• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.326-329
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• 2004

In this paper, we show a new form of blood pressure controller combined PI control with $H_{\infty}$ loop-shaping. Hypertensive patients or post-operative patients need to maintain normally blood pressure. Exact regulation of blood pressure is needed for maintaining variable blood pressure of preventing complications. The regulation of blood pressure is achieved by injecting drugs, and usually sodium nitroprusside is used as those kinds of drugs. It is necessary to control the infusion rate sodium-nitroprusside carefully to achieve the desired blood pressure. It has been known that regulation of blood pressure by automatic controller is more effective than regulation of blood pressure by human operators. The control of blood pressure has many constraints and uncertainties. Most of biological system has the time-varying variables and the side effects such as increased risk of sepsis and organ failure. To solve such a problem, we design a new robust PI controller using $H_{\infty}$ loop-shaping to decrease noise effects that come out from human body and errors for time delay. The system with designed controller shows more stable control of mean blood pressure and more robust performance for uncertainties. Validation methods for the control performance are confirmed to computer simulations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.249-255
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• 2005

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is primarily responsible for human hypertension. Current ACE drugs show serious cough and angiodema health problems due to the un-specific activity of the drug to ACE protein. The availability of ACE crystal structure (1UZF) provided the plausible biological orientation of inhibitors to ACE active site (C-domain). Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) models have been constructed using the comparative molecula. field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) for a series of 28 ACE inhibitors. Alignment for CoMFA obtained by docking ligands to 1UZF protein using FlexX program showed better statistical model as compared to superposition of corresponding atoms. The statistical parameters indicate reasonable models for both CoMFA (q$^2$ = 0.530, r$^2$ = 0.998) and CoMSIA (q$^2$= 0.518, r$^2$ = 0.990). The 3D-QSAR analyses provide valuable information for the design of ACE inhibitors with potent activity towards C-domain of ACE. The group substitutions involving the phenyl ring and carbon chain at the propionyl and sulfonyl moieties of captopril are essential for specific activity to ACE.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.740-743
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• 2009

Hypertension is one of the modifiable risk factors for stroke and heart disease. Lowering blood pressure is a primary or secondary preventative measure for stroke and heart disease. There are many antihypertension drugs. But these day there comes some side effect of antihypertension drugs. Headache, sexual dysfunction, inertia, dizziness, depression, and so on. So we use Bangpungtongsung -san to stage 1 hypertensive patients. After treatment with Bangpungtongsung-san, patients showed antihypertensive effect and improvement in general condition. The result of this study suggest that Bangpungtongsung-san might be usefully applied for the treatment of hypertension.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.223-228
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• 1990

The contribution of endogenous transport systems to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport of basic and acidic drugs was studied by using a carotid injection technique in rats and an isolated bovine cerebrovascular disease state were compared between the normotensive rats (WKY) and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) which have been well established as an animal model with pathogenic similarities to humans. Basic drugs such as eperisone, thiamine and scopolamine inhibited, in a concentration dependent manner the in vivo uptake of $[{^3}H]choline$ through BBB, whereas amino acids and acidic drugs such as salicylic acid and valproic acid did not inhibit the uptake. The uptake of $[^3H]choline$ by B-CAP increased with time and showed a remarkable temperature dependency. The uptake of $[^3H]choline$ by B-CAP showed the very similar inhibitory effects as observed in the in vivo brain uptake, and was competitively inhibited by a basic drug, eperisone. The in vivo BBB uptakes of $[^3H]acetic$ acid and $[^{14}C]salicylic$ acid were dependent on pH of the injectate and the concentration of drugs. Several acidic drugs such such as salicylic acid, benzoic acid and valproic acid inhibited the in vivo uptake of $[^3H]acetic$ acid, whereas amino acid, choline and a basic drug such as eperisone did not inhibit the uptake. The uptake of acetic acid by B-CAP was competitively inhibited by salicylic acid. The permeability surface area product (PS) through BBB for $[^3H]choline$ in SHRSP was significantly lower than that in WKY. The concentration of choline in the brain dialysate in SHRSP was about half of that in WKY, while no significant difference was observed in the plasma concentration of choline between SHRSP and WKY. No significant difference was observed in the transport of monocarboxylic acids, glucose and neutral amino acid through BBB between SHRSP and WKY. From these results, it was concluded that BBB transport system of choline contributes to the transport of basic drugs through BBB, that acidic drugs can be transported via a moncarboxylic acid BBB transport system and that the specific dysfuntion of the BBB choline transport in SHRSP was ascribed to the reduction of the maximum velocity of choline concentration in the brain interstitial fluids.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.157-162
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• 1982

This study was undertaken to investigate effects of 'Oyo-Tang' on the respiratory system. The results of this study were summarized as follows; 1. Antihistamine and relaxed dialating actions were recognized on the extracted ileum and serial broncheal samples in guinea-pigs. 2. Mild hypertensive action was recognized on the carotid artery in rabbits. 3. Antitussive action was noted on mechanically irritated coughs in dogs and cats. In connection with the results of these studies, effects based on the Oriental medical references were consistent with the actual experimental results. It was considered that effective application of 'Oyo-Tang' for the treatment of cough and asthma could be justified.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.713-719
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• 2018

Dipeptidyl peptidase4 (DPP4) inhibitors such as gemigliptin are antidiabetic drugs elevating plasma concentration of incretins such as GLP-1. In addition to the DPP4 inhibition, gemigliptin might directly improve the functions of vessels under pathological conditions. To test this hypothesis, we investigated whether the acetylcholine-induced endothelium dependent relaxation (ACh-EDR) of mesenteric arteries (MA) are altered by gemigliptin pretreatment in Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats (SHR) and in Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) under hyperglycemia-like conditions (HG; 2 hr incubation with 50 mM glucose). ACh-EDR of WKY was reduced by the HG condition, which was significantly recovered by $1{\mu}M$ gemigliptin while not by saxagliptin and sitagliptin up to $10{\mu}M$. The ACh-EDR of SHR MA was also improved by $1{\mu}M$ gemigliptin while similar recovery was observed with higher concentration ($10{\mu}M$) of saxagliptin and sitagliptin. The facilitation of ACh-EDR by gemigliptin in SHR was not observed under pretreatment with NOS inhibitor, L-NAME. In the endothelium-denuded MA of SHR, sodium nitroprusside induced dose-dependent relaxation was not affected by gemigliptin. The ACh-EDR in WKY was decreased by treatment with $30{\mu}M$ pyrogallol, a superoxide generator, which was not prevented by gemigliptin. Exendin-4, a GLP-1 analogue, could not enhance the ACh-EDR in SHR MA. The present results of ex vivo study suggest that gemigliptin enhances the NOS-mediated EDR of the HG-treated MA as well as the MA from SHR via GLP-1 receptor independent mechanism.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.180-185
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aims of the present study are: 1) to quantify sodium consumption of patients with unstable or uncontrolled hypertension, 2) to investigate if reduced sodium intake can lower BP in these patients, and 3), to assess the acceptability and feasibility of this approach. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study included 25 adults (age: 50+ years) with frequently elevated BP or patients with uncontrolled, uncomplicated hypertension despite drug treatment in a general practice setting. BP and salt intake (24h urinary excretion and food records) were measured at baseline and after a sodium reduced diet. RESULTS: Mean (${\pm}SD$) systolic (SBP) over diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (mmHg) at baseline was $150.7({\pm}9.5)$/$84.149({\pm}5.6)$. Mean urinary sodium excretion was 146 mmol/24h. A reduction of 28 mmol sodium excretion decreased SBP/DBP to $135.5({\pm}13.0)$/$82.5({\pm}12.8)$ (P < 0.001). After one month of no dietary advice, only in 48%, SBP was still ${\leq}140mmHg$. CONCLUSION: Assessment of sodium intake using food records, 24h urine collections and probing questions to identify use of sodium containing supplements or drugs are essential for tailored advice targeted at sodium intake reduction. The results of the present study indicate that reduced sodium intake can lower BP after 4 weeks in unstable or uncontrolled hypertensive patients.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.97-107
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• 2017

There is no doubt that the effect of ginseng on blood pressure could be different depending upon the type of ginseng employed for the experiment and methodology, thereby can exert bilateral modulatory activity on blood pressure. It has been reported that ginseng induced no significant change in blood pressure in those subjects with normal blood pressure, but had a normalizing effect on the subjects with abnormal blood pressure. Especially, experimental evidence indicates that ginsenoside Rg3, a major component of red ginseng, has been found to lower blood pressure, which is mediated by release of endothelium-derived NO, enhancing the accumulation of cGMP in the rat aorta. This clinical results further support the beneficial effect of Korean ginseng on blood pressure elucidated by animal experiment. As expected, a multicentric non-controlled clinical study shows that the effect of ginseng consumption has been found to normalize blood pressure in hypertensive or hypotensive individuals as compared to virtually no effect in normotensives. In addition, ginseng has been known to exhibit blood pressure decreased with no significant side effect and deteriorated QOL during the combination therapy of ginseng and anti-hypertensive drugs. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the effects of Korean ginseng on blood pressure.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.808-819
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• 2021

Objectives: This study considered the effectiveness of integrative Korean medical treatment for stress-induced hypertensive patients without the use of conventional medication. Methods: A 62-year-old female with stress-induced hypertension (HTN) was hospitalized for 33 days. Her pattern identification was ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang (Ganyangsanghang)-type HTN. Herbal medicine and acupuncture were used for the treatment: Cheonggansoyo-san for 33 days and Chunwangbosim-dan for 15 days, together with acupuncture for 20 minutes twice a day. Blood pressure was checked daily during hospitalization with a digital sphygmomanometer in the brachial artery. Results: After 33 days of treatment, blood pressure decreased. The Handicap Inventory (DHI) scale and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores both decreased. The patient also reported fewer complaints. A five-month follow-up after discharge, with no further treatment, confirmed stable blood pressure. Symptom improvements continued with no significant side effects. Conclusions: This study indicates that Korean medical treatment is effective for stress-induced hypertensive patients.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.988-999
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• 2008

Objectives : The study was conducted to evaluate antioxidative, anti-atherosclerotic and anti-hypertensive effects of natural remedies. Alisma Rhizome (AR) has been used for a long time in Asia in folk remedies for treatment of hypertension and stroke and has been used in Korean traditional medicine for the treatment of glycosuria, gonorrhea, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and jaundice and its diuretic effect. These pharmacological effects of AR might come from antioxidant properties of phytochemicals in these materials. Methods : In this study, the antioxidant activity of extract from AR was studied with in vitro methods by measuring the antioxidant activity by TEAC, measuring the scavenging effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) [superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical] and on reactive nitrogen species (RNS) [nitric oxide and peroxynitrite] as well as measuring the inhibitory effect on $Cu^{2+}$ induced human LDL oxidation and on ACE. Results : The AR extracts were found to have a potent scavenging activity, as well as an inhibitory effect on LDL oxidation and on ACE against all of the reactive species tested, with the water extract showing particularly strong antioxidant activities. Conculsions : The AR extracts have antioxidative, anti-atherosclerotic and anti-hypertensive effects in an in vitro system, which can be used for developing pharmaceutical drugs against oxidative stress and atherosclerosis.