• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.1034-1042
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• 2004

In this paper, as one of countermeasure techniques for a frequency selective fading, an adaptive analog slope equalizer(ASE) applicable to 64-QAM digital radio relay system is presented in terms of principle, implementation, and its performance. Also interference of cross-talk between I- and Q-channel caused by a fiequency selective lading has been analyzed by doing channel model in the baseband, which make it possible to derive the solution for implementing ASE in If-band. The effects of signal for the faded channel are investigated in the time and the frequency domains, respectively, with/without ASE. As system performance, it is shown that the signature is improved up to 6.2 dB at the edge of signal bandwidth for a given BER 10$\^$-3/.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.3702-3707
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• 2009

In this paper, a new approximated MAP algorithm for soft bit decision from QAM symbols is proposed for Gray Coded QAM signals, based on the Max-Log-MAP and a Gray coded QAM signal can be separated into independent two Gray coded PAM signal, M-PAM on I axis with M symbols and N-PAM on Q axis with N symbols. The Max-Log-MAP used distance comparisons between symbols to get the soft bit decision instead of mathematical exponential or logarithm functions. But in accordance with the increase of the number of symbols, the number of comparisons also increase with high complexity. The proposed algorithm is used with the Euclidean distance and constituted with plain arithmetic functions, thus we can know intuitively that the algorithm has low implementing complexity comparing to conventional ones.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.324-332
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• 2020

In this paper, a blind symbol timing offset (STO) estimation method is proposed for offset quadrature phase-shift keying (OQPSK) modulated signals, which also works for other linearly modulated signals (LMS) such as binary-PSK, QPSK, 𝜋/4-QPSK, and minimum-shift keying. There are various methods available for blind STO estimation of LMS; however, none work in the case of OQPSK modulated signals. The popular cyclic correlation method fails to estimate STO for OQPSK signals, as the offset present between the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components causes the cyclic peak to disappear at the symbol rate frequency. In the proposed method, a set of close and approximate offsets is used to compensate the offset between the I and Q components of the received OQPSK signal. The STO in the time domain is represented as a phase in the cyclic frequency domain. The STO is therefore calculated by obtaining the phase of the cyclic peak at the symbol rate frequency. The method is validated through extensive theoretical study, simulation, and testbed implementation. The proposed estimation method exhibits robust performance in the presence of unknown carrier phase offset and frequency offset.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.651-659
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• 2010

In this paper, a new six-port direct conversion receiver for high-speed multi-band multi-mode wireless communication system such as software defined radio(SDR) is proposed. The designed receiver is composed of two CMOS four-port BPSK receivers and a dual-band one-stage polyphase filter for quadrature LO signal generation. The four-port BPSK receiver, implemented in 0.18 ${\mu}m$ CMOS technology for the first time in microwave-band, is composed of two active combiners, an active balun, two power detector, and an analog decoder. The proposed polyphase filter adopt type-I architecture, one-stage for reduction of the local oscillator power loss, and LC resonance structure instead of using capacitor for dual-band operation. In order to extent the operation RF bandwidth of the proposed six-port receiver, we include I/Q phase and amplitude calibration scheme in the six-port junction and the power detector. The calibration range of the phase and amplitude mismatch in the proposed calibration scheme is 8 degree and 14 dB, respectively. The validity of the designed six-port receiver is successfully demonstrated by modulating M-QAM, and M-PSK signal with 40 Msps in the two-band of 900 MHz and 2.4 GHz.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.91-95
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• 2008

This paper presents a direct-conversion I/Q up-mixer block, which supports $3{\sim}5$ GHz ultra-wideband(UWB) applications. It consists of a VI converter, a double-balanced mixer, a RF amplifier, and a differential-to-single signal converter. To achieve wideband characteristics over $3{\sim}5$ GHz frequency range, the double-balanced mixer adopts a shunt-peaking load. The proposed RF amplifier can suppress unwanted common-mode input signals with high linearity. The proposed direct-conversion I/Q up-mixer block is implemented using $0.18-{\mu}m$ CMOS technology. The measured results for three channels show a power gain of $-2{\sim}-9$ dB with a gain flatness of 1dB, a maximum output power level of $-7{\sim}-14.5$ dBm, and a output return loss of more than - 8.8 dB. The current consumption of the fabricated chip is 25.2 mA from a 1.8 V power supply.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.383-397
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• 2013

In this paper, the sensitivity of massive antenna arrays and digital beamforming to radio frequency (RF) chain in-phase quadrature-phase (I/Q) imbalance is studied and analyzed. The analysis shows that massive antenna arrays are increasingly sensitive to such RF chain imperfections, corrupting heavily the radiation pattern and beamforming capabilities. Motivated by this, novel RF-aware digital beamforming methods are then developed for automatically suppressing the unwanted effects of the RF I/Q imbalance without separate calibration loops in all individual receiver branches. More specifically, the paper covers closed-form analysis for signal processing properties as well as the associated radiation and beamforming properties of massive antenna arrays under both systematic and random RF I/Q imbalances. All analysis and derivations in this paper assume ideal signals to be circular. The well-known minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer and a widely-linear (WL) extension of it, called WL-MVDR, are analyzed in detail from the RF imperfection perspective, in terms of interference attenuation and beamsteering. The optimum RF-aware WL-MVDR beamforming solution is formulated and shown to efficiently suppress the RF imperfections. Based on the obtained results, the developed solutions and in particular the RF-aware WL-MVDR method can provide efficient beamsteering and interference suppressing characteristics, despite of the imperfections in the RF circuits. This is seen critical especially in the massive antenna array context where the cost-efficiency of individual RF chains is emphasized.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.93-99
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose new modulation schemes using the conventional CACB modulation with constant amplitude property. Also the proposed modulation schemes supports high transmission data rate by increasing the spectral efficiency. In order to obtain the high spectral efficiency, the $Q^2$PSK and CA-$Q^2$PSK are used. We explain the simplest combining modulation scheme of CACB and $Q^2$PSK (i.e., CACB-$Q^2$PSK). However, this modulation scheme cannot support the constant amplitude property. Hence the first CACB-CA-$Q^2$PSK (or CACB-CA-$Q^2$PSK I) modulation scheme is proposed for the constant amplitude property. In the modulation scheme, the redundant constant amplitude encoding (spectral efficiency decrease) is required. Therefore, the second CACB-CA-$Q^2$PSK (or CACB-CA-$Q^2$PSK II) modulation scheme is proposed retaining the constant amplitude and the spectral efficiency. Computer simulations show that the proposed CACB-CA-$Q^2$PSK II is the efficient modulation scheme.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.134-139
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• 2018

A novel approach for frequency-tripling vector signal generation via balanced detection without precoding and optical filter is proposed. The scheme is mainly utilizing an integrated dual-polarization quadrature phase shift keying (DPQPSK) modulator. In the DPQPSK modulator, one QPSK modulator is driven by an RF signal to generate high-order optical sidebands, while the other QPSK modulator is modulated by I/Q data streams to produce baseband vector signal as an optical carrier. After that, a frequency-tripling 16-quadrature-amplitude-modulation (16QAM) vector millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signal can be obtained by balanced detection. The proposed scheme can reduce the complexity of transmitter digital signal processing. The results show that, a 4 Gbaud baseband 16QAM vector signal can be generated at 30 GHz by frequency-tripling. After 10 km single-mode fiber (SMF) transmission, the constellation and eye diagrams of the generated vector signal perform well and a bit-error-rate (BER) below than 1e-3 can be achieved.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.48 no.12
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• pp.91-96
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• 2011

In this paper, a low-power direct-conversion transmitter based on current-mode operation, which satisfies the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, is proposed and implemented in a $0.13{\mu}m$ CMOS technology. The proposed transmitter consists of DACs, LPFs, variable gain I/Q up-conversion mixer, a divide-by-two circuit with LO buffer, and a drive amplifier. By combining DAC, LPF, and variable gain I/Q up-conversion mixer with a simple current mirror configuration, the transmitter's power consumption is reduced and its linearity is improved. The drive amplifier is a cascode amplifier with gain controls and the 2.4GHz I/Q differential LO signals are generated by a divide-by-two current-mode-logic (CML) circuit with an external 4.8GHz input signal. The implemented transmitter has 30dB of gain control range, 0dBm of maximum transmit output power, 33dBc of local oscillator leakage, and 40dBc of the transmit third harmonic component. The transmitter dissipates 10.2mW from a 1.2V supply and the die area of the transmitter is $1.76mm{\times}1.26mm$.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.1071-1077
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• 2010

The six-port phase correlator using lumped elements was designed and fabricated in this paper, also the receiving performance of L-band direct conversion receiver using lumped six-port phase correlator element was analyzed. The proposed L-band lumped six-port phase correlator element was composed of a resistive power divider and the twist-wire coaxial cables. The proposed lumped six-port structure provides the small-sized configuration and wide-band characteristics. The performance of the L-band lumped direct conversion receiver structure was measured under the conditions of 1.69 GHz frequency for LO-CW signal and RF-QPSK signal, which are input signals for the lumped six-port phase correlator element. The direct conversion receiving structure using the proposed lumped six-port phase correlator element can recovered the good digital I/Q signal.