Purpose : The urinary tract infection associated with vesicoureteral reflux(VUR) in children may result in serious complications such as renal scarring, hypertension, proteinuria and end stage renal disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting renal scar such as age, gender, grade of VUR, and ACE gene polymorphism, and body growth in the patients with and those without renal scar associated with VUR Methods : During the period from January 1994 to July 2000, We had 93 children with urinary tract infection associated with VUR who were admitted to the Department of pediatrics of Chonbuk National University Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups according to follow up 99mTc-DMSA renal scan; patients with renal scar group and those with non-scar group. We analyzed and compared the factors associated with renal scarring between the two groups. Results : There were no significant difference in gender, causative organism, ACE gene polymorphism, height and weight at diagnosis between renal scar group and non-scar group. Fifty four patients were in renal scar group and forty seven of them had VUR. The age at diagnosis was significantly higher in renal scar group (2.48${\pm}$2.64yr) than in non renal scar group (1.26${\pm}$1.83yr). Especially, the infants who were less than 1 year of age with VUR developed relatively more renal scar compared with infants older than 1 tear of age. The incidence of renal scarring showed a direct correlation with the severity of VUR. Conclusion : The factors affecting renal scar formation were age at diagnosis, presence and grade of VUR, but the other factors such as gender, causative organism, ACE gene polymorphism were not associated with renal scarring. Therefore, further evaluation about uropathogenic E coli and foflow up study about body growth associated with severity of renal scar would be necessary. (J. Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 5 : 43- 50, 2001)
Purpose : Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis(APSGN) follows infection of group A$\beta$-hemolytic streptococci. The prognosis of APSGN has been reported as favorable. However, several studies have reported that some patients progress to chronic renal failure. In an attempt to clarify this, we analyzed the clinical course of patients with APSGN. Methods : Between January 2000 and December 2004, a total of 48 children who were diagnosed with APSGN according to the presence of hematuria, transient hypocomplementemia and evidence of group A $\beta$-hemolytic streptococcal infection were evaluated. Results : Six(12.5$\%$) patients showed elevation of serum creatinine level but there was no patient with Persistent renal dysfunction. Blood pressure was controlled with ease in all patients and there was no case of persistent hypertension. Renal biopsy was done in 5 patients who showed heavy proteinuria or renal insufficiency and the outcomes showed findings consistent with ordinary APSGN except one with findings of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis(RPGN). Serum complement levels normalized within 8 weeks(92.9$\%$). Hematuria disappeared within 6 months(79$\%$) and proteinuria within 6 months(100$\%$) from the disease onset. Conclusion : Prolonged renal dysfunction or heavy proteinuria found in five patients(10.4$\%$) led to renal biopsy. All these problems resolved within 6 months. Our data support that the prognosis of childhood APSGN is favorable without any serious sequoia. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2005;9:137-142)
Purpose: We reviewed the clinical manifestations, responsiveness to treatment, and prognosis in children with nephrotic syndrome. Methods: Medical records of 159 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome who were admitted to the pediatric department of Chonbuk National University Hospital from January 1979 to December 2000 w ere retrospectively reviewed. Results: There were 32 females and 127 males. The most common age group was between 3 and 5 years of age among the 159 children with nephrotic syndrome. Generalized edema ($75.5\%$), scrotal edema ($20.1\%$), upper respiratory infection ($19.5\%$), and ascites ($28.3\%$) were frequently observed. After the initial steroid therapy, diuresis occurred within tile first two weeks in 138 children, and proteinuria disappeared within the first two weeks in 105 children. Among 159 patients who received initial daily steroid therapy, 110 children were in complete remission, 29 children were in partial remission and 20 children were in poor response state. Hematuria, hypertension and elevated serum creatinine were more frequently observed in the partial and the poor response groups than in the complete remission group. Among 107 children who were followed up for more than one year, 78 children were in complete remission and 55 children were relapsed within the first one year after steroid therapy. Renal biopsy was undertaken in 76 children and 53 children had minimal change nephrotic syndronm. Conclusion: Our study showed that illost children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome have a good responsiveness to steroid therapy and even most children show frequent relapse during 1st year after remission, long term prognosis is excellent.
Park, Sang Shin;Kim, Taehun;Pak, Yun-Suk;Lee, Sang-Yoon;Lee, Hae Jung;Lee, Eun-Hee
Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
/
v.17
no.2
/
pp.241-247
/
2012
Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the association of metabolic syndrome and its components with glaucoma. Methods: We investigated the associations of metabolic syndrome and its components (abdominal obesity, impaired fasting glucose, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia) with glaucoma using data from 19,162 adults aged 40 or above among the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (2005), IV (2007-9), V (2010). The logistic regression analysis was used for assessing those associations after adjusting demographic, lifestyle, and social economic status and for assessing the association of metabolic medication intakes with glaucoma risks. Results: After adjusting for age and sex, the risk of glaucoma was significantly higher in the subjects with impaired fasting glucose(Odds Ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.78 (1.25, 2.53)) and metabolic syndrome (1.45 (1.01, 2.08)) than subjects without those. These associations increased when additional adjusting for smoking, alcohol use, regular physical activity, income, education status(impaired fasting glucose: 1.89 (1.29, 2.77), metabolic syndrome: 1.52 (1.03, 2.25)). Glaucoma prevalence was borderline significantly increased according to the number of metabolic abnormalities(age and sex adjusted p for trend = 0.055). Use of antihypertensive medication was significantly associated with the risk of glaucoma. Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome and impaired fasting glucose were significantly associated with the increased glaucoma risk. Use of antihypertensive medication was also significantly associated with the increased glaucoma risk.
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify teacher's knowledge about sodium, dietary behaviors related to sodium, attitudes towards a low-salt diet, and meal attitude guidance as well as examine the relationship between these variables. Methods: The participants were 351 teachers at an elementary school in the Jeonbuk area. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, Duncan test, and Pearson correlation coefficients with SPSS v. 20.0. Results: The score for teachers' knowledge about sodium was 12.92 points of a possible 16, the score for dietary behavior related to sodium was 46.85 points of a possible 70, and the score for attitude towards a low-salt diet was 33.63 points of a possible 50. Their score for meal attitude guidance was 59.95 points of a possible 80. The knowledge showed significant differences by hypertension drug (p < 0.05) and stress level (p < 0.05). The dietary behavior of sodium use showed significant differences by gender (p < 0.01), work experience (p < 0.05), BMI (p < 0.01), drinking (p < 0.05), concern about health (p < 0.05), and stress level (p < 0.05). The attitude towards a low-salt diet showed significant differences by gender (p < 0.05), marital status (p < 0.05), work experience (p < 0.05), drinking (p < 0.05), concern about health (p < 0.001), and stress level (p < 0.05). Meal attitude guidance showed a significant difference by marital status (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001), work experience (p < 0.001), drinking (p < 0.01), regularity of health checkup (p < 0.001), concern about health (p < 0.001), and stress level (p < 0.05). There was a low positive correlation between knowledge about sodium and dietary behavior related to sodium as well as between dietary behavior related to sodium and attitudes towards a low-salt diet. Attitudes towards a low-salt diet showed a positive correlation with meal attitude guidance. Conclusion: Therefore, it is necessary to consider educational programs on increasing knowledge and attitudes towards a low-salt diet in teachers for improvement of meal attitude guidance activities for students.
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
/
v.41
no.1
/
pp.1-6
/
2012
This study was carried out to investigate the biological activity and antimicrobial activity of Vaccinium oldhami fruit extracts. ABTS radical cation decolorization and the antioxidant protection factor (PF) of extracts as $92.7{\pm}4.1%$ and $3.6{\pm}1.6$ PF were higher than a BHT of $200{\mu}g/mL$ as $52.4{\pm}1.9%$ and $2.0{\pm}0.8$ PF, and the TBARS of extracts was $74.4{\pm}2.9%$ with $200{\mu}g/mL$. The hypertension inhibitory activity of extracts from Vaccinium oldhami fruit indicated the activities of $28.6{\pm}0.6%$ with $200{\mu}g/mL$, and anti-gout activity was $43.3{\pm}0.8%$ with $200{\mu}g/mL$. Antimicrobial activity was found in Vaccinium oldhami fruit extracts on Helicobacter pylori, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Eschericia coli and Propionebacterium acne. This activity was illustrated as 24 mm, 28 mm, 13 mm, 26 mm and 16 mm clear zones with $200{\mu}g/mL$ respectively, and the elastase inhibitory activity which is related to the wrinkle cause was observed in extracts as $52.7{\pm}0.9%$ with $200{\mu}g/mL$.
Yoon, Jungwon;Shin, Yoonjin;Kang, Bori;Byeon, Suji;Kim, Soo A;Kim, Yangha
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
/
v.46
no.7
/
pp.868-875
/
2017
The aim of the present study was to investigate antioxidant nutrient intake and risk of metabolic syndrome based on stress level in rural Korean women. Subject were participants from the Multi-Rural Communities Cohort Study, which was a part of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. According to scores of the Psychosocial Well-Being Index Short-Form, a total of 10,111 subjects were classified into 'low stress group (n=8,015)' from 0 to 26 points and 'high stress group (n=2,096)' above 27 points. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and blood chemical analysis. Dietary nutrient consumption was assessed by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. High stress group showed lower intake of antioxidant nutrients, such as vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, folate, zinc, and carotene compared to the low stress group. Intake of fruits and vegetable was lower in the high stress group compared to the low stress group. Subjects with high stress showed higher risk of hypertension [odd ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.226 (1.112~1.351)] and hypertriglyceridemia [OR, 95% CI=1.227 (1.110~1.356)] than subjects with low stress. High stress group had a significantly greater odds ratio for metabolic syndrome compared with the low stress group [OR, 95% CI=1.216 (1.101~1.342]). Thus, the present study suggests that high stress might be associated with low intake of antioxidant nutrients and high risk of metabolic syndrome in rural Korean women.
Kim, Jung-Suk;Kim, Mi-Jeong;Park, Min-Hee;Ryu, Bog-Mi;Moon, Gap-Soon
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
/
v.37
no.1
/
pp.27-34
/
2008
This study investigated the anti-hypertensive effect of Phyllostachys pubescens culm extract (PCE) by examining its effects on renal angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and blood pressure using the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) system. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured weekly for 8 weeks. Also, total antioxidant capacity and protein oxidation of tissues were examined by plasma Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity assay (TEAC) and hepatic protein carbonyl values, respectively. Twenty male SHR were randomly divided into four groups: PCE50, PCE100, and PCE500 (50, 100, and 500 mg of PCE per kilogram bodyweight daily, respectively), and control group. At week 2, the SBP in all PCE groups appeared to be significantly lower than the control (p<0.05), whereas the DBP were not different until week 4 (p<0.05). At week 8, SBP in the PCE500 was lower by 20% than the control. PCE groups considerably suppressed ACE dose-dependently compared with the control. Plasma TEAC and hepatic protein carbonyl values indicated increased antioxidative activity due to the PCE feed. No adverse effect was observed on the liver of SHR as there was no difference for the GOT and GPT values among the groups. Results of this study suggest that ACE inhibition may be one possible mechanism for the blood pressure lowering effect of PCE; thus, long term consumption of PCE may be beneficial in preventing high blood pressure along with the increased antioxidative status.
The present study was conducted to investigate smoking status and the relationship of smoking to hypertension and diseases on 1,504 subjects who were over 30-year-old age in Kyungsan Gun, Kyungpook province, during the period of 12 months from March 1978 to February 1979. The results obtained are summarized as follows: Of 1,504 subjects, 52.2 percent smoked. The percentage of males smoking showed 84.8 and the percentage of females was 30.7. There were no statistically significant differences between the rate of smoking and educational levels. Protestants demonstrated lower rates of smoking compared with other groups. Regarding the age started to smoke, 66.4 precent of male smokers and 16.9 percent of female smokers commenced smoking before the age of 19. In the regard to the average number of cigarettes smoked daily, 45.8 percent of male smokers consumed some 20 cigarettes and 24.1 percent of female smokers consumed some 10 cigarettes. 3.2 percent of male smellers smoked 40 or more cigarettes a day. Alcohol consumption was closely associated with smoking. 90.7 percent of male alcohol drinkers and 60.1 percent of female drinkers smoked. Cigarette smokers have higher rates of ailments than nonsmokers as a whole. The complaints of cough with sputum and shortness of breath revealed higher rates among smokers than among nonsmokers. Frequency of illnesses showed higher for smokers than for nonsmokers. Smokers were more likely than nonsmokers to suffer from chronic obstructive lung diseases such as chronic bronchitis, asthma, and emphysema. Abnormal systolic blood pressure (>160mmHg) and diastolic (>100) revealed significantly higher among smokers than among nonsmokers.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a nutrition education program as part of health promoting projects in an elementary school. A total of 168 students in the 4th grade were enrolled in the program for 6 months. A self-administered questionnaire was developed to assess nutrition knowledge and dietary habit. Nutrient intakes and body shape perceptions were measured using 24-hour recall method and self-ratings of body shape figures, respectively. The education program was conducted in various ways, focused on healthy dietary behavior, nutrients' roles and sources, and proper body shape perceptions, etc. After the education program, nutrition knowledge and dietary habit were significantly improved. Dietary habit scores were significantly and positively related to nutrition knowledge levels. Body shape perceptions were significantly and properly changed after the program. Dissatisfaction with perceived current body shape and discrepancy between shapes desired and considered healthy were significantly decreased. But girls still indicated a desire to be leaner than shapes which were perceived current and considered healthy. Nutrient intakes were partly improved by the program, but some nutrients, such as calcium, folate, zinc, sodium and niacin, were still remained deficient or excessive. These findings indicate that enhancement of nutrition knowledge is extended to the improvement of dietary habit. In addition, establishment of proper body shape perception is closely related to healthy dietary habits and is required to good nutrition and health.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.