• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.2589-2594
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• 2009

Aging phenomena of plasma polymer films were studied by using the surface analysis techniques of contact angle measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOFSIMS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The polymer films were grown on an aluminum substrate by using a plasma polymerization method from a gas mixture of acetylene and helium, and the films were subsequently modified to have a hydrophilic surface by oxygen plasma treatment. Aging of the polymer films was examined by exposing the samples to water and air environments. The aging process increased the hydrophobicity of the surface, as revealed by an increase in the advancing contact angle of water. XPS analysis showed that the population of oxygen-containing polar groups increased due to the uptake of oxygen during the aging, whereas TOF-SIMS analysis revealed a decrease in the polar group population in the uppermost surface layer. The results suggest that the change in surface property from hydrophilic to hydrophobic nature results from the restructuring of polymer chains near the surface, rather than compositional change of the surface. Oxidative degradation may enhance the mobility and the restructuring process of polymer chains.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2010

목적: 불화규소 아크릴레이트 RGP 콘택트렌즈(Boston EO, Boston XO)를 공기 중에서 플라즈마로 처리하여 표면의 성분, 형상, 습윤성의 변화를 연구하였다. 방법: 성분과 결합구조는 X-선광전자분광분석기(XPS), 형상과 거칠기는 원자현미경(AFM)으로 관찰하였으며, 습윤성의 변화는 접촉각을 측정하여 평가하였다. 결과: 플라즈마 처리에 의해 표면에서 불소는 크게 감소하고, 산소와 실리콘은 증가하였다. 산소를 포함하는 친수성기(C-O, Si-O)가 증가하고, 소수성인 표면이 감소하였으며, 접촉각이 증가하였다. 그러나 불소의 치환으로 생성된 C-O는 습윤성을 증진하지 않았다. 결과: 플라즈마 처리한 다음 6개월이 지나면 표면조성에는 큰 변화가 없으나, 접촉각이 다시 증가하였다. 결론: 불소의 함량이 높은 RGP 콘택트렌즈의 플라즈마 처리에 의한 습윤성 증가는 활성화된 표면과 Si-O의 증가, 소수성 표면의 감소에 의한 것으로 판단된다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.446-452
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• 2005

The interactions between the surface of scaffolds and specific cells play an important role in tissue engineering applications. Some cell adhesive ligand peptides including Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) have been grafted into polymeric scaffolds to improve specific cell attachment. In order to make cell adhesive scaffolds for tissue regeneration, biodegradable nonporous poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) films were prepared by using a solvent casting technique with chloroform. The hydrophobic PLLA films were surface-modified by Argon plasma treatment and in situ direct acrylic acid (AA) grafting to get hydrophilic PLLA-g-PAA. The obtained carboxylic groups of PLLA-g-PAA were coupled with the amine groups of Gly-Arg-Asp-Gly (GRDG, control) and GRGD as a ligand peptide to get PLLA-g-GRDG and PLLA-g-GRGD, respectively. The surface properties of the modified PLLA films were examined by various surface analyses. The surface structures of the PLLA films were confirmed by ATR-FTIR and ESCA, whereas the immobilized amounts of the ligand peptides were 138-145 pmol/$cm^2$. The PLLA surfaces were more hydrophilic after AA and/or RGD grafting but their surface morphologies showed still relatively smoothness. Fibroblast adhesion to the PLLA surfaces was improved in the order of PLLA control

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.256-262
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of surface modification on the fibrovascular ingrowth into porous polyethylene (PE) spheres ($Medpor^{(R)}$), which are used as an anophthalmic socket implant material. To make the inert, hydrophobic PE surface hydrophilic, nonporous PE film and porous PE spheres were subjected to plasma treatment and in situ acrylic acid (AA) grafting followed by the immobilization of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide. The surface-modified PE was evaluated by performing surface analyses and tested for fibroblast adhesion and proliferation in vitro. In addition, the porous PE implants were inserted for up to 3 weeks in the abdominal area of rabbits and, after their retrieval, the level of fibrovascular ingrowth within the implants was assessed in vivo. As compared to the unmodified PE control, a significant increase in the hydrophilicity of both the AA-grafted (PE-g-PAA) and RGD-immobilized PE (PE-g-RGD) was observed by the measurement of the water contact angle. The cell adhesion at 72 h was most notable in the PE-g-RGD, followed by the PE-g-PAA and PE control. There was no significant difference between the two modified surfaces. When the cross-sectional area of tissue ingrowth in vivo was evaluated, the area of fibrovascularization was the largest with PE-g-RGD. The results of immunostaining of CD31, which is indicative of the degree of vascularization, showed that the RGD-immobilized surface could elicit more widespread fibrovascularization within the porous PE implants. This work demonstrates that the present surface modifications, viz. hydrophilic AA grafting and RGD peptide immobilization, can be very effective in inducing fibrovascular ingrowth into porous PE implants.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.363-369
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• 2022

AlSi10Mg alloys are being actively studied through additive manufacturing for application in the automobile and aerospace industries because of their excellent mechanical properties. To obtain a consistently high quality product through additive manufacturing, studying the flowability and spreadability of the metal powder is necessary. AlSi10Mg powder easily forms an oxide film on the powder surface and has hydrophilic properties, making it vulnerable to moisture. Therefore, in this study, AlSi10Mg powder was hydrophobically modified through silane surface treatment to improve the flowability and spreadability by reducing the effects of moisture. The improved flowability according to the number of silane surface treatments was confirmed using a Carney flowmeter. In addition, to confirm the effects of improved spreadability, the powder prior to surface treatment and that subjected to surface treatment four times were measured and compared using s self-designed recoating tester. The results of this study confirmed the improved flowability and spreadability based on the modified metal powder from hydrophilic to hydrophobic for obtaining a high-quality additive manufacturing product.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.3437-3443
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• 2013

고분자 절연재료는 기존의 세라믹 절연재료에 대체되는 물질로 매년 수요가 꾸준히 급증하고 있다. 그러나, 실용에 있어 장시간 외부로부터 가해지는 열화인자에 노출됨에 따라 경시적 성능저하 및 수명단축이 발생되고, 이를 근본적으로 해결하기 위한 고분자 열화메커니즘의 규명이 안전성 향상 및 신뢰성 확보를 위해 중요한 과제로 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 열화발생 및 진행경로를 해석하기 위한 일환으로 열, 수분에 의한 열화를 각각 임의로 모의하여, 열화 발생메커니즘을 해석하였다. 특히, 본 연구에서는 화학적 측면의 특성분석을 수행하였고, 이를 통해 표면의 친수 소수적 분자구조 분석으로 최종적인 표면열화 모델링을 도출하였다. PCB 기판용 고분자 복합재료를 대상으로 열, 수분 가속열화에 따른 표면에서의 접촉각, XPS 분석을 통해 표면의 변화 메커니즘을 분석하였다. 친수화 경향을 나타내는 표면은 접촉각의 감소와 carboxyl($-COO^*$) 라디칼이 다량 발생하였으며, 소수화 경향을 나타내는 표면은 접촉각의 증가와 표면에서 산소기의 이탈과 탄소결합의 불포화 이중결합화로 안정된 화학구조를 구성하고 있었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.706-713
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 미세유체 시스템 제작에 적합한 3D 프린팅 방식 및 소재 별 표면특성 분석을 통해 각 응용 사례에 적합한 프린터 및 소재 선정에 가이드라인을 줄 수 있는 기초 연구를 수행하였다. 가장 보편적으로 사용되는 적층 방식과 해상도가 상대적으로 높은 광경화 방식에 대해 프린팅 방식과 소재에 따른 표면 특성을 살펴보았다. 적층 방식의 프린트물은 소재에 무관하게 후처리 전에는 친수성 특성을 보이나 아세톤 증기에 의한 후처리 후에는 소수성 특성을 보임을 확인할 수 있었다. SEM을 이용한 표면 조도 관찰을 통해 이러한 접촉각의 변화가 후처리에 의한 표면의 결 구조의 제거에 기인한 것임을 확인하였다. 광경화식 프린트물은 적층식 대비 친수성의 특성을 보였으나 소수성 코팅을 이용해 표면 개질이 가능함을 실험적으로 확인하였다. 두 프린팅 방식 중 투명한 재질이 요구되는 경우, 적층 방식은 투명한 시편을 만드는 것이 불가능함을 확인하였으며 광경화 방식의 경우 충분한 투명도가 확보됨을 확인하였다. 액적 접촉충전 현상에 기반한 디지털 전기천공 시스템의 electroporation chip을 광경화 방식으로 제작하였으며 성공적으로 전기천공을 시연함으로써 미세유체 시스템에 직접 적용이 가능함 또한 확인하였다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2012

The effects of the alkali surface modification process on the adhesion strength between electroless-plated Cu and polyimide films were investigated. The polyimide surfaces were effectively modified by alkali surface treatments from the hydrophobic to the hydrophilic states, and it was confirmed by the results of the contact angle measurement. The surface roughness increased by alkali surface treatments and the adhesion strength was proportional to the surface roughness. The adhesion strength of Cu/polyimide interface treated by KOH + EDA (Ethylenediamine) was 874 gf/cm which is better than that treated by KOH and KOH + $KMnO_4$. The results of XPS spectra revealed that the alkali treatment formed oxygen functional groups such as carboxyl and amide groups on the polyimide films which is closely related to the interfacial bonding mechanism between electroless-plated Cu and polyimide films. It could be suggested that the species and contents of functional group on polyimide films, surface roughness and contact angle were related with the adhesion strength of Cu/polyimide in combination.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2012

This study was accomplished using packed bed column reactors that contain nonsurface-modified polypropylene media and surface-modified media from hydrophobic surface property into hydrophilic property by ion beam irradiation. The objectives of this research was investigated the characteristics of organic compounds removal and microbe attachment from sewage of school cafeteria in these reactors. In 736.8 mg/L of the average inflow $COD_{Cr}$ concentration the reactors with and without surface modification showed 81.8% and 70.3% of average $COD_{Cr}$ removal efficiencies, respectively, which proves the $COD_{Cr}$ removal efficiency of surface-modified media reactor is higher than that of nonsurface-modified media reactor. After 90 days, there were maximum differences between modified system and non-modified system. In that time the maximum removal efficiency of $COD_{Cr}$ was 96.5% in modified system and was 85.2% in non-modified system that showed removal efficiency of surface-modified media system is 11.3% higher than that of nonsurface-modified media system. The average removal efficiency of SS was 80.4% for the surface modified system and 61.6% for the non-modified system under same condition. Also, the reactor of surface-modified media has advantage on microbe attachment and biofilm formation.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2020

나노과학과 나노기술의 발전에 따라 선택적 패턴 성장을 위한 기술이 주목을 받고 있다. 실리카(Silica) 나노입자는 바이오 라벨링, 바이오 이미징 및 바이오 센싱에 사용되고 있는 유망한 나노소재이다. 본 연구에서는 실리카 나노입자를 수정된 스토버 방법(Stöber Method)인 졸겔(Sol-Gel) 공정으로 합성하였다. 또한 기판의 표면을 미세접촉프린팅 기술로 발수 처리하여 실리카 나노입자를 선택적으로 패턴 성장시켰다. 합성된 실리카 나노입자의 크기와 선택적으로 패턴 성장된 실리카 나노입자의 표면형상을 전계방출 주사전자현미경(Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, FE-SEM)으로 조사하였고, 기판의 표면 기능화에 따른 기판의 접촉각 특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 OTS 용액으로 발수 처리된 기판에서는 실리카 나노입자를 스핀 코팅하였을 때, 실리카 나노입자를 관찰할 수 없었으나, KOH 용액으로 친수 처리된 기판에서는 실리카 나노입자가 잘 코팅되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 미세접촉프린팅 기술로 발수 처리한 기판영역 외에서만 실리카 나노입자가 선택적으로 패턴 성장하는 것을 FE-SEM으로 확인하였다. 이러한 실리카 나노입자의 패턴성장 특성을 염료가 도핑 된 실리카 나노입자에 적용한다면, 실리카 나노입자의 패턴 성장 기술은 바이오 이미징 및 바이오 센싱 분야에 유용하게 활용될 것으로 기대된다.