trend of patients with thyroid cancer taken into consideration.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.125-131
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• 2017

Status epilepticus is the most common serious neurological condition triggered by abnormal electrical activity, leading to severe and widespread cell loss in the brain. Lithium has been one of the main drugs used for the treatment of bipolar disorder for decades, and its anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties have been described in several neurological disease models. However, the therapeutic mechanisms underlying lithium's actions remain poorly understood. The muscarinic receptor agonist pilocarpine is used to induce status epilepticus, which is followed by hippocampal damage. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of lithium post-treatment on seizure susceptibility and hippocampal neuropathological changes following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Status epilepticus was induced by administration of pilocarpine hydrochloride (320 mg/kg, i.p.) in C57BL/6 mice at 8 weeks of age. Lithium (80 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 15 minutes after the pilocarpine injection. After the lithium injection, status epilepticus onset time and mortality were recorded. Lithium significantly delayed the onset time of status epilepticus and reduced mortality compared to the vehicle-treated group. Moreover, lithium effectively blocked pilocarpine-induced neuronal death in the hippocampus as estimated by cresyl violet and Fluoro-Jade B staining. However, lithium did not reduce glial activation following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. These results suggest that lithium has a neuroprotective effect and would be useful in the treatment of neurological disorders, in particular status epilepticus.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.199-207
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• 1983

To select appropriate herbicides for adzukibean and mungbean, a series of experiments was carried out in both field and pot from 1980 to 1983. Tolerance to the herbicides tested was highest in soybeans and followed by mungbean and adzukibean in the order. Pre-emergence herbicides showed relatively low phytotoxicity were chlorambem, linuron, and metribuzin for adzukibean and alachlor and butachlor for mungbean. Post-emergence herbicides showed no external phytotoxicity for adzukibean and mungbean were alloxydim, Dowco 453, fluazifop, etc.. For mungbean, terbutryn (1.5 kg, a.i./ha) which is pre-emergence herbicide showed the best weeding control efficacy but some possible phytotoxicity. Among post-emergence herbicides, acifluorfen (300 g, a.i./ha) showed the best weeding efficacy with no yield reduction though some phytotoxicity which recovered within 20 days. Compared to single herbicide application, the mixture or systemic treatments of herbicides showed much higher weeding control efficacy and seed yields: the systemic treatments of linuron (500 g, a.i./ha) / Dowco 453 (180 g, a.i./ha) or linuron (500 g, a.i./ha) / fluazufop (260 g, a.i./ha) for adzukibean and the mixture treatment of alachlor (1.31 kg, a.i./ha) / acifluorfen (150 g, a.i./ha) for mungbean, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1995.05a
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• pp.129-131
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• 1995

In order to investigated the effects of crystal stucture in electrical breakdown of plyethylene film, Low molecular materials in polyethylene are removed by the method as follow Polyethylene was dissolved in xylene and filtered through a glass fiber filter, And then, a polyethyene thin films of thickness 0.4~1.4$\mu\textrm{m}$ are prepared with heat treatment from solution casting. To evaluate the performance of PE film. Electrical breakdown of PE film as measured on M(Al)-I(PE)-M(Al) systemes.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.127-131
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• 2001

The antihepatic and hypolipidemic activities and total lipid levels of water extract of Plantaginis Herba, used for respiratory and renal disorder in folk medicine, were evaluated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, i.ｐ.). Water extract of Plantaginis Herba recovered enzyme activities such as GOT, GPT, ALP and LDH increased by streptozotocin (STZ) treatment. This crude drug also suppressed the enhanced production of lipid in hyperglycemia. These results strongly suggest that Plantaginis Herba be a promising liver-protective and hypolipidemic agent.