• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.1043-1053
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• 2013

We investigated the ability of soybean curd residue (SCR) and its fermented products to inhibit obesity and improve the blood lipid profiles of obese mice fed a high-fat diet. Samples were prepared by fermenting SCR with Aspergillus oryzae var effuses KACC 44990 (ASCR), a microbe used for the fermentation of traditional Korean Meju, and with Monascus pilosus IFO 4480 (MSCR), a microbe used for the production of red rice. In addition, AMSCR, a mixture composed of equal amounts of ASCR and MSCR, was also prepared. Male mice were divided into six groups and fed with either a normal diet, a high-fat diet, or a high-fat diet supplemented with SCR, ASCR, MSCR, or AMSCR. After 8 weeks, body weight gain, serum and hepatic lipid profiles, and the activities of enzymes that generate or scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated. Compared with the high-fat diet group, all the test groups showed a significant reduction in body, organ, and epididymal fat weight gain. These effects were observed with supplements in the order AMSCR>ASCR>MSCR>SCR. Similarly, supplements of test samples reduced high levels of serum and hepatic triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol caused by hight-fat diet, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was increased. Interestingly, the ability of ASCR to lower serum TG was stronger than that of MSCR, while MSCR showed a stronger hypocholesterolemic effect than ASCR. Meanwhile, AMSCR returned comprehensively serum lipid levels to normal. In addition, hepatic damage was prevented with effects in the order AMSCR>ASCR>MSCR>SCR. Hepatic ROS generating system including xanthine oxidase (XO) and ROS scavenging system including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were recovered to normal level by all test diets. In conclusion, this study suggests that SCR and its fermented products can inhibit obesity and improve lipid profiles.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.602-611
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• 2008

We compared antiobese, hypocholesterolemic, antiplatelet and antioxidant effect of 10% green tea powder and 3% green tea extract in rats pair fed 5% cholesterol diets. The final body weight was decreased significantly compared with the control (p < 0.05). Plasma and liver total cholesterol were lower in group of green tea powder or extract, but not statistically different. HDL cholesterol was increased significantly in group of green tea powder compared with the control or green tea extract (p < 0.05). Plasma triglyceride was significantly decreased in group of green tea extract compared with green tea powder, and green tea powder compared with the control respectively (p < 0.05). Liver triglyceride was significantly decreased in group of green tea powder or green tea extract compared with the control (p < 0.01). Platelet aggregations in the maximum and initial slope were not different among groups. Hemolysis was significantly lower in group of green tea powder compared with the control (p < 0.05). Plasma TBARS production was decreased in group of green tea extract compared with the control (p < 0.05). Na passive leak in intact cells was not different, but Na leak in AAPH treated cell was significantly decreased in group of green tea powder than the control (p < 0.05). The leak increase (${\Delta}Na$ Leak) after AAPH treatment was significantly decreased in groups of green tea powder and extract compared with the control (p < 0.05). Isotope excretion after $^{14}C$-cholesterol ingestion was significantly increased in group of green tea extract compared with the control or the green tea powder (p < 0.05). Consumption of green tea in powder or extract may give beneficial effects in weight control and plasma lipid profiles, impeding metabolic syndrome. More studies are needed to clarify what component of green tea and what mechanism are involved in antiobese and hypolipedemic actions of green tea.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.402-409
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• 2002

The effects of protein-bound polysaccharides (A-PBP and L-PBP) that were extracted from the mycelia of two edible mushrooms, namely Agaricus blazai and Lentinus edodes, on serum cholesterol and body weight were investigated in mice and female volunteers. Six groups of Male Balb/c mice were fed six kinds of diet supplement- solutions composed of L-PBP, A-PBP, chitosan, and other fiber constituents, for 30 days under the normal diet. Ninety female volunteers were also supplemented for 8 weeks with six kinds of capsules including control and five test groups as the same manners (two times a day, 4 capsules). From 12 days after feeding of L-PBP (Group I) and A-PBP (Group II), the weight of mice began to reduce as compared with control, whereas that of Group III fed chitosan was decreased 15 days after feeding. Group W and Group V which were fed mixture of L-PBP, A-PBP, chitosan, and other dietary fiber, were more significant in lowering weight. After 4 weeks of the supplementation in women, their serum LDL-cholesterol level and body weights in Group I and II were reduced, but Croup 111 taken with chitosan capsule showed weaker effect than Group I and II. After 8 weeks, LDL-cholesterol content in the sera of Group I (132.5 mg/dL) and II(131.5 mg/dL) was decreased to ideal level (125.4 and 122.8 mg/dL) for healthy blood vessel. In the case of Group W supplemented with mixture of L-PBP, A-PBP, and chitosan, the weight-reduction effect (11.8%) and hypocholesterolemic effect (11.0%) was most significant, indicating their synergistic action. These data suggested that the weight-controlling and hypolipidemic effect of L-PBP and A-PBP was involved, at least in part, in absorption of cholesterol as their role of dietary fiber, as well as cholesterol metabolism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.10
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• pp.1484-1490
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• 2014

In the present study, we examined the effects of a mixture of three strains, Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 7527, 7528, and 7529 (L. plantarum mixture), on body weight and lipid metabolism in Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-fat diet. Rats were fed a high-fat diet and subjected to oral gavage with vehicle or the L. plantarum mixture ($0.6{\times}10^9$, $1.2{\times}10^9$, $2.4{\times}10^9$ colony-forming units (CFU)/day/rat, respectively) for 8 weeks. In rats fed a high-fat diet, oral administration of $2.4{\times}10^9CFU/day$ of the L. plantarum mixture significantly reduced body weight gain as well as weights of liver and epididymal fat. Leptin levels in sera were significantly reduced by oral administration of $2.4{\times}10^9CFU/day$ of the L. plantarum mixture. The L. plantarum mixture ($1.2{\times}10^9$ or $2.4{\times}10^9CFU/day$) also reduced the concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in sera when it administered orally. Further, the L. plantarum mixture significantly reduced the atherogenic index and cardiac risk factor. In addition, oral administration of $2.4{\times}10^9CFU/day$ of the L. plantarum mixture markedly reduced levels of total lipids, triglycerides, and total cholesterol in the liver. The results of this study indicate that the L. plantarum mixture may exhibit anti-obesity and cholesterol-lowering effects, which suggest that the L. plantarum mixture has the potential to be a probiotic in the management of obesity and hypercholesterolemia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.402-409
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Capsosiphon fulvescens (CF) extract on serum and liver lipid metabolism in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 1% cholesterol and 0.25% sodium cholate to induce hypercholesterolemia and were divided into six groups. Experimental groups were administered with following diets; normal diet group (NC), high cholesterol diet group (HC), normal diet and CF extract (200 mg/kg) administered group (NC-CFL), normal diet and CF extract (400 mg/kg) administered group (NC-CFH), high cholesterol diet and CF extract (200 mg/kg) adwlinistered group (HC-CFL), and high cholesterol diet and CF extract (400 mg/kg) administered group (HC-CFH). The body weight gain and feed efficiency ratio were increased by high cholesterol diet, but gradually decreased to the corresponding level of the normal diet group by administered CF extract. The serum total cholesterol concentration of normal diet group was significantly higher than those of NC-CFL group and NC-CFH group. The concentrations of serum total cholesterol LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride and the atherogenic index .were tended to decrease in the CF extract administered groups compared with the high cholesterol diet group. However, HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations in serum decreased in the high cholesterol diet group and markedly increased by the CF extract administered groups. There were no differences in the concentrations of serum triglyceride, phopholipid, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and free cholesterol in normal diet groups. Concentrations of total cholesterol and triglyceride in liver and kidney were also markedly decreased in the CF administered groups. Total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations of adipose tissue in the CF administered groups were also decreased compared with the high cholesterol diet group. In addition, there were no differences in the concentrations of liver, kidney and adipose tissue total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol in normal diet groups. The activities of heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and total-extractable LPL in adipose tissue were increased in the high cholesterol diet group compared with the CF extract administered groups, but those of the NC -CFL group and NC-CFH group were similar to the normal diet group. Taken together, it is suggested that the extract of CF have an antiatherosclerotic effect by reducing cholesterol level of serum and liver. Furthermore, the extract of CF decreased LPL activity and triglyceride concentration, resulting in less lipid storage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.965-974
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the effects of vegetable sprout powder on serum and adipose tissue lipid metabolism in rats fed high-fat diet for 4 weeks for induction hyperlipidemic model rat. Weight-matched male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to five groups according to dietary fat level (10% or 20% of diet wt.) and mixture of vegetable sprout powder levels (5% or 10% 10% or 20% of diet wt.). Vegetable sprout powder was the mixture of same amounts of dried barley, broccoli, rapeseed, alfalfa, radish, mustard, buckwheat and brussels sprouts. Experimental groups were normal fat diet with 5% cellulose (NF-C), high fat diet without fiber (HF-N), high fat diet with 5% cellulose (HF-C), HF-C diet with 5% vegetable sprout powder (HF-CSL), and HF-C diet with 10% vegetable sprout powder (HF-CSH). The body weight of HF-N group increased 16% compared with the NF-C group, while it was decreased by 15% and 22% for HF-CSL group and HF-CSH group, respectively. Fat mass and fat cell size of adipose tissue were lower in HF-CSL group and HF-CSH group compared with HF-C group, and lower in HF-CSH group compared with HF-CSL group. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol contents were markedly decreased by vegetable sprout powder containing diet, while the serum HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid contents were higher in vegetable sprout powder containing diet in a dose-dependent manner. Leptin and insulin levels in serum showed a decrease in HF-CSH group. Significantly increased contents of triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, leptin and insulin in the serum of HF-N group were returned to normal or even below normal levels by feeding 10% vegetable sprout powder diet. The increased activities of NADP-malate dehydrogenase (ME), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in adiposetissue by HF-N group were decreased to the activity of normal fat group by feeding vegetable sprout powder in a dose-dependant manner. These results indicate that lipid metabolism in rats fed high-fat diet was suppressed by feeding vegetable sprout powder.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.636-641
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• 2005

Mulberry leaves, high in dietary fiber and some nutritional materials, are thought to have hypocholesterolemic effect. Therefore, effect of mulberry leaf powder on serum lipid profiles were studied using rats with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed AIN-93 diet (control group), and diets containing high-cholesterol and 0% mulberry leaves powder, high-cholesterol and 5% mulberry leaves powder, and high-cholesterol and 10% mulberry leaves powder for 4 weeks. Hypercholesterolemia was induced by adding 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid to all diets except in control group. Although no differences were observed in food intake and initial body weight among groups, mulberry leaf treatment resulted in significant decreases in food efficiency ratio and body weight gain. Mulberry leaf treatment decreased serum lipid profiles, atherogenic index, cardiac risk factor, low density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, serum aspartate transaminase, and liver lipid levels. High density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, serum HDL-cholesterol, and fecal lipid levels increased, suggesting mulberry leaves could improve hyperlipidemia and liver action, thereby proventing cardiovascular disease.