• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.329-342
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• 2000

The demographic characteristics of research examinees showed that male students were 122(44%) and female ones 155(56%), and teenagers 142 per age. The average monthly pocket money appeared that 96 students received more than 200,000(34.7%) and it was analyzed that 243(87.7%) resided in their homes. The research of fast-food choice factors resulted in the fact that female students who were easily influenced by their friends were 83, while males 57. And, mascom took influence on 40 female students and 20 male ones, besides other included 39 male and 30 female students. They most preferred hamburger and pizza(94) among the fast-food menus, and taste like seasame was most preferred among the characteristic factors of foods taste. And as a result of factor analysis of menu, Cronbach alpha coefficient Fc 2 of reliability appeared highest as 0.7694, next, Fc 3 as 0.6965, and Fc 1 lowest as 0.6403. The reliability among the specific items of this study may be regarded high. And the difference between groups according to gender appeared that Fc 1, Fc 2, and Fc 3 were significantly different at 5% level as a result of T-examination analysis and the distributed analysis of the average monthly pocket money resulted in the fact that the difference between groups appeared significantly at F3 below significant level of 0.05. The testing of the difference of reason why the fast-food is preferred according to frequency of use per week lead to Chi-square value of 41.399 with free degree of 12, so significant degree became 0.000. The zero hypothesis that the two variables are not independent each other is not reserved because it has a small value of signigicant degree below 0.05, and the permanent hypothesis is adopted.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.264-288
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• 2014

The competition for attracting outstanding HRST (human resource for science and technology) who can lead technological innovation is heating up all over the world. The various concepts, which are brain drain, brain gain, brain overflow, brain migration, brain circulation, are used to explain the international mobility of HRST. But the concept of brain scout is the more adequate for explaining in the case of outstanding HRST as the main cause of excessive competition for scouting. This study analyzed the critical factors of the determinants of Korean students in the USA who have intentions of returning to Korea in view of brain scout. As the first step in this study, potential factors and hypothesis are established by the interviews. As the second step, the major factors are examined by surveys and hypothesis testing. Also, a new model for decision-making is proposed which describes intentions of returning to Korea by logistic regression analysis and contributions of each factor derived from this study were compared. Finally, policy implications for attracting outstanding HRST and the limit of this study are discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.883-891
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• 2011

For survival data we sometimes want to test a log normality hypothesis that can be changed into normality by transforming the survival data. Hence the Shapiro-Wilk type statistic for normality is generalized to randomly censored data based on the Kaplan-Meier product limit estimate of the distribution function. Koziol and Green (1976) derived Cram$\acute{e}$r-von Mises statistic's randomly censored version under the simpl hypothesis. These two test statistics are compared through a simulation study. As for the distribution of censoring variables, we consider Koziol and Green (1976)'s model and other similar models. Through the simulation results, we can see that the power of the proposed statistic is higher than that of Koziol-Green statistic and that the proportion of the censored observations (rather than the distribution of censoring variables) has a strong influence on the power of the proposed statistic.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.242-247
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• 2013

Objective: To test the null hypothesis that no difference exists between the effects of at-home bleaching and in-office bleaching on shear bond strength (SBS) with bracket bonding at 4 different time intervals after dental bleaching. Methods: Ninety extracted human premolars were randomly divided into 9 groups (n = 10) according to the bleaching methods used (at-home bleaching and in-office bleaching) and the storage time in artificial saliva (30 min, 1 day, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks before bonding). The control group was stored in artificial saliva for 7 days. Brackets were bonded with the Transbond XT adhesive system, and SBS testing was performed. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was used to assess the amount of resin remaining on the enamel surfaces after debonding. The SBS data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test. For the ARI, the Kruskal-Wallis test was performed. Significance for all statistical tests was predetermined to be p < 0.05. Results: The SBS of the unbleached group was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the bleached groups (except for the group bonded 30 min after at-home bleaching). Conclusions: The null hypothesis was not totally rejected. All bleaching groups tested had decreased SBS of the brackets to the enamel, except for the group bonded 30 min after at-home bleaching. The SBS returned to values close to those of the unbleached enamel within 3 weeks following bleaching.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-77
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the structural causal relationships between service image, service satisfaction, affective commitment, and customer loyalty to customers who have experienced hospital medical services, and to identifies the mediating effect of relationship proneness in explaining the effects of service image, service satisfaction, and affectivel commitment on customer loyalty. For this study, 250 respondents were surveyed and data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 20.0 statistical package. Statistical analysis tools, such as SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 20.0 were utilized for ensuring the validity and the reliability, whereas the SEM method was used for testing the research hypothesis. The results of study are as follows. Service image had significant influence on service satisfaction and emotional commitment. First, Service satisfaction was significant for emotional commitment and customer loyalty, and emotional commitment had a significant effect on customer loyalty. Therefore, the path relations between variables were all statistically significant. Second, there was differences the moderating effect of the relationship proneness in the effects of service satisfaction, service image and affective commitment on customer loyalty. In other words, the moderating effect of the relationship tendency was consistent with the research hypothesis and the adjustment effect was significant in the relationship between service satisfaction and customer loyalty. However, there was no control effect in relation to service image and customer loyalty and affective commitment and customer loyalty. Therefore, In order to secure long-term and stable profits by establishing a relationship with their customers, the medical service marketing strategies of hospitals should be promoted to enhance customer loyalty by raising the level of service satisfaction to high relationship proneness group and by raising the the level of affective commitment to low relationship proneness group.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.1172-1177
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• 2009

This study is to determine the effects of BUDDEUMI(moxibustion and cupping a boli) therapy on the relief of shoulder pain among middle aged women. methods : A total of 39 middle aged women with shoulder pain are selected : 20 in the experimental group and 19 in the control group. The data was collected by using questionnaires. The BUDDEUMI(moxibustion and cupping a boli) therapy on the should and back was administered to the experimental group, and no treatment was given to the control group. All of the subjects were examined on a subjective symptom scale and on the grade of discomfort and pain in everyday life as developed by Japan's Industrial Fatigue Research Committee of the Industrial Hygienics Society(1988), Sohn, Mong Ho(1999), Visual Analogue Scale as developed by Cline (1992). SPSS/win 12.0 was used for Date analysis, General features demonstrated by frequency number and percentage. The effects of the BUDDEUMI(moxibustion and cupping a boli) therapy was analyzed by a t-test. The homogeneity testing revealed that all study variables are equally distributed between experimental and control groups. The hypothesis, 'the experimental group who received BUDDEUMI(moxibustion and cupping a boli) therapy will decrease in the grade of discomfort of shoulder', is supported. The hypothesis, 'the experimental group who received BUDDEUMI(moxibustion and cupping a boli) therapy will decrease in the Visual Analogue Scale is supported. Conclusion : As a result of this study, BUDDEUMI(moxibustion and cupping a boli) therapy will be able to be used as the self care therapy to improve the symptoms of middle aged women who has the shoulder pain.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.583-596
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of self-care of abdominal surgery patients in surgical intensive care unit after offering preoperative nursing information. This study worked out nonequivalant control group post test only design as suspected experimental study. This subjects of the study were 45 patients, 23 in experimental group and 22 in control group. This study was carried at a university hospital in Taegu between January 12, 1999 and March 13, 1999. The experimental group was supplied with preoperative nursing information and the control group received routine care in ICU. The measuring tools of this study were assessment of the self-care role behavior. The data were analyzed by SPSS computer program, $x^2-test$ and t-test and ANOVA were utilized for testing the difference between the experimental and the control group. The hypothesis was examined by t-test. The result of this study are summarized as follows ; 1) The hypothesis, 'The experimental group will show a higher level of self-care than the control group' was accepted(t=-8.958, p=.000). 2) We could not find any meaningful relation about general characteristics and disease associated characteristics between the experimental and the control group. 3) The self-care behavior scores according to the general characteristics and disease associated characteristics show significant statistical difference by economics status (p=.033). 4) The rate of self-care behavior scores of each questionnaire are below average in the questions that request active activity to prevent postoperative complications From the result of this study, the self-care of the experimental group was higher than those of the control group, and the nursing information can be regarded as an effective nursing intervention for preoperative patients.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.743-752
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• 2004

In this paper, we develop the Bayesian model selection procedure using the reference prior for comparing two nested model such as the independent and intraclass models using the distance or divergence between the two as the basis of comparison. A suitable criterion for this is the power divergence measure as introduced by Cressie and Read(1984). Such a measure includes the Kullback -Liebler divergence measures and the Hellinger divergence measure as special cases. For this problem, the power divergence measure turns out to be a function solely of $\rho$, the intraclass correlation coefficient. Also, this function is convex, and the minimum is attained at $\rho=0$. We use reference prior for $\rho$. Due to the duality between hypothesis tests and set estimation, the hypothesis testing problem can also be solved by solving a corresponding set estimation problem. The present paper develops Bayesian method based on the Kullback-Liebler and Hellinger divergence measures, rejecting $H_0:\rho=0$ when the specified divergence measure exceeds some number d. This number d is so chosen that the resulting credible interval for the divergence measure has specified coverage probability $1-{\alpha}$. The length of such an interval is compared with the equal two-tailed credible interval and the HPD credible interval for $\rho$ with the same coverage probability which can also be inverted into acceptance regions of $H_0:\rho=0$. Example is considered where the HPD interval based on the one-at- a-time reference prior turns out to be the shortest credible interval having the same coverage probability.

• CELLMED
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.10.1-10.6
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• 2012

Acupuncture works by stimulating peripheral sensory nerves and their endings causing an increase in cutaneous blood flow and microcirculation, as well as release of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and hormones. SP6 Patch is a nanoscale nontransdermal device that mildly stimulates Stomach 36 (zusanli) and other acupuncture points. As stimulation of these points has been indicated to have an effect on hypothalamic function, it is of great research interest to investigate the effect of SP6 Patch on the physiology of organs that are affected by hypothalamic regulation. Bioelectrical tissue impedance data indicative of cellular physiologic organ function, using an Electro Interstitial Scan (EIS) system, were acquired from hypothalamus, pancreas, liver, intestines, kidneys, thyroid and adrenal glands in 10 (1 male, 9 females) volunteers while wearing the SP6 Patch daily for 1 week. EIS testing was performed at baseline with no patch, 30 min after wearing the patch, and after wearing the patch 12 h/day for 1 week. Subjects were instructed to keep well hydrated during the study period. All subjects served as their own control. The hypothesis was: The SP6 Patch worn 12 h/day on the Stomach 36 acupuncture point for 1 week, may significantly improve cellular physiologic functional status of different organs measured by EIS. All tested organs achieved significant improvement in their functional physiologic status after wearing the SP6 Pach 12 h/day for 1 week compared to baseline with an overall average statistical power > 89%. Based upon these results the hypothesis was accepted as true.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.199-207
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• 2000

The planning of large department store is differ from designing other spaces because it holds items to sell. To make effective selling area, those items are to be showed enough to attract potential customers. In well planned space, customers would enjoy shopping convenientiy and comfortably. There are some requirements to make those kind of space. First, the design must consider customers needs. Second. the design must show items own values effectively. And third is identity of the store. At this point entrance or lobby area would possibly take major role to imprint identity and store concept. The purpose of study is to make well planned lobby area in order to lead customers traffic patterns to effective selling spaces. The method of this study is establishing hypothesis about interior and exterior aspects which effect to traffic patterns. And build condition that helps testing the hypothesis. Through the processes mentioned above, we would possibly reach the result like, First, It is important to reserve enough lobby space to prevent oversizing of selling space and advise effective traffic patterns. Second, Organize the aspects that could cause the change of customers traffic patterns and bring those customers selling point. Third, Make useful context which can attract customers passing by.