• 대한한의학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.118-129
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• 2003

Objective : To learn the distributional characteristics of Sasang constitutions, Methods : We statistically analyzed those 1338 patients who had been treated at Iksan Wonkwang Oriental Medicine during the period of three years from 2000 to 2002. The data were obtained through the electronic chart developed by Kim Jong- Yeol, and analyzed using the statistical Package SPSS. Results : The distributional ratio of Soeumin : Soyangin : Taeumin was 22.8 : 29.2 : 47.8. Thus the hypothesis : 'the distributional ratio of Soeumin : Soyangin : Taeumin is 2 : 3 : 5' was barely rejected by $x^2$ test for goodness-of-fit at the significance level of 5 %. When $x^2$ test for homogeneity was applied, the distributional characteristics between women and men were different and the distributional characteristics among several age groups were different under significance level of 5%. Conclusion : Though the hypothesis: 'the distributional ratio of Soeumin : Soyangin : Taeumin is 2 : 3 : 5' was rejected by $x^2$ test at the significance level of 5%, the observed distributional ratio was not so far away from the hypothesis.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.801-809
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• 1998

This study was carried out the group communication program which I had composed of using the Satir's communication family theory and skills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects on the dysfunctional communication self-esteem and depression, executed this program for the mothers group with caring the mental disorders. and then for the test of some hypotheses it was devided two groups ; the experimental group(n=20) and control group(n=25). In the control group they were learned two session family education program in the psychiatric clinics of Pusan National University Hospital and in the experimental group they had experienced during the 10 session by the group communication program. In the methods of the statistics on this datas, it was to statistics X²test for the comparison between the experimental group and control group with general characteristics. The effect of the Group Communication Program was to analyse ANCOVA between pre-post test on the disfunctional communication, self-esteem and depression in the control group and experimental group. The conclusions were derived from the results and test of hypothesis as followings ; 1) The results were tested the differentiation between the experimental and control group, and the pre-post test in the experimental group with dysfunctional communication self-esteem and depression. Some hypothesis were tested and supported as followings : It was supported that the level of dysfunctional communication of the experimental group would be lower than the control group (Hypothesis 1) It was supported that the level of self-esteem of the experimental group would be higher than the control group (Hypothesis 2). It was supported that the level of depression of the experimental group would be lower than the control group (Hypothesis 3). 2) The relation of the dysfunctional communication with the self-esteem was presented negative correlation and with the depression was not correlation. The relation of the self-esteem with the depression was presented significantly negative correlation. The relation of the sacrificuny pattern of dysfuntional communication with the self-esteem was presented negative correlation and with the depression positive correlation.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.524-532
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• 2003

이 연구의 목적은 진자 과제에서 학생들의 가설 생성에 있어서 귀추적 추론 능력이 중요한 역할을 한다는 가설을 검증하고자 하는 것이다. 가설을 검증하기 위하여 5학년 학생들을 대상으로 하여 진자 운동에 대한 가설 생성 검사와 진자의 길이에 대한 선지식 검사를 실시하였다. 진자의 길이에 대해 선지식을 가지고 있는 많은 학생들이 그네 과제에 대한 가설 생성에 선지식을 적용하지 못하였다. 이러한 결과는 학생들이 가설 생성에 실패한 이유가 단지 선지식이 없어서가 아니라 오히려 귀추적 추론 능력이 부족한 것과 관련된다. 학생들이 성공적으로 가설 생성을 하기 위해서는 선지식 뿐만 아니라 귀추적 추론능력도 요구된다. 그러므로 이 연구는 가설 생성 과정에 있어서 선지식 이외에도 귀추적 추론 능력이 중요한 역할을 한다는 주장을 지지한다. 이 연구는 학생들의 가설 생성 능력을 계발하기 위해서는 과학 교육에서 과학적 선언적 지식 뿐만 아니라 귀추적 추론 능력에 대한 교육도 함께 제공되어야 함을 시사한다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.233-241
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• 1998

In order to test of intermediate disturbance hypothesis that an intermediate level of disturbance maximize biodiversity and to elucidate the effect of disturbance during the early old-field succession, the response of plant community along an experimental disturbance gradient was investigated in a five-year old-field. Response of plant community along an experimental disturbance gradient was connected with light condition because artificial disturbance gradient had been treat by clipping of plants and removing of litter. Artificial disturbance in five-year old-field plant community retarded rate of succession by increasing invasion and performance of the earlier successional species in the initial and middle stage of disturbance treatment. The species richness in the blocks of intermediate disturbance level showed the peak in early and mid-summer. This result did correspond with the prediction of intermediate disturbance hypothesis.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.91-107
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• 2008

This study investigated the isolation hypothesis and the buffer hypothesis of Demand-Control-Support model in relation to activity satisfaction and psychological well-being. The subjects were 300 elderly women participating in productive activity for example paid work, voluntary activity, and grancdhildren care. This research tested four hypotheses concerning the DCS model. Is there support for the isolation hypothesis, such that the lowest level of activity satisfaction is experienced by the elderly women working in an isolation situation(high demand-low control-low support)? Is there support for the isolation hypothesis, such that the lowest level of psychological well-being is experienced by the elderly women working in an isolation situation(high demand-low control-low support)? Is there support for the buffer hypothesis, i. e. interaction between demand, control, and support, indicating a buffering effect of support on the negative impact of high strain on activity satisfaction? Is there support for the buffer hypothesis, i. e. interaction between demand, control, and support, indicating a buffering effect of support on the negative impact of high strain on psychological well-being? Major results of this study were as follows. and were supported. Activity satisfaction and psychological well-being of the elderly women in isolation situation was the lowest among the sample. was supported that family support level buffered the negative impact of high strain on activity satisfaction. But was not supported. Only main effect of demand level was showed on psychological well-being.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2014

In this study, we propose a simultaneous test procedure based on the individual - values for each sub-null hypothesis with several well-known combining functions. We then compare the efficiency of our procedure with existing tests by obtaining empirical powers through a simulation study. Finally, we discuss some interesting features related to simultaneous test and point out a misconduct for the simulation study published in the previous work.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.476-487
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of hand massage as a nursing intervention on the anxiety of the hysterectomy patients in immediately prior to surgery. The method of this study was Nonequivalent Control Group Non-Synchronized Design. The data were selected from at K university hospital in Pusan, and they consisted of Experimental group-25 patients, Control group -24 patients. The data were collected from Jan. 4 to Jan. 30 in 1999. The subjects′ self-reports of anxiety (measured by the Spielberger Trait-State anxiety Inventory and Visual Analogue Scale developed by Cline et al.) were recorded before and immediately after the intervention. The objective physiologic measures of blood pressure and pulse rate. The collected data were analysed by means of frequency, percentage, standard deviation, chi- square test, t-test, ANCOVA with SPSS program. The results of this study were as following; 1. Hypothesis 1: The 1st hypothesis that "There will be significant difference of the state anxiety level just before surgery in the experimental group and control group" was supported(P= .000). 2. Hypothesis 2: The 2nd hypothesis that "There will be significant difference of the visual analogue scale score just before surgery in the experimental group and control group"was supported(P= .000). 3. Hypothesis 3: The 3rd hypothesis that "There will be significant difference of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure level just before surgery in the experimental group and control group"was supported (P= .003, P= .041). 4. Hypothesis 4: The 4th hypothesis that "There will be significant difference of the pulse rate just before surgery in the experimental group and control group"was supported(P= .004). In conclusion, hand massage is a benefical nursing intervention that alleviates the psychological, physiological anxiety of the hysterectomy patients in immediately prior to surgery. therefore it is recomended to use the hand massage as a nursing intervention for patients undergoing anxiety. The results of this study appear promising, additional research is recomended to further the appropriate uses of hand massage in nursing practice for this and other patient population.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.69-90
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dance sports on physiological variables, depression and quality of life in the elderly. The study was performed on a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design for 47 elderly, who were conveniently assigned to experimental group and control group. The experimental group were selected from D-welfare facility and the control group were selected from G-elderly church club in G-city. The data were collected from April 2, 2001 to June 30, 2001, and analyzed by frequency, $x^2$-test, t-test and paired t-test using SAS/PC program. The results of this study were summarized as follows; 1. The first hypothesis, "the experimental group would have improved physiological variables than the control group.". 1-1. The hypothesis, "the experimental group would have lower blood pressure than the control group" was rejected. 1-2. The hypothesis, "the experimental group would have lower heart rate than the control group" was supported(t=-2.031, p=0.048). 1-3. The hypothesis, "the experimental group would have higher peripheral vessel $O_2$ Saturation than the control group" was rejected. 2. The second hypothesis, "the experimental group would have lower depression score than the control group" was supported(t=2.832, p=0.006). 3. The third hypothesis, "the experimental group would have higher quality of life score than the control group" was supported(t=2.604, p=0.012). After 12 weeks of dance sports program, it was shown that the program was effective to improve the physiological varibles, reduce depression and improve quality of life.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.765-774
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• 2002

Suppose one is given a vector X of a finite set of quantities $X_i$ which are independent Poisson random variables. A null hypothesis $H_0$ about E(X) is to be tested against an alternative hypothesis $H_1$. A quantity $\sum\limits_{i}w_ix_i$ is to be computed and used for the test. The optimal values of $W_i$ are calculated for three cases: (1) signal to noise ratio is used in the test, (2) normal approximations with unequal variances to the Poisson distributions are used in the test, and (3) the Poisson distribution itself is used. The above three cases are considered to the situations that are without background noise and with background noise. A comparison is made of the optimal values of $W_i$ in the three cases for both situations.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.307-315
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• 2002

Suppose one is given a vector X of a finite set of quantities $X_i$ which are independent Poisson signals. A null hypothesis $H_0$ about E(X) is to be tested against an alternative hypothesis $H_1$. A quantity $$\sum\limits_{i}\omega_ix_i$$ is to be computed and used for the test. The optimal values of $\omega_i$ are calculated for three cases : (1) signal to noise ratio is used in the test, (2) normal approximations with unequal variances to the Poisson distributions are used in the test, and (3) the Poisson distribution it self is used. A comparison is made of the optimal values of $\omega_i$ in the three cases as parameter goes to infinity.